Plants normally unbranched. Stems pale gray-green to bright gray-blue, flat-topped or hemi-spheric and deep-seated in sub-strate, spheric with age or stoutly short cylindric (remaining hemi-spheric at high elevations), 4-25(-45) × 8-15(-20) cm; ribs (7-)8(-9), vertical to helically curving around stem, rib crests broadly rounded, uninterrupted or slightly constricted between areoles. Spines (5-)8(-10) per areole, loosely projecting or strongly decurved, pink, gray, tan, or brown, strongly annulate-ridged, subulate, ± flattened, glabrous, generally not hiding stem surface; radial spines 5(-8) per areole, similar to central spines; central spines 1(-3) per areole, 18-43 × 1-2.5(-3) mm, longest spine usually descending, straight or decurved throughout its length. Flowers 5-7 × 5-6.5(-9.5) cm; inner tepals bright rose-pink or magenta, color ± uniform from base to apex, 3 × 1.5 cm, margins entire to serrate; stigma lobes pinkish to olive. Fruits indehiscent or weakly dehiscent through basal abscission pore, pink or red, spheric to ovoid-cylindric, surfaces partly or entirely hidden by hairs from axils of scales and long areolar hairs of stem apex, usually quickly drying to tan shell before seed dispersal, 10-30 mm; scales several, tips dark, spinelike, glabrous. Seeds black or gray, angular or slightly wrinkled, spheric to obovoid, 2-3 mm; testa cell surfaces slightly convex, with weak network pattern of slightly protruding anticlinal cell walls. 2n = 22.

Flowering Apr-Sep. Arid rocky slopes, primarily limestone; 600-1700(-2500) m; Ariz., N.Mex., Tex.; Mexico.

The Sonoran Desert populations of Echinocactus horizonthalonius have been segregated as var. nicholii, but are relatively similar to plants in New Mexico and extreme western Texas. Much greater morphologic diversity exists farther east and in Mexico, where shorter-spined, nearly flat-topped plants, which are more distinctive than the Sonoran Desert populations, have escaped taxonomic distinction.

Plant: Small barrel cactus to 40 cm tall. STEM typically solitary at maturity, subglobose to cylindric, blue-green, ashy-green, or purplish, to 20 cm in diameter; ribs 8, these rounded, vertical or occasionally spiraled. AREOLES generally circular, 5-15 mm in diameter, 5-30 mm apart along the rib Leaves: SPINES pinkish-gray to ashy-white or black, glabrous, 6-9 per areole, rigid, terete to horizontally flattened, annulate; central spines 1-3, 2-5 cm long, often poorly distinguished from radial spines Flowers: apical, 4-7 cm long, 3-8 cm wide; floral tube (to 2 cm long) and ovary with grayish to black spine-like scales; outer tepals pink to magenta, with spinose tips brown to black; inner tepals pink to magenta, margins often fimbriate, to 3 cm long; stamen filaments white; the style and stigma lobes pink Fruit: 1-3 cm long, scales sometimes largely hidden by trichomes. SEEDS black, wrinkled and minutely papillate, 2.5-2.8 mm long Misc: Limestone hills; 1000-1150 m (3300-3800 ft.); June REFERENCES: Chamberland, Michael. 1995. Cactaceae Part 2. Echinocacrus. J. Ariz. - Nev. Acad. Sci. 29(1): 2, 13.