Sphagnum contortum

Plants moderate to small-sized, weak-stemmed to spawling; green, yellow-green to golden brown; capitulum usually large and flat with curved branches; green, yellow-green, or golden brown. Stems pale green to light brown, rarely dark brown; superficial cortex of 2-3 layers of enlarged, thin-walled cells. Stem leaves triangular-lingulate to lingulate, 0.7-1.4 mm; apex rounded-obtuse and weakly denticulate; hyaline cells nonseptate, mostly efibrillose, and, if porose, with more pores per cell on the concave surface (3-6) than on the convex surface (0-2). Branches somewhat curved, leaves spreading. Branch fascicles with 2-3 spreading and 2-3(4) pendent branches. Branch leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.2-2 mm; subsecund; hyaline cells with numerous tiny pores in a continuous line along the commissures on the convex surface, no or scattered pores on the concave surface. Sexual condition dioicous. Capsule exserted, with scattered pseudo-stomata. Spores 22-28 µm; papillose on both surfaces; proximal laesurae more than 0.5 spore radius.

Very minerotrophic, sometimes found in slightly basic mires; intolerant of shade; low to moderate elevations; Alta., B.C., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont., Que.; Alaska, Calif., Colo., Conn., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., Vt., Wash., W.Va., Wis.; Eurasia.

Sporophytes are rare in Sphagnum contortum. This species is often associated with S. warnstorfii, S. centrale, Campylium stellatum, and Calliergonella cuspidata. The relatively small size, curved capitulum branches, and loosely spreading, subsecund branch leaves separate this species along with S. subsecundum. See also discussion under 61. S. platyphyllum.