Annual, 3-7 dm, commonly with many branches below the umbel; cauline lvs oblanceolate, 2-5 cm, mostly acute, finely serrulate, sessile or nearly so, tapering to a narrow or subcordate base, often sparsely villous beneath; lvs subtending the umbel shorter and broader, those of the umbel depressed-ovate to subrotund; rays of the primary umbel commonly 5; involucres 1.5 mm, almost always finely villous; styles united at base, each branch bifid a fifth its length; fr 3 mm; 2n=28. Native of Europe; intr. in waste places here and there in our range. June-Sept. (Tithymalus p.; Galarhoeus p.)

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

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