Sorghastrum nutans

Plants rhizomatous, rhizomes short, stout, scaly. Culms 50-240 cm tall, 1.5-4.5 mm thick, erect; internodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous or sparsely hispid; ligules 2-6 mm, usually with thick, pointed auricles; blades 10-70 cm long, 1-4 mm wide, usually glabrous. Panicles 20-75 cm, loosely contracted, yellowish to brownish; branches often flexible. Spikelets 5-8.7 mm. Calluses blunt, villous; lower glumes 5-8 mm, pubescent, 7-9-veined; upper glumes 5-8 mm, 5-veined; awns 10-22(30) mm, about 2-3 times longer than the spikelets, once-geniculate; anthers (2)3-5 mm. Caryopses 2-3 mm. Pedicels 3-6 mm, flexible. 2n = 20, 40, 80.

Sorghastrum nutans grows in a wide range of habitats, from prairies to woodlands, savannahs, and scrubland vegetation. It is native from Canada to Mexico, and was one of the four principal grasses of the tallgrass prairie that occupied the central United States prior to agricultural development of the region. It is frequently used for forage, for erosion control on slopes and along highways, and in restoration work. It is an attractive plant and can be used to advantage in flower arrangements. It grows readily from seed if adequate moisture is available. There are several cultivars on the market.

Perennial herb, bearing stout and scaly rhizomes 0.5 - 3.15 m tall Leaves: with hairless or sparsely stiff-haired sheaths, 2 - 6 mm long and membranous ligules, and usually hairless blades 10 cm - 0.7 m long and 1 - 4 mm wide. Inflorescence: branched (panicle), yellowish to brownish, 20 cm - 0.75 m tall, the branches usually flexible. Fruit: a caryopsis 2 - 3 mm long. Culm: erect, unbranched, 0.5 - 2.4 m long, 1.5 - 4.5 mm across, with hairy nodes and hairless internodes. Spikelets: usually stalkless, 5 - 8.7 mm long. Glumes: leather-like, 5 - 8 mm long, the hairy lower glume with seven to nine veins, the upper glume with five veins. Florets: having a lemma with a bent awn 1 - 3 cm long and anthers 2 - 5 mm long.

Similar species: No information at this time.

Flowering: early August to late September

Habitat and ecology: Common in prairies, this species also grows in sandy soils of open black oak savannas.

Occurence in the Chicago region: native

Etymology: Sorghastrum means "a poor imitation of Sorghum." Nutans means nodding.

Author: The Morton Arboretum

FNA 2007, Gould 1980

Common Name: Indiangrass Duration: Perennial Nativity: Native Lifeform: Graminoid General: Rhizomatous perennial from short, stout and scaly rhizomes, with erect slender stems 50-240 cm tall, 1.5-4.5 mm thick, with glabrous internodes. Vegetative: Sheaths glabrous or sparsely hispid, blades 10-70 cm long, 1-4 mm wide, usually glabrous, with membranous ligule 2-6 mm, usually with continuous collar, with few long hairs at margins and thick, pointed auricles. Inflorescence: Panicles 20-75 cm, loosely contracted, yellowish to brownish, branches often flexible; spikelets 5-9 mm, blunt calluses, villous; lower glumes 5-8 mm, pubescent, with 7-9 veins, upper glumes 5-8 mm, 5-veined, with awns 10-22 mm, about 2-3 times as long as the spikelets, once-geniculate. Ecology: Found in a variety of habitats, from dry slopes to moist canyons, to open sites from 4,500-6,500 ft (1372-1981 m); flowers July-October. Distribution: Much of North Amer. from AZ, north to Saskatchewan CAN and east to MN; south to s MEX and in S. Amer. Notes: Distinctive with its open panicle with delicate branches that are topped with pubescent glumes bearing a long and delicately crinkled awn, the pointed auricles, and rhizomotous habit. Ethnobotany: Unknown Etymology: Sorghastrum is derived from the genus Sorghum and astrum, the Latin suffix indicating inferiority or incomplete resemblance, while nutans means nodding or drooping. Synonyms: Andropogon nutans, Sorghastrum avanaceum Editor: SBuckley 2010, FSCoburn 2015

Culms 1-2.5 m, in loose tufts from short rhizomes, smooth except the sericeous nodes; sheaths glabrous to hirsute; ligule well developed, firm, continuous with the auricles; blades 5-10 mm wide; panicle 1-3 dm, narrow, freely branched, golden, the nodes and smaller branches ±villous; spikelets lanceolate, 6-8 mm, the first glume pale brown, villous; awn 9-15 mm, twisted below, bent at about a third of its length; sterile pedicels densely villous, 4-5.5 mm; 2n=20, 40, 80. Moist or dry prairies, open woods, and fields; throughout our range, s. to the Gulf, w. to Utah and Ariz. (S. avenaceum) An important constituent of the tall-grass prairies.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

©The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. Used by permission.

From Flora of Indiana (1940) by Charles C. Deam

This is essentially a prairie grass and is found in "oak openings" which are remnants of prairies. It is frequent throughout the state where prairie habitats occur and is rare or absent elsewhere. It is sometimes found in marshy places and its most common associate is Andropogon furcatus.

……

Indiana Coefficient of Conservatism: C = 4

Wetland Indicator Status: FACU

Deam (1929): I have heard a common name for this grass but once. I was making inquiry of an octogenarian in Harrison County about the vegetation of the "barrens" when he was a boy. He told me that it consisted of scrub oaks, hazel, wild plum, and Indian grass. I was directed to a place where some of the Indian grass still persisted, and I found it to be Sorghastrum nutans.