Plant: robust annual herb; to 1 m tall (or more), the stems stellate-tomentose, an agricultural and garden weed Leaves: broadly ovate to suborbicular, 8-15 cm long, crenulate, softly pubescent INFLORESCENCE: flowers usually solitary in the leaf axils Flowers: calyx ca. 10 mm long; petals 8-13 mm long; staminal column shorter than petals, glabrous; styles 13-15. Fruit: FRUITS a schizocarp, 2 cm diameter, hirsute; mericarps 13-15, apically spinescent (spines 3-6 mm long). SEEDS 3-4 mm long, minutely puberulent Misc: 300-750 m (1000-2500 ft); Jun-Sep Notes: Involucle absent.Leaves velvety-pubescent with stellate or tomentose hairs.Sap is mucilaginous. References: Kearney & Peebles; Arizona Flora. Hickman ed., The Jepson Manual. ASU specimans REFERENCES: Fryxell, Paul A. 1994. Malvaceae. J. Ariz. - Nev. Acad. Sci. Volume 27(2), 222-236.

Annual herb 0.5 - 1.5 m tall Stem: stout, erect, branching, and softly-hairy throughout with forked or branched hairs. Leaves: long-stalked, densely velvety-hairy, about as wide as long (10 - 20 cm), broadly heart-shaped, and often with tiny, sharp teeth along the edges. Inflorescence: of stalked flowers in small branching clusters in the upper leaf axils, or the flowers single. There are no subtending bracts below each flower. Flowers: yellow, 1.5 - 4 cm wide, radially symmetric, somewhat broadly cup-shaped. Sepals: five, but fused for about half their length, then separating into broadly triangular lobes. The tube and lobes are both covered with a mixture of branched and unbranched hairs over 0.5 mm long. Petals: five, yellow, 0.7 - 1.3 cm long, narrow at the base, and wide at the tip. Stamens: numerous, but the filaments united into a tube for half their length, with the anthers protruding above. Pistil: enclosed by the stamen tube, with one superior ovary, the style coming up through the stamen tube's center, then branching above into ten to fifteen, rounded stigmas. Fruit: a 2 - 3 cm diameter ring of ten to fifteen, black, hardened, hairy, at least three-seeded, oblong or oval segments (mericarps) with a pointed, 4 - 5 mm long beak at the tip. The entire ring of fruit segments is surrounded by the persistent sepals, and falls as a whole structure, not separating from the central axis of the flower, nor separating into the individual segments.

Similar species: Abutilon theophrasti may be similar to some species in the genera Althaea, Malva, or even some small plants of Hibiscus, but all species in those genera have a series of bracts located just below the sepals of each flower. Other genera in the Malvaceae family that also lack these "sub-sepal" bracts have other distinctive differences from A. theophrasti. Napaea has lobed leaves, and smaller flowers in tighter clusters. Similarly, the leaves of Sida are either lobed, smaller, or longer than wide, and in our single species in the Chicago Region, the fruit sections have two beaks. The flowers of Anoda are different since they are normally bluish in color, but the leaves are also longer than wide.

Flowering: July to October

Habitat and ecology: Very common in cultivated fields, gardens, waste ground, and disturbed soil, typically in full sun.

Occurence in the Chicago region: non-native

Notes: This plant was brought over to North America from Asia, where it is an important plant for harvesting fibers (especially in northern China). It is now a nuisance weed for farmers of corn and soybean.

Author: The Field Museum

From Flora of Indiana (1940) by Charles C. Deam

A frequent to common weed found throughout the state. It is found in cultivated grounds, stubble fields, open woodland, and waste places, and along roadsides and railroads.

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Indiana Coefficient of Conservatism: C = null, non-native

Wetland Indicator Status: FACU/UPL

Diagnostic Traits: Leaves alternate, heart-shaped, velvety; flowers yellow, stamens numerous in a column; fruits 10-15 wedge-shaped sections each with a spinose tip, arranged in a 2-3 cm ring.