Sclerocactus whipplei

Stem usually unbranched, depressed-spheric, or spheric to elongate-cylindric, 3-7(-14) × 4-9(-11) cm; ribs 13-15, tubercles usually evident on ribs. Spines densely covering stem; radial spines (5-)7-12 per areole, white except for abaxial 2 that are usually purplish pink, 0.6-27 mm; central spines 4(-5) per areole, terete to angled; abaxial central spine 1 per areole, purplish pink or reddish brown, somewhat angled, hooked, 16-45(-55) × 0.5-1 mm; lateral central spines 2 per areole, directed toward stem apex, purplish pink to white, 14-45 × 0.5-1 mm; adaxial central spine white, usually flat, ribbonlike or dagger-shaped, 17-65(-70) × 1.5-2(-3) mm. Flowers funnelform to campanulate, (1.5-)2.2-3.2 × 1.5-3.5 cm; outer tepals with greenish or reddish midstripes and yellow margins, oblanceolate, to 24 × 5 mm; inner tepals yellow, oblanceolate, to 30 × 6 mm; filaments yellow; anthers yellow; ovary minutely papillate, appearing smooth. Fruits irregularly dehiscent, green to tan, often reddish at maturity, ovoid, 10-25 × 6-15 mm, dry; scales few, scarious margined, minutely toothed, membranous-fringed. Seeds black, 2 × 2 mm, shiny; testa with rounded papillae.

Flowering late Apr-May. Gravelly or sandy hills, canyon rims and mesas, desert grasslands, sagebrush or saltbush flats, or pinyon-juniper woodlands; 1500-1800 m; Ariz., Utah.

Sclerocactus whipplei, is one of the more distinctive species, characterized by yellow flowers and the flattened, somewhat daggerlike, adaxial central spine directed toward the stem apex. Similar species are S. sileri, of northeast Coconino County, Arizona , and the yellow-flowered populations of S. parviflorus, often referred to as subspecies terrae-canyonae (K. D. Heil) K. D. Heil & J. M. Porter. However, S. sileri lacks the daggerlike adaxial central spines, has fruits that dehisce by vertical slits and flowers that are usually a more pale yellow to nearly white, often suffused with brown. Sclerocactus parviflorus similarly lacks the daggerlike adaxial central spines and possesses larger stems and flowers.

Chloroplast DNA sequence data (J. M. Porter et al. 2000) support close relationships among Sclerocactus whipplei, S. parviflorus, and S. cloverae. Both S. whipplei and S. parviflorus possess identical DNA profiles for the gene studied.

Plant: STEMS: usually solitary, depressed-globose to elongate-cylindrical, 3-7(-14) cm long, 4-7(-11) cm in diameter; ribs 13-15, formed by confluent tubercles Leaves: SPINES densely covering the stem; central spines 4, the lower ones hooked, 1.6-4.5 cm long, 0.5-1 mm in diameter, purplish-pink or reddish-brown, somewhat angled in cross-section; the two lateral spines 1.4-4.5 cm long, mostly 1 mm in diameter, purplish-pink to white; the upper central 1.7-6.5 cm long, mostly 1.5-2(-2.5) mm wide, white, mostly flat, dagger-shaped; radial spines 5-12, 0.6-2.4 cm long, white except for the two lowermost, which are mostly purple-pink Flowers: 2.2-3.2 cm long, 1.5-2 cm in diameter; outer tepals oblanceolate, ca. 2 cm long, 5 mm broad, with greenish midribs and yellow margins; inner tepals oblanceolate, ca. 2.5 cm long, 6 mm broad, yellow; filaments yellow; style papillose, green or tinged with yellow; stigma lobes 5-6, light green Fruit: FRUITS 0.8-2.5 cm long, 0.6-1.5 mm in diameter, green or tan, usually reddish at maturity, ovoid with a few scarious-margined minutely toothed, membranous-fringed scales, dehiscing along an irregular cleft. SEEDS 2 mm long, 2 mm broad, 1.5 mm wide, pyriform, shiny black, papillose Misc: Gravelly and sandy hills, canyon rims and mesas in juniper, desert grassland, salt desertscrub and blackbrush communities; 1500-1850 m (5000-6000 ft); May-Jun REFERENCES: Heil, Kenneth D., and Mark J. Porter. 2001. Cactaceae. J. Ariz. - Nev. Acad. Sci. Volume 33(1)