Plants perennial; rhizomatous. Culms 30-100+ cm, terete, erect or
decumbent; nodes to 10, lowest 3 or 4 nodes often underground, aerial nodes
usually producing cleistogamous panicles; lowest internodes usually swollen.
Leaves mostly cauline; sheaths usually longer than the internodes,
smooth; ligules 6-15 mm; lower blades 5-25(40) cm long, 2-6 mm wide,
flat, rather lax; upper blades reduced, sometimes to 1 cm. Cleistogamous
panicles with 6-10 mm spikelets bearing 1-3 florets, lemmas unawned, sometimes
mucronate, anthers about 0.7 mm. Terminal panicles 6-27 cm, often partially
enclosed in the uppermost sheaths; branches 2-8 cm, ascending to drooping,
often sinuous; pedicels absent or to 10 mm. Spikelets 12-25 mm,
with 3-9 florets. Glumes 1/2-2/3 the length of the adjacent lemmas; lower
glumes 3.5-6.7 mm, 1-3-veined; upper glumes 5-8 mm, 3-5-veined; lemmas 5-11 mm, 7-9-veined, hispid or tuberculate, deeply bilobed, awned, awns 8-17 mm,
arising near the middle of the lemmas; paleas 4-6 mm, chartaceous, margins
scabrous to ciliolate distally; anthers 0.7-2 mm. 2n = unknown.
Amphibromus scabrivalvis is native to open grasslands of South America.
It was discovered growing in strawberry patches in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana
in the late 1950s. Despite efforts to eradicate it, the species persists there;
it is not known to have spread elsewhere. North American plants belong to A.
scabrivalvis (Trin.) Swallen var. scabrivalvis.
