Vines; rhizomes irregularly tuberous, branched, thick, to 1.5+ m. Stems perennial, climbing, greenish or reddish brown, terete, 10+ m × 27 mm, woody, glabrous, glaucous when young; prickles few, scattered, recurved, flattened, 3-4 mm. Leaves evergreen, distally disposed (± evenly disposed on immature plants); petiole 0.3-1.3 cm; blade deep green, often variegated, drying to pale green, lanceolate-elliptic to narrowly ovate, prominently reticulate, 5-veined from base, 5-6.6 × 1.7-3 cm, abaxially glabrous, not glaucous, base rounded to cuneate, margins entire to undulate, apex acuminate. Umbels many, axillary to leaves, 7-15-flowered, loose to dense, hemispherical to spherical; peduncle 0.5-2.3 cm. Flowers: perianth green; tepals 3-6 mm; anthers ± 1/5 as long as filaments; ovule 1 per locule; pedicel (0.3-)0.5-0.7(-1) cm. Berries black, globose to compressed, 5.5-8 mm, glaucous.
Flowering Jun--Jul. Rich woods, pinewoods, streambanks, edges of fields, swamp margins, ditches, well-drained but not dry soils; 0--600 m; Ala., Ark., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., La., Md., Miss., N.C., Okla., S.C., Tex., Va.
Smilax smallii is the highest-climbing species of Smilax within the flora and it is particularly conspicuous during the winter. It has been used as an ornamental and as a winter decoration, primarily in the Christmas trade. The starchy rhizomes and succulent, immature stems were used for food by Native Americans and early settlers.
