Sporobolus heterolepis

Plants perennial; cespitose, not rhizomatous. Culms 30-80(90) cm. Sheaths dull and fibrous basally, glabrous or sparsely pilose below, hairs to 4 mm, contorted; ligules 0.1-0.3 mm; blades 7-31 cm long, 1.2-2.5 mm wide, flat to folded, glabrous abaxially, scabridulous adaxially, margins scabrous. Panicles 5-22(25) cm long, (0.6)1-11 cm wide, open to somewhat contracted, longer than wide, narrowly pyramidal, not diffuse; lower nodes with 1-2(3) branches; primary branches 0.6-8(11) cm, appressed or spreading to 70° from the rachis, not capillary, without spikelets on the lower 1/3; pedicels 0.8-6 mm, appressed, occasionally spreading. Spikelets 3-6 mm, plumbeous. Glumes unequal, lanceolate, membranous; lower glumes (1.2)1.8-4.5 mm; upper glumes 2.4-6 mm, at least 2/3 as long as the florets, occasionally 3-veined; lemmas (2.7)3-4.3 mm, ovate, membranous, glabrous, acute; paleas 3.1-4.5 mm, slightly longer than the lemmas, ovate, membranous, glabrous; anthers 1.7-3 mm, yellowish to purplish. Fruits 1.4-2.1 mm, pyriform to globose, indurate, without a loose pericarp, smooth, shining, light brown. 2n = 72.

Sporobolus heterolepis grows at elevations of 40-2250 m, in lowland and upland prairies, along the borders of woods, roadsides, and swamps, and in north-facing swales. It is associated with many plant communities, and is also available commercially as an ornamental. It is restricted to the Flora region.

Perennial tufted herb 30 cm - 0.34 m tall Leaves: having open, contorted sheaths that are dull and fibrous near the base and hairless to sparsely soft-haired (to 4 mm long) beneath. The ligules are made of hairs 0.1- 0.3 mm long, and the blades are 7 - 31 cm long, 1.2 - 2.5 mm wide, flat to folded, rough along the margins, hairless beneath, and minutely rough above. Inflorescence: terminal, branched (panicle), 5 - 25 cm long, 0.6 - 11 cm wide, narrow pyramidal, usually open, fragrant. The primary branches are 0.6 - 11 cm long, appressed or up to 70 degrees from the main axis, and lack spikelets on the lower third of the branch. Fruit: a shiny light brown caryopsis, 1.4 - 2.1 mm long, pear-shaped to spherical, hardened, smooth, and lacking a loose pericarp (wall of mature ovary). Culm: 30 cm - 0.9 m long, hairless. Spikelets: lead-colored, 3 - 6 mm long, borne on appressed or sometimes spreading stalks 0.8 - 6 mm long. Glumes: unequal, lance-shaped, and membranous. The lower glume is 1.2 - 4.5 mm long, and the upper glume is 2.4 - 6 mm long. Florets: usually one per spikelet, with yellowish to purplish anthers 1.7 - 3 mm long. Lemma: 2.7 - 4.3 mm long, egg-shaped with a pointed tip, membranous, hairless. Palea: 3.1 - 4.5 mm long, egg-shaped, membranous, hairless, two-veined, often splitting between the veins when mature.

Similar species: Sporobolus neglectus and Sporobolus vaginiflorus are annuals that are easily distinguished by their inflated sheaths. The spikelets of Sporobolus cryptandrus are less than 3 mm long. Sporobolus clandestinus and Sporobolus compositus var. compositus have narrow, spike-like, non-fragrant inflorescences with the bases surrounded by the uppermost leaf sheaths.

Flowering: early August to early September

Habitat and ecology: Characteristic of mesic and hill prairies.

Occurence in the Chicago region: native

Etymology: Sporobolus comes from the Greek words sporos, meaning seed, and ballein, meaning "to cast forth." Heterolepis means "with unequal glumes."

Author: The Morton Arboretum

Erect, tightly clustered perennial 4-10 dm; lvs very long, narrow, usually involute, crowded toward the base; panicle 1-2 dm נ1.5-3 cm, cylindric to narrowly ovoid, with whorled, ascending, mostly racemiform and basally naked branches, these and the pedicels irregularly interrupted by paler, slightly dilated segments; spikelets 3-6 mm; first glume half as long as the second, subulate above a broader base; second glume acuminate into a carinate or involute tip, usually slightly exceeding the lemma; palea usually slightly exceeding the lemma; fr globose, 1+ mm thick; 2n=72. Dry open ground, especially on prairies, often in slight depressions; O. to Sask. and Tex., e. occasionally to Pa., Conn., and Que.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

©The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. Used by permission.

From Flora of Indiana (1940) by Charles C. Deam

This species is infrequent to very local in a few of our northern counties. It is found in dry or moist prairie habitats.

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Indiana Coefficient of Conservatism: C = 10

Wetland Indicator Status: FACU