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Burmanniaceae

Burmanniaceae
Burmanniaceae image
Nathanael Pilla
  • FNA
  • Resources
Deborah Q. Lewis in Flora of North America (vol. 26)
Herbs, annual or perennial, mycotrophic and white or purplish, or autotrophic and green. Roots subterranean, mycorrhizal, filiform or stoutly terete. Stems monopodial, unbranched or with few branches, erect, slender; rhizomes present or absent. Leaves present or absent, cauline or basal, alternate, simple, sessile, often scalelike, margins entire; stipules absent. Inflorescences terminal cymes, sometimes appearing racemose or capitate, or flowers solitary; each flower subtended by scalelike floral bract. Flowers: tepals 6, partially or wholly connate, tube persistent or caducous in fruit, limb lobes 3 in 1 whorl or 6 in 2 whorls, greenish, purple, or white, sometimes blue-tinged, often ribbed or winged, throat with or without annulus; stamens 3 or 6, sessile or subsessile; pollen sacs separated on appendaged connective or connective broadened and connate, forming ring proximal to annulus; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1- or 3-locular; placentation parietal or axile; ovules numerous; style 1, 3-branched apically; stigmas 3. Fruits capsules, ovoid, obconic, or cup-shaped; dehiscence transverse, longitudinal by 3 valves, or irregular. Seeds numerous, minute.

Although Burmanniaceae have traditionally been placed in the Orchidales, it has been suggested that the family may be more closely related to the Melanthiales (= Liliales in the broad sense, as traditionally circumscribed) (R. M. T. Dahlgren et al. 1985). More recently, molecular and morphological studies by L. R. Caddick et al. (2000, 2000b) support placement of the family in the Dioscoreales.

Burmanniaceae traditionally have been characterized as saprophytic, but the life form is more accurately described as mycotrophic or myco-heterotrophic (J. R. Leake 1994). Even the photosynthetic species have been shown to be endomycorrhizal (P. J. M. Maas et al. 1986b; C. E. Wood Jr. 1983) and have been described as hemisaprophytic. Saprophytism in the Burmanniaceae and other achlorophyllous families has been fully discussed by J. R. Leake (1994).

Species within inventory project: Arizona Flora || << 1 - 50 taxa >>
Afrothismia amietii
Media
not available
Afrothismia baerae
Media
not available
Afrothismia foertheriana
Media
not available
Afrothismia gesnerioides
Media
not available
Afrothismia hydra
Media
not available
Afrothismia insignis
Media
not available
Afrothismia korupensis
Media
not available
Afrothismia mhoroana
Media
not available
Afrothismia pachyantha
Media
not available
Afrothismia saingei
Media
not available
Afrothismia winkleri
Media
not available
Afrothismia zambesiaca
Media
not available
Apteria aphylla
Media resource of Apteria aphylla
Apteria hymenanthera
Media
not available
Burmannia aprica
Media resource of Burmannia aprica
Burmannia bicolor
Media resource of Burmannia bicolor
Burmannia biflora
Media resource of Burmannia biflora
Burmannia candida
Media resource of Burmannia candida
Burmannia capitata
Media resource of Burmannia capitata
Burmannia coelestis
Media resource of Burmannia coelestis
Burmannia connata
Media resource of Burmannia connata
Burmannia cryptopetala
Media
not available
Burmannia disticha
Media resource of Burmannia disticha
Burmannia flava
Media resource of Burmannia flava
Burmannia grandiflora
Media
not available
Burmannia hexaptera
Media
not available
Burmannia itoana
Media
not available
Burmannia kalbreyeri
Media
not available
Burmannia ledermannii
Media
not available
Burmannia longifolia
Media resource of Burmannia longifolia
Burmannia madagascariensis
Media
not available
Burmannia obscurata
Media
not available
Burmannia pusilla
Media resource of Burmannia pusilla
Burmannia tenella
Media
not available
Burmannia tisserantii
Media
not available
Campylosiphon congestus
Media
not available
Cymbocarpa refracta
Media resource of Cymbocarpa refracta
Desmogymnosiphon chimeicus
Media
not available
Dictyostega orobanchoides
Media resource of Dictyostega orobanchoides
Gymnosiphon afro-orientalis
Media
not available
Gymnosiphon bekensis
Media
not available
Gymnosiphon constrictus
Media
not available
Gymnosiphon danguyanus
Media
not available
Gymnosiphon divaricatus
Media
not available
Gymnosiphon germainii
Media
not available
Gymnosiphon guianensis
Media
not available
Gymnosiphon longistylus
Media
not available
Gymnosiphon niveus
Media resource of Gymnosiphon niveus
Gymnosiphon panamensis
Media
not available
Gymnosiphon recurvatus
Media
not available
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This project was made possible in part by the Institute of Museum and Library Services [MG-70-19-0057-19].

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