Carex annectens

Culms to 75 cm × 2 mm, scabrous. Leaves: sheath fronts indistinctly spotted pale brown or red, apex convex, membranous, rugose; ligule rounded, to 3 mm, free limb to 0.2 mm; blades 60 cm × 5 mm, shorter than flowering stem. Inflorescences spicate, 4-7 cm × 15 mm, with 10-15 branches, proximal usually distinct; proximal internodes to 1.5 cm; bracts setaceous, proximal 1-3 conspicuous, distal bracts scalelike. Scales hyaline, red-brown with narrow colorless margins, awn to 1.5 mm. Perigynia golden brown, 3-veined abaxially, body broadly elliptic to ovate, 2.2-3 × 1.5-2.2 mm, base rounded; beak 0.5-1.2 mm, 1/3 length of body. Achenes red-brown, circular, 1.2-1.5 × 1-1.2 mm, glossy.

Fruiting Jul-Aug. Dry to moist, often calcareous soils in open habitats, mesic to wet meadows; 0-1500 m; Ont., Que.; Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Carex annectens is similar in appearance to C. vulpinoidea, but can readily be distinguished by the flowering stems longer than the leaves and the orange-yellow perigynia that are usually ovate to suborbicular and short-beaked. Furthermore, that species is ecologically distinct and grows in open, dry to moist soils; C. vulpinoidea prefers wetter soils. It may be closely related to C. triangularis, which differs in having wider perigynia with red crystalline inclusions. Some authors recognize two taxa within the species (C. annectens var. annectans and var. xanthocarpa), distinguished by differences in perigynium color, inflorescence compactness, and pistillate scale awn length. All those characters appear to vary independently and within the same plant. Further detailed study may clarify patterns of biological variation within the taxon.

From Flora of Indiana (1940) by Charles C. Deam

Fairly common in the southern counties; infrequent in northern Indiana. In southern Indiana it occurs most commonly in low flat woods although it is frequently found in wet fallow clay fields; in the northern counties it is usually in marshes or pastures. [Deam's Manual includes variety xanthocarpa, a form described as having perigynia usually less than 2 mm wide and nerveless dorsally.] Known in Indiana from a single collection: Deam no. 42927, in a low place in an open post oak flat south of Half Moon Pond, 10 miles southwest of Mt. Vernon, Posey County. The report from Knox County by Deam was based upon a collection determined by Mackenzie as C. brachyglossa but the specimen should be referred to C. annectens.

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Indiana Coefficient of Conservatism: C = 3

Wetland Indicator Status: FACW