Rhizomatous perennial to 1 m; cauline lvs lance-oblong or oblong, 5-10 נ1-2 cm, sessile and often somewhat clasping, shining above, distinctly pinnately veined, the evident lateral veins leaving the midrib at angles of 45-90л lvs subtending the umbel shorter, ovate; lvs of the umbel broadly round-deltoid; involucres 2.5 mm; fr 3.5-4 mm; seeds 2.5-3 mm; 2n=36. Native of Europe, rarely established as a weed in our range. (E. agraria, misapplied; Tithymalus l.; Galarhoeus l.)

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

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