Perennial from a stout root, 2-4 dm, cymosely branched above the middle; lvs below the first branches few, sessile, oval to rotund, to 1 cm, or scale-like; lvs subtending the branches opposite or in 3's, those of the branches opposite, all ciliate, narrowly ovate, 3-6 cm, obtuse or subacute, rounded at base, on petioles 2-6 mm; involucres few, terminating the axis at each fork, on pedicels 1-3(-5) cm; appendages forming a narrow, undulate-marginal white rim on the glands. Rich soil on wooded slopes of ravines; Cumberland Plateau region from s. Ky. to n. Ala. and nw. Ga. Apr.-June. (Tithymalopsis m.)

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

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