Thinopyrum intermedium

Plants rhizomatous, often glaucous. Culms 52-115 cm, glabrous or hairy, sometimes hairy only on the nodes, lowest internode plus sheath about 3 mm thick. Sheaths mostly glabrous, often ciliate on the margins; auricles 0.5-1.3 mm; ligules 0.1-0.8 mm; blades 2-8 mm wide, flat, abaxial surfaces glabrous, adaxial surfaces usually sparsely strigose, sometimes also with shorter pubescence, 7-30-ribbed, ribs not prominent, margins whitish, thicker than the veins. Spikes 8-21 cm, erect or lax; middle internodes 7-12 mm; rachises pubescent, not disarticulating at maturity. Spikelets 11-18 mm, with 3-10 florets. Glumes oblong, weakly keeled distally, glabrous and mostly smooth or strigose with 1-1.5 mm hairs, hairs usually evenly distributed, keels scabrous, at least distally, midvein usually more prominent and longer than the lateral veins, margins not hyaline or hyaline near the apices, apices obliquely truncate or obtuse to acute, sometimes mucronate; lower glumes 4.5-7.5 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, 5-6-veined; upper glumes 5.5-8 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, 5-7-veined; lowest lemmas 7.5-10 mm, glabrous or with 1-1.5 mm hairs, hairs usually evenly distributed, sometimes only on the outer portion of the lemmas, apices occasionally awned, awns to 5 mm; paleas 7-9.5 mm, keels usually ciliate for 1/2 of their length; anthers 5-7 mm. 2n = 42, 43.

Thinopyrum intermedium is native to Europe and western Asia. It has been widely introduced in western North America for erosion control, revegetation, forage, and hay. One of its advantages for erosion control and revegetation is that it establishes rapidly in many different habitats. In its native range, it grows in dry areas with sandy or stony soils. In Europe, it forms sterile hybrids with Elymus repens; no such hybrids are known from North America.

Several subspecies have been recognized within Thinopyrum intermedium, usually based on differences in vestiture of the glumes and lemmas, presence or absence of lemma awns, and color of the plants. Assadi (1994) commented that there was little correlation between the different character states. He grew seeds from several wild plants and, even when most of the offspring resembled the parent plant, there was often segregation of other variants. Crossing experiments showed that hybrids between the morphological variants were fertile and usually had regular meiosis. He noted, however, that the plants with glabrous spikelets tended to grow in mesophytic habitats, those with hairy glumes and lemmas on dry slopes, and those with ciliate glumes and lemmas at the edges of fields and in wet places. This difference in habitat preference was reiterated by Ogle (2001). Because of this ecological distinction, they are formally recognized here as subspecies. Plants with hairs only on the outer edges of their lemmas are included under T. intemedium subsp. intermedium. They may be derived from crosses between the hairy and glabrous plants, a possibility that has not been experimentally evaluated. There seems to be little correlation between spikelet vestiture and that of the leaves and stems.

Common Name: intermediate wheatgrass Duration: Perennial Nativity: Non-Native Lifeform: Graminoid Synonyms: Agropyron intermedium, Agropyron intermedium var. trichophorum, Agropyron trichophorum, Elymus hispidus, Elymus hispidus var. ruthenicus, Elymus hispidus ssp. barbulatus, Elytrigia intermedia, Elytrigia intermedia ssp. barbulata, Elytrigia intermedia ssp.