Scirpus congdonii

Plants spreading; rhizomes tough, slender. Culms: fertile ones upright or nearly so; nodes without axillary bulblets. Leaves 4-8 per culm; sheaths of proximal leaves green or brownish; proximal sheaths and blades with septa few, inconspicuous; blades 13-26 cm × 3-7 mm. Inflorescences terminal, rarely also with 1 lateral inflorescence from distal leaf axil; rays ascending to divaricate, smooth or weakly scaberulous near nodes, rays without axillary bulblets; bases of involucral bracts green or speckled with red or black-margined, not glutinous. Spikelets in dense clusters of 2-20 (largest cluster with 10 or more), spikelets sessile, ovoid or narrowly ovoid, 2.5-6 × 1-3 mm; scales black with pale midribs, elliptic to ovate, 1.5-2.7 mm, apex mucronate to short-awned, mucro or awn 0.2-0.4 mm. Flowers: perianth bristles persistent, 6, slender, contorted, much longer than achene and projecting beyond it, with scattered, often inconspicuous, antrorse teeth in distal 1/2, enclosed within scales or some bristles projecting; styles 3-fid. Achenes pale to medium brown, obovate or elliptic in outline, plumply trigonous or plano-convex, 0.9-1.3 × 0.6-0.8 mm.

Fruiting summer (Jul-Aug). Moist meadows; 600-3000 m; Calif., Nev., Oreg.