Selaginella selaginoides

Plants on rock or terrestrial, forming loose to dense mats. Stems not readily fragmenting, tips not upturned; creeping stems filiform, indeterminate, branching dichotomously; upright stems stout, unbranched (3--10 cm aboveground), terminating in simple strobili. Leaves green, lanceolate, 3--4.5 X 0.75--1.2 mm (smaller on horizontal stems, 1/3 less than those on upright stems); abaxial groove absent; base decurrent, forming saclike structure with stem; margins with soft spiny projections, 0.1--0.2 mm; apex acuminate to subulate. Strobili (1--)2--3(--5) cm; sporophylls lanceolate-triangular, 4.5--6 X 1.15--1.5 mm, lacking abaxial ridges. 2 n = 18.

Wet places, among mossy stream banks, lakeshores, bogs, and wet talus slopes, in neutral to alkaline soil; 600--2900(--3800) m; Greenland; St. Pierre and Miquelon; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon; Alaska, Colo., Idaho, Maine, Mich., Minn., Mont., Nev., N.Y., Wis., Wyo.; Eurasia; nw Africa in the Canary Islands.

Selaginella selaginoides is reported to have strobili with basal megasporangia and apical microsporangia (H. T. Horner Jr. and H. J. Arnott 1963). Some individuals, however, have megasporangia at the tip of the strobili. Selaginella selaginoides is generally thought to be a primitive member of the genus (F. O. Bower 1908; T. L. Phillips and G. A. Leisman 1966; R. M. Tryon 1955), but certain of its characteristics may be derived. It is unique in having an active megaspore dispersal mechanism, termed 'compression and slingshot megaspore ejection' (C. N. Page 1989), and it has a peculiar root position and development (E. E. Karrfalt 1981) probably found elsewhere only in the closely related species S . deflexa Brackenridge of Hawaii. Both features may be derived rather than primitive.

Sterile stems prostrate, mostly 2-5 cm, without rhizophores; fertile stems erect, 6-10(-20) cm, 0.4-0.5 mm thick (excl. lvs); lvs spirally arranged, ascending or spreading, thin, lanceolate, remotely spinulose-toothed, acuminate, not bristle-tipped, to 4 נ1 mm; cones subcylindric, mostly 1.5-3 cm, to 5 mm wide, the sporophylls mostly 10-ranked, larger and more prominently spinulose than the lvs; megaspores pale yellowish, 0.5 mm wide, with low tubercles on the commissural faces; 2n=18. Open rocks and wet banks; circumboreal, s. to N.S., n. Mich., n. Minn., and Nev.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

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