Dataset: ASU-Plants
Taxa: Heterotheca
Search Criteria: excluding cultivated/captive occurrences

Page 4, records 301-400 of 498

Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium


ASU:Plants
Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners
ASU0087581Erin Manton   1942007-08-26
USA, Arizona, Apache, Escudilla Mountains, along road to Escudilla trailhead, 33.9184 -109.163, 2588m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
ASU0141225Darin Jenke   1662007-09-18
USA, Arizona, Maricopa, Salt River bed south of gate, on dry river bed., 33.3834 -112.234, 296m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
ASU0141297Theresa Price   5612006-09-29
USA, Arizona, Maricopa, Mt. Ord, at base of Mt. Ord Road (FSR 626) just past jct. with Hwy 87. In area where pavement widens to allow parking., 33.9234 -111.451, 1414m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
ASU0141292Theresa Price   5202006-09-09
USA, Arizona, Gila, Mt. Ord. Approx. 0.1 mi west of Highway 188 in Slate Creek bed, parallel to old FS Road 26., 33.9385 -111.318, 772m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
ASU0141298Theresa Price   4232006-08-05
USA, Arizona, Gila, Mt. Ord. Slate Creek just east of Highway 87. Approximately 50 yards past (east) of drainage culvert south of parking area/ pull-out area., 33.9588 -111.402, 977m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
Tom Bates, Donna Shorrock, Jackie White, Meg White   92006-04-21
USA, Arizona, La Paz, Santa Maria River floodplain upstream of the inflow of Date Creek, 34.3018 -113.462, 366m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
Andrea Hazelton   2792007-06-06
USA, Arizona, Maricopa, Hassayampa River south of Wickenburg off HWY 60 at upstream end of Preserve, Fireside, packet voucher, 33.9377 -112.701, 598m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
Donna Shorrock   2007-01-01
USA, Arizona, Pima, Santa Cruz River floodplain off Sahuarita Rd and I19, 31.962 -110.962, 820m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
ASU0141295Tom Bates   2006-09-10
USA, Arizona, La Paz, Santa Maria River floodplain upstream of the inflow of Date Creek, 34.3018 -113.462, 366m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
Meg White, Andrea Hazelton   2006-08-24
USA, Arizona, Maricopa, Hassayampa River south of Wickenburg off HWY 60 at upstream end of Preserve, 33.9377 -112.701, 598m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
Meg White, Andrea Hazelton   2005-06-08
USA, Arizona, Pima County, Santa Cruz River floodplain off Sahuarita Rd and I19, 31.962 -110.962, 820m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
ASU0141294Darin Jenke   5522008-09-22
USA, Arizona, Maricopa, West of 91 st Av. 1/4 mile near old home site., 33.3882 -112.264, 296m

ASU:Plants
ASU0116461Kathleen C. Rice   8901991-10-20
USA, Arizona, Pinal County, Tonto National Forest. Superstition Wilderness Area. Miles Ranch Trailhead, Forest Rd. 287, ca 12 miles from Hwy. 60 to Red Rock Spring Trailhead., 33.438214 -111.066242, 1341m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
ASU0141296Dawn Goldman   DG-472003-11-10
USA, Arizona, Maricopa, Flora of Calciferous Outcropping/Horseshoe Dam Maricopa County: Tonto National Forest, Lime Creek, 33.989 -111.735, 609m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
Andrea Hazelton   4482009-05-26
USA, Arizona, Yavapai, Soil propagule bank study; Soil collected in September 2008 from floodplain of upper Verde River at Campbell Ranch 0.5km downstream of the low flow gauge., 34.869 -112.399, 1285m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
ASU0141197A. Pierce   2391978-11-15
USA, Arizona, Maricopa, Hassayampa Quad 7.5 minute series in Buckeye Hills Recreation Area, 33.2881 -112.651, 305m

ASU:Plants
ASU0017158J. C. Semple   78591985-09-11
USA, Utah, Washington, W of Leeds on Silver Reef Rd.; 3.2 km into Dixie National Forest

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
ASU0020239Dixie Z. Damrel   27422004-10-05
USA, Arizona, Yavapai, Yavapai County: Agua Fria National Monument, Off Badger Springs Wash dirt road within the Borrow Pit area., 34.2304 -112.099, 951m

ASU:Plants
ASU0020986C. Casey   s.n.1997-07-09
USA, Arizona, Coconino, Grand Canyon, South Rim, Hull Cabin, Kaibab National Forest, 35.966327 -111.945699, 2164m

ASU:Plants
ASU0021254Hayden Houser   271995-07-23
Mexico, Baja California, Pai Pai Indian Reservation., 32.117624 -115.991077

ASU:Plants
ASU0021255Hayden Houser   311995-08-04
Mexico, Baja California, La Jolla Beach., 31.878225 -116.625478

ASU:Plants
ASU0021256Jon P. Rebman   21111994-01-31
Mexico, Baja California, Fracc. Playa Ensenada in Ensenada., 31.85 -116.6

ASU:Plants
ASU0021257David Keil   151611981-08-28
Mexico, Michoacán, Rte 37, 3 mi S of jctn with Rte 15., 20.136057 -102.074146, 2042m

ASU:Plants
ASU0021258Suzanne Kitchen   311968-06-26
Mexico, Oaxaca, Near Hiutzo., 17.25 -96.8667

ASU:Plants
ASU0021259A. Ventura A.   13061976-04-10
Mexico, Distrito Federal, San Lorenzo, delegacion de Milpa Alta., 19.18248 -99.027581, 2500m

ASU:Plants
ASU0021260David Keil   90231971-09-16
Mexico, Jalisco, 5 mi SE of jctn Mexico Federal Rte 70 on Mexico Federal Rte 15. 39 mi SE of Magdalena., 20.910276 -103.969513

ASU:Plants
ASU0021261Rafael Hernandez Magana   40981980-03-08
Mexico, Michoacan, Mpio. de Tingambato. 2 km al oeste de San Andrés Coru., 19.5 -101.866667, 1700m

ASU:Plants
ASU0021262D. J. Crawford   13611980-09-27
Mexico, Queretaro, 1 mile E of Carbonera on a dirt road to Zamorano., 20.806258 -100.172588, 2030m

ASU:Plants
ASU0021263F. Ventura A.   40671971-08-13
Mexico, Puebla, Zacatepec, Mpio. de Oriental., 19.266667 -97.533333, 2270m

ASU:Plants
ASU0021264F. González Medrano   18301980-08-29
Mexico, Oaxaca, 16 km al SE de Dominguillo, por la carretera Tehuacán-Oaxaca., 17.495326 -96.935081, 1400m

ASU:Plants
ASU0021265Robert K. Jansen   3811976-08-30
Mexico, Michoacan, Hwy 37 1 mile S of paracho., 19.635462 -102.066667, 2260m

ASU:Plants
ASU0021266D. J. Pinkava   53711968-06-11
Mexico, Coahuila, West side of town of Cuatro Ciénegas., 26.703022 -101.897401

ASU:Plants
ASU0021267E. Lehto   195191975-11-25
Mexico, Sinaloa, 1.4 mi NE El Cajon (11.3 mi NE Choix)., 26.775289 -108.226079, 640m

ASU:Plants
ASU0021268Jon Rebman   53801998-06-27
Mexico, Baja California, Sierra San Pedro Mártir, S of Vallecitos near Cerro la Botella Azul., 31.0056 -115.489, 2440m

ASU:Plants
ASU0021269Jon Rebman   32601996-06-25
Mexico, Baja California, Sierra San Pedro Mártir, ridgetop above and east of Vallecitos area., 30.9833 -115.433, 2600m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca mexicana V.L.Harms ex B.L.Turner
ASU0021270D. J. Pinkava   94151972-07-26
Mexico, Durango, Along Rte 40, 10.2 mi N of Durango and 1.7 mi S of Morillo., 24.140546539528 -104.592064619064

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca mucronata V.L.Harms ex B.L.Turner
ASU0021271M. C. Johnston   115711973-07-02
Mexico, Zacatecas, Sierra del Astillero (approached from southeast, from Tanque El Alto)., 24.5667 -101.15, 2500 - 3195m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
ASU0021272David Keil   133631979-09-04
Mexico, Chihuahua, SW of Nuevo Casas Grandes in Sierra Madre Occidental. At Rancho Wilson in Colonia Pacheco., 30.08481 -108.337799

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca sessiliflora (Nutt.) Shinners
ASU0021273Reid Moran   191181972-04-29
Mexico, Baja California, Local in dunes near mouth of Rio San Miguel, west of La Misión., 32.075 -116.867

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
ASU0021274T. R. Van Devender   93-14011993-11-26
Mexico, Sonora, Rancho la Sierrita (R. El Negrito), east slopes of the Sierra de Alamos, ca. 6 km (by air) south-southwest of Alamos., 27.0083 -109.006, 700m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
ASU0021275T. R. Van Devender   93-15041993-12-12
Mexico, Sonora, Ca. 1 km east of Mesa Colorada, 27.65 -108.892, 440m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners
ASU0021276James Henrickson   120051973-06-06
Mexico, Coahuila, Ca. 35 (air) miles W of Cuatro Ciénegas, in mid-Canyon de la Hacienda of Sierra de la Madera., 27.0833 -102.417, 1829m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca mucronata V.L.Harms ex B.L.Turner
ASU0021277James Henrickson   136331973-09-28
Mexico, Coahuila, Ca. 22 (air) miles WNW of Cuatro Ciénegas, in upper portion of limestone Canyon de la Hacienda, below 1st lumber camp in Sierra de la Madera., 27.0667 -102.417, 1524 - 1829m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca brandegei (Robinson & Greenm.) J.C.Semple
ASU0021278D. J. Pinkava   123391974-06-01
Mexico, Baja California, Living quarters area for Observatory at San Pedro Martir., 30.749754 -115.520029, 2896m

ASU:Plants
ASU0021279Geo. B. Hinton   186461983-01-18
Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Mpio. de Galeana. 18 de Marzo., 24.8198086565821 -100.073690414429, 2020m

ASU:Plants
ASU0021280Geo. B. Hinton   185281983-07-23
Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Mpio. de Galeana. SE Slope Potosi., 24.693872 -99.727417, 2250m

ASU:Plants
ASU0021281Geo. B. Hinton   185551983-08-09
Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Mpio. de Galeana. SW Potosi., 24.889428 -99.943205, 2180m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca mucronata V.L.Harms ex B.L.Turner
ASU0021282W. L. Minckley   s.n.1968-01-01
Mexico, Coahuila, Sierra Madera., 27.052786 -102.403666

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
ASU0141293John L. Anderson   2010-252010-09-18
USA, Arizona, Santa Cruz, Audubon Research Ranch, SW of swinging H Ranch, 1440m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca rutteri (Rothrock) Shinners
ASU0141183Liz Makings   
USA, Arizona, Cochise County, detailed locality information protected

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
ASU0141252Lyle A. McGill   61941995-05-09
USA, Arizona, Cochise County, Devil's Canyon, east of Benson; I-10 at Dragoon Road exit.

ASU:Plants
ASU0087426Sheila Murray   AZ932-902011-09-07
USA, Arizona, Coconino, Off Old Munds Highway, near disc golf course in Pumphouse wash., 35.11375 -111.6739, 2103m

ASU:Plants
ASU0060959F. M. Irish   
USA, Arizona, Maricopa, Tempe., 33.414 -111.908

ASU:Plants
ASU0060960F. M. Irish   1901-09-08
USA, Arizona, N of river.

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners
ASU0060961F. M. Irish   1910-07-26
USA, Arizona, Coconino, Flagstaff., 35.19806 -111.65056, 2140m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca arizonica (Semple) Nesom
ASU0087587Steve Jones   8381989-04-05
USA, Arizona, Maricopa, Four Peaks Wilderness. Cane Spring Canyon between Hidden Water Spring & Cottonwood Creek., 33.59 -111.44, 549m

ASU:Plants
J. C. Semple & B. Semple   10513-B1995-10-02
USA, New Mexico, Lincoln, Sierra Blanca, NM-532, roadway to Ski Resort, 8.5 miles from NM-48.

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca arizonica (Semple) Nesom
ASU0087555J. C. Semple & S. Heard   79231985-09-13
USA, Arizona, Gila, Northwest of Payson on AZ-87; 0.3 km of East Verde River.

ASU:Plants
ASU0087551J. C. Semple   103841993-10-16
USA, Arizona, Maricopa, Apache Trail (AZ-88), 1.8 miles east of Tortilla Flats, Superstition Mountains., 33.532411 -111.360241

ASU:Plants
ASU0087756J. C. Semple & S. Heard   79801985-09-16
USA, Arizona, Pima County, Mountain Lemmon, about MP-4 on Catalina Highway.

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca rutteri (Rothrock) Shinners
ASU0141200J. C. Semple   
USA, Arizona, Santa Cruz, detailed locality information protected

ASU:Plants
ASU0087424J. C. Semple   78901985-09-12
USA, Arizona, Coconino, US-89, 1.8 km east of Jacob Lake., 36.719651 -112.20045

ASU:Plants
ASU0087425J. C. Semple   90131987-10-03
USA, Arizona, Coconino, US-89, southern end of Coconino National Forest Recreation Area, Oak Creek Canyon., 34.912457 -111.726931, 1341m

ASU:Plants
ASU0087535J. C. Semple   79061985-09-13
USA, Arizona, Navajo, US-180, east of Holbrook, 3.8 km east of junction with AZ-77., 34.883261 -110.12024, 1524m

ASU:Plants
ASU0087427J. C. Semple   90111987-10-03
USA, Arizona, Coconino, US-89, just south of Pine Flat Campground, Oak Creek Canyon area., 35.011681 -111.739268, 1676m

ASU:Plants
ASU0087499J. C. Semple   79071985-09-13
USA, Arizona, Navajo, US-180, east of Holbrook, 3.8 km east of junction with AZ-77., 34.883261 -110.12024, 1524m

ASU:Plants
ASU0087503J. C. Semple   78961985-09-12
USA, Arizona, Coconino, 9.6 km east of Jacob Lake on US-89 alt., 36.738474 -112.123537

ASU:Plants
ASU0087662J. C. Semple   9005A1987-10-02
USA, Arizona, Coconino, Schultz Pass Road, off of US-180, north of Flagstaff., 35.242382 -111.665481

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners
ASU0087542J. C. Semple   90161987-10-03
USA, Arizona, Coconino, US-87, 3.8 km south of AZ-279., 34.439143 -111.492906

ASU:Plants
ASU0087534J. C. Semple   90261987-10-03
USA, Arizona, Navajo, US-60, 9.8 km southwest of AZ-77, southwest of Show Low., 34.204855 -110.082536

ASU:Plants
ASU0087663J. C. Semple   90171987-10-03
USA, Arizona, Gila, US-87, east end of Strawberry., 34.404061 -111.478376

ASU:Plants
ASU0087676J. C. Semple   90271987-10-03
USA, Arizona, Gila, US-60, 65.5 km southwest of AZ-77, southwest of Show Low, northeast of Salt River Canyon., 33.837585 -110.44009

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners
ASU0087579J. C. Semple   90181987-10-03
USA, Arizona, Gila, AZ-260, 40 km east of Payson., 34.302189 -110.905728

ASU:Plants
ASU0087666J. C. Semple   79141985-09-13
USA, Arizona, Coconino, Southwest of Winslow, AZ-87, 8.6 km southwest of Coconino National Forest boundary, northeast of Strawberry., 34.445 -111.45012

ASU:Plants
ASU0087529J. C. Semple   90241987-10-03
USA, Arizona, Navajo, US-60, 9.6 km southwest of AZ-77, southwest of Show Low., 34.204142 -110.084256

ASU:Plants
ASU0087505J. C. Semple   78991985-09-12
USA, Arizona, Coconino, 9.6 km east of Jacob Lake on US-89 alt., 36.738474 -112.123537

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca rutteri (Rothrock) Shinners
ASU0141176J. C. Semple   
USA, Arizona, Santa Cruz, detailed locality information protected

ASU:Plants
ASU0087501J. C. Semple   78951985-09-12
USA, Arizona, Coconino, 9.6 km east of Jacob Lake on US-89 alt., 36.739336 -112.124223

ASU:Plants
ASU0087429J. C. Semple   90091987-10-03
USA, Arizona, Coconino, US-89, just south of Oak Canyon Viewpoint., 35.029967 -111.733603

ASU:Plants
ASU0087668J. C. Semple   79161985-09-13
USA, Arizona, Coconino, 32.5 km northeast of Strawberry on AZ-87., 34.608514 -111.232572

ASU:Plants
ASU0087675J. C. Semple   104941995-09-29
USA, Arizona, Gila, South of Carrizo, US-60, 24.3 km south of AZ-73., 33.871755 -110.403733

ASU:Plants
ASU0087533J. C. Semple & B. Semple   104931995-09-29
USA, Arizona, Navajo County, US-60, 31.8 km south of AZ-260, southwest of Show Low on Apache Reservation., 34.011808 -110.242693

ASU:Plants
ASU0087532J. C. Semple   90231987-10-03
USA, Arizona, Navajo County, AZ-260, 37 km east of AZ-277, east of Heber 16.5 km east of Forest Lakes., 34.043552 -110.22685, 1920m

ASU:Plants
ASU0087528J. C. Semple   90221987-10-03
USA, Arizona, Navajo, 16.5 km east of Forest Lakes, 10 miles west of Heber., 34.378948 -110.675103

ASU:Plants
ASU0087527J. C. Semple   104921995-09-27
USA, Arizona, Navajo, US-60, 8.3 km south of AZ-260, southwest of Show Low., 34.201246 -110.08219

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca nitidula (Woot. & Standl.) Nesom
ASU0087451J. C. Semple   80211985-09-19
USA, Arizona, Apache, Eastern edge of Alpine on US-180., 33.843628 -109.133004, 2448m

ASU:Plants
ASU0087552J. C. Semple   104991995-09-30
USA, Arizona, Maricopa, Apache Trail (AZ-88), 2.7 km east of Tortilla Flats., 33.532554 -111.359597

ASU:Plants
ASU0087554J. C. Semple   103831993-10-16
USA, Arizona, Maricopa, 3.2 miles on AZ-88, southwest of bridge, east of Aracia, picnic site, 7.4 miles west of Tortilla Flats (MP-206)., 33.507122 -111.4584

ASU:Plants
ASU0087665J. C. Semple   79141985-09-13
USA, Arizona, Coconino, Southwest of Winslow, AZ-87, 8.6 km southwest of Coconino National Forest boundary, northeast of Strawberry., 34.4467 -111.45081

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca horrida (Rydb.) Harms
ASU0087515J. C. Semple   93661990-08-19
USA, Arizona, Apache, I-40, McCarrell Road, 3 miles west of Chambers., 35.160918 -109.4904

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca arizonica (Semple) Nesom
ASU0087588Ries Lindley   2712013-09-11
United States, Arizona, Pima, Tortolita Mountains, Rail X Ranch Rd. access, 32.5015 -111.0152, 1225m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
ASU0080750Steve Jones   18032013-09-27
United States, Arizona, Maricopa, McDowell Sonoran Preserve, Tom's Thumb trailhead parking area, 33.69564 -111.80092, 838m

ASU:Plants
Frankie S. Coburn   10852012-08-20
United States, Arizona, Yavapai County, In unamed canyon leading to Verde River; ca. 3.9mi east of Paulden., 34.880966 -112.399086, 1350m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
ASU0089085Richard Bond   4632006-10-09
United States, Arizona, Yavapai, R&S Ranch, West Clear Creek, West Clear Creek Flood Plain, north side of channel 1/2 mile east of confluence of WCC and Verde River Elevation 3100 ft. USGS, 34.51606 -111.821772, 975m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners
ASU0087548Richard Bond   5672006-10-09
United States, Arizona, Coconino, Coconino National Forest, Clear Creek Wilderness Area, Clover Spring trail head, down stream of Clover Spring along channel to Meadow at fork Turkey Tank channel, USGS Quad. LONG VALLEY, ARIZ, USDA Permit LOV0048, BOND, R, 34.552804 -111.398142, 2103m

ASU:Plants
ASU0087435Richard Bond   3982003-07-07
United States, Arizona, Coconino, Coconino National Forest, Clear Creek Wilderness Area, Forest Service, Rd. 81-E. USFS Trail #37 (Maxwell Trail), , USGS Quad. CALLOWAY BUTTE, ARIZ., 34.558293 -111.408786, 1829m

ASU:Plants
Richard Bond   1192002-06-29
United States, Arizona, Yavapai, Coconino National Forest, Clear Creek Wilderness Area, Forest Service Rd. 214-A, North Rim, USFS Trial #31 (Blodgett Basin) from rim (5800 ft.) to stream bottom ( 3800 ft.), Chaparral, arid grasses, Oak, Pinyon, juniper, cacti, USGS Quad. WALKER MTN, ARIZ. USDA Permit LOV0048, BOND, R, 34.560923 -111.648585, 1585m

ASU:Plants
ASU0082308Frankie S. Coburn   14402012-09-30
United States, Arizona, Yavapai County, Near Mormon Pocket springs along Verde River; ca. 9.6mi NW of Clarkdale., 34.890549 -112.137901, 1120m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca fulcrata (Greene) Shinners
ASU0082313Frankie S. Coburn   14862012-10-02
United States, Arizona, Yavapai County, Verde River at Perkinsville; ca. 200m downstream from the bridge, 34.897232 -112.203049, 1170m

ASU:Plants
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby
ASU0082762Frankie S. Coburn   9532012-08-08
United States, Arizona, Yavapai County, 0.25mi downstream from Bull Basin and 1.5 mi down from Rio Verde Ranch, 34.880482 -112.315033, 1250m


Page 4, records 301-400 of 498


Google Map

Google Maps is a web mapping service provided by Google that features a map that users can pan (by dragging the mouse) and zoom (by using the mouse wheel). Collection points are displayed as colored markers that when clicked on, displays the full information for that collection. When multiple species are queried (separated by semi-colons), different colored markers denote each individual species.

Google Earth (KML)

This creates an KML file that can be opened in the Google Earth mapping application. Note that you must have Google Earth installed on your computer to make use of this option.