Polystichum andersonii

Stems erect. Leaves monomorphic, arching, 3--10 dm; bulblets 1 or more, on distal 1/3 of rachis. Petiole 1/8--1/4 length of leaf, densely scaly; scales light brown, diminishing in size distally. Blade lanceolate, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid; base narrowed. Pinnae lanceolate-falcate, proximal pinnae ± triangular, not overlapping, in 1 plane, 2--10 cm; base oblique, acroscopic auricle well developed; margins incised to costae, segments adnate to costa for at least 2 mm, serrulate-spiny with teeth ascending; apex acute with subapical and apical teeth same size; microscales filiform, with contorted projections, dense abaxially, sparse adaxially. Indusia sparsely ciliate. Spores light brown to brown. 2 n = 164.

Lowland coastal to midmontane forests; interior moist forests; 100--1700 m; B.C.; Alaska, Idaho, Mont., Oreg., Wash.

Polystichum andersonii is an allotetraploid (D. H. Wagner 1979); its diploid parents are P . munitum and P . kwakiutlii . The triploid cross, P . munitum × andersonii , has been analyzed cytologically (W. H. Wagner Jr. 1973). It is the only sterile hybrid in the genus that develops large colonies through vegetative propagation by its bulblets. Hybrids look very much like some of the more deeply incised forms of Polystichum munitum except that they have abundant filiform scales, abortive sori, and nearly triangular lowermost pinnae with ± equally incised acroscopic and basiscopic auricles.