Resembling no. 9 [Eupatorium rugosum Houttuyn.], and not always sharply distinct, avg smaller, seldom over 8 dm, and with shorter, firmer, more generally distributed pubescence; lvs relatively thick and firm, obtuse or acute, crenate or crenate-serrate, 3-7(-10) נ2-5 cm, more than 4 times as long as the short petiole; invol bracts obtuse or rounded to acute; fls mostly 10-19 per head, the cor-lobes commonly villous externally, at least near the tip; 2n=34. Dry woods, especially in sandy soil; Mass. to Fla., w. to s. O., Ky., Tenn., and e. La. Aug.-Oct.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

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