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Cannabaceae

Cannabaceae
Cannabaceae image
Max Licher
  • FNA
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Ernest Small in Flora of North America (vol. 3)
Herbs , annual or perennial, taprooted or rhizomatous, erect or twining, aromatic, pubescent with small glands and hairs, hairs with or without cystoliths (structures within cells with basal calcium carbonate concretions or crystals). Stems usually branched, usually ridged or furrowed. Leaves decussate proximally, often alternate distally, simple to palmately lobed or compound, petiolate; stipules persistent, triangular. Leaf blade: margins serrate. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, bracteate; staminate inflorescences compound cymes or panicles, loose, erect or somewhat pendent; pistillate inflorescences spikes, pseudospikes, or racemes. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate usually on different plants, when on same plants (in some populations and cultivars), then staminate flowers produced before pistillate flowers, transitional-bisexual flowers sometimes occurring. Staminate flowers 20-200+, pedicellate; sepals 5, hypogynous, greenish or whitish; stamens 5, hypogynous, opposite sepals; anthers dehiscing longitudinally and basipetally. Pistillate flowers 10-50, often paired, pairs often interpreted as cymes, subsessile, tightly covered or loosely subtended by bract or bracteole; perianth a thin undivided layer adhering to ovary, obscure; pistil 1, usually 2-carpellate; ovary superior, 1-locular; ovule 1 per locule; style short, apical; stigma 2-branched, long, filiform. Fruits achenes, crustaceous, covered loosely or tightly by persistent, accrescent perianth. Seeds fleshy; endosperm little; embryo curved or coiled.

Genera in Cannabaceae have sometimes been included in Moraceae (H. A. Gleason 1968); M. L. Fernald (1950) placed them in a separate family, Cannabinaceae.

Cannabaceae are wind pollinated. They are indigenous to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, widely cultivated, often introduced, and often ruderal.

Cystoliths, including those of Cannabis sativa , are frequently used in police laboratories to make positive identification of leaf fragments.

JANAS 32(1)
PLANT: Herbs, erect or scandent, annual or perennial, dioecious or monoe¬cious, usually pubescent, often with glandular, aromatic hairs. LEAVES: opposite, occasionally alternate distally, palmately compound or lobed, rarely simple and unlobed, the margins serrate. INFLORESCENCE: cymes, panicles,or spike-like, axillary or terminal, erect or pendant; staminate inflorescences loose, many-flowered; pistillate inflorescences few flowered, compact spike-like clusters. FLOWERS: small, bracteate, the petals 0; staminate flowers pedicellate, the sepals 5, the stamens 5; pistillate flowers subsessile, often paired, the sepals fused as a tube enclosing the superior ovary, the pistil 2-carpelled, 1-loculed, the style short, the stigmas 2, filiform. FRUITS: achene-like nutlets. SEEDS: 1. NOTES: 2 genera; 4 spp.; N. Temperate areas. Economically impor¬tant as source of hops (Humulus) and hemp (Cannabis). Small, E. 1997. Cannabaceae. Flora N. Amer. 3:381-387. REFERENCES: Mason, Charles T., Jr. 1999. Cannabaceae. Ariz. - Nev. Acad. Sci. 32(1).
Species within checklist: NYC EcoFlora - Historical and rare collections (version Aug 2018) || << 1 - 50 taxa >>
Aphananthe aspera
Media resource of Aphananthe aspera
Aphananthe cuspidata
Media resource of Aphananthe cuspidata
Aphananthe monoica
Media resource of Aphananthe monoica
Aphananthe philippinensis
Media resource of Aphananthe philippinensis
Cannabis sativa
Media resource of Cannabis sativa
Celtis adolfi-friderici
Media
not available
Celtis africana
Media resource of Celtis africana
Celtis australis
Media resource of Celtis australis
Celtis berlandieri
Media resource of Celtis berlandieri
Celtis berteroana
Media
not available
Celtis biondii
Media resource of Celtis biondii
Celtis boliviensis
Media
not available
Celtis brasiliensis
Media resource of Celtis brasiliensis
Celtis bungeana
Media resource of Celtis bungeana
Celtis caucasica
Media resource of Celtis caucasica
Celtis caudata
Media resource of Celtis caudata
Celtis chichape
Media resource of Celtis chichape
Celtis choseniana
Media resource of Celtis choseniana
Celtis crassifolia
Media resource of Celtis crassifolia
Celtis ehrenbergiana
Media resource of Celtis ehrenbergiana
Celtis georgiana
Media resource of Celtis georgiana
Celtis glabrata
Media resource of Celtis glabrata
Celtis gomphophylla
Media resource of Celtis gomphophylla
Celtis harperi
Media resource of Celtis harperi
Celtis hildebrandii
Media
not available
Celtis hottlei
Media
not available
Celtis iguanaea
Media resource of Celtis iguanaea
Celtis jamaicensis
Media
not available
Celtis jessoensis
Media resource of Celtis jessoensis
Celtis koraiensis
Media resource of Celtis koraiensis
Celtis labilis
Media resource of Celtis labilis
Celtis laevigata
Media resource of Celtis laevigata
Celtis latifolia
Media resource of Celtis latifolia
Celtis lindheimeri
Media resource of Celtis lindheimeri
Celtis loxensis
Media
not available
Celtis luzonica
Media resource of Celtis luzonica
Celtis madagascariensis
Media resource of Celtis madagascariensis
Celtis mildbraedii
Media resource of Celtis mildbraedii
Celtis mississippiensis
Media resource of Celtis mississippiensis
Celtis monoica
Media resource of Celtis monoica
Celtis occidentalis
Media resource of Celtis occidentalis
Celtis pacifica
Media resource of Celtis pacifica
Celtis pallida
Media resource of Celtis pallida
Celtis paniculata
Media
not available
Celtis philippensis
Media resource of Celtis philippensis
Celtis philippinensis
Media resource of Celtis philippinensis
Celtis planchoniana
Media
not available
Celtis pubescens
Media resource of Celtis pubescens
Celtis pumila pursh
Media resource of Celtis pumila pursh
Celtis reticulata
Media resource of Celtis reticulata
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