Alisma gramineum

Herbs, 0.5--30(--50) cm. Leaves submersed, floating, or emersed; submersed sessile, ribbonlike; floating linear, 15--100 ´ 0.2--2(--3) cm, blade present or absent; emersed petiolate, rarely sessile, blade linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, 4--2--6 ´ 1.5 cm. Inflorescences to 50 cm. Flowers cleistogamous in submersed plants, chasmogamous in terrestrial; sepals 1.5--3 mm; petals faint purplish white, 2--4 mm, margin entire to slightly erose, apex obtuse; anthers ovoid, 0.3--0.6 mm; style ± coiled, 0.4--0.5 mm, ½ length ovary. Fruiting heads 3--6 mm diam.; achenes orbicular to orbicular-ovoid, 2--2.7 mm, with 2 shallow, abaxial grooves lateral to 1 abaxial ridge, beak erect. 2n =14.

Flowering summer--fall. Shallow fresh or brackish water or muddy shores; 30--1800 m; Alta., B.C., Man., Ont., Que., Sask.; Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Minn., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.Y., N.Dak., Oreg., S.Dak., Utah, Vt., Wash., Wyo.; Eurasia; n Africa.

Rhizome 0.3-1.5 cm thick; lvs usually submerged, very thin, linear, 15-100 cm נ2-13 mm, but sometimes terrestrial or emersed, the blade then rather narrowly lance-elliptic, tapering to the base, 2-6 cm נ4-15 mm, 2.7-5 times as long as wide; pedicels stout; sep 1.3-2.2 mm; pet faintly anthocyanic, 2.3-3.7 נ2.1-3.7 mm; anthers 0.3-0.6 mm; style short, 0.3-0.6 mm, uncinate-curved; achenes 11-20, 1.8-2.6 mm, with a median dorsal ridge flanked by a groove on each side; 2n=14. Circumboreal, in Amer. s. to N.Y., Wis., Mo., Nebr., Colo., and Calif. June-Aug. (A. geyeri)

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

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