EcoFlora - Viola

Viola
Family: Violaceae Max Licher	VPAP Gleason & Cronquist Resources JANAS 33(1) PLANT: Caulescent or acaulescent annual or perennial herbs. LEAVES: simple, dissected or compound, basal, cauline or both, stipulate, petiolate, alternate or opposite. INFLORESCENCE: flowers solitary, axillary or scapose. FLOWERS: sepals subequal, auriculate at base; petals unequal, the lower petal shorter or longer than others, the base elongated into a spur or gibbous on underside; lateral 2 petals generally spreading, generally bearded at base; upper 2 petals equal, erect or spreading; lower 2 stamens with nectaries projecting into the spur or sac; cleistogamous flowers present in many spp. FRUITS: ovoid to oblong, glabrous or hairy. SEEDS ca. 15‑20, usually ovoid, with a prominent caruncle. NOTES: Ca. 400 spp.; worldwide. (Latin: Viola, a classical name.) Clausen, J. 1964. Madroño 17:173‑197. REFERENCES: Little, R. John. Violaceae. 2001. J. Ariz. - Nev. Acad. Sci. Volume 33(1). Vascular plants of NE US and adjacent Canada Sep usually with posterior auricles; pet somewhat unequal, the 2 lateral ones often bearded internally at the base, the lower one usually with a basal spur or sac and sometimes bearded at the throat; stamens 5, the 2 lowermost bearing appendages that extend into the spur of the lower pet; ours herbs with axillary or basal 1-fld peduncles bearing 2 small bracts near the middle. Most spp. produce normal petaliferous fls in spring, and very fertile cleistogamous fls in summer. All spp. with cyanic (rather than yellow) fls produce occasional white-fld forms. Hybrids between closely related spp. are common, and spp. 3-8 form an intergrading polyploid complex. 400, mainly N. Temp. Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp. ©The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. Used by permission.
Species within checklist: NAU-Yuma BSC 414 \|\| << 1 - 50 taxa >> Viola aberrans Map not Available Viola abyssinica Map not Available Viola acuminata Map not Available Viola acutifolia Map not Available Viola adunca Map not Available Viola aduncoides Media not available Map not Available Viola aethnensis Media not available Map not Available Viola aetolica Map not Available Viola affinis Map not Available Viola alba Map not Available Viola albida Media not available Map not Available Viola alpina Map not Available Viola altaica Map not Available Viola ambigua Map not Available Viola amoena Map not Available Viola ampliata Map not Available Viola anagae Media not available Map not Available Viola angellae Map not Available Viola angelliae Map not Available Viola appalachiensis Map not Available Viola arborescens Map not Available Viola arcuata Map not Available Viola arenaria Map not Available Viola arguta Map not Available Viola arizonica Map not Available Viola arsenica Map not Available Viola arvensis Map not Available Viola asarifolia Map not Available Viola atlantica Map not Available Viola attenuata Map not Available Viola aurea Map not Available Viola bakeri Map not Available Viola bangii Map not Available Viola barroetana Map not Available Viola baxteri Map not Available Viola beckwithii Map not Available Viola bellidifolia Map not Available Viola bernardii Map not Available Viola bertolonii Map not Available Viola betonicifolia Map not Available Viola bicolor Map not Available Viola biflora Map not Available Viola bissellii Map not Available Viola biternata Map not Available Viola blanda Map not Available Viola boissieuana Media not available Map not Available Viola boliviana Map not Available Viola brevistipulata Map not Available Viola bridgesii Map not Available Viola brittoniana Map not Available