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Ephedra
Family: Ephedraceae
Ephedra image
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Dennis Wm. Stevenson in Flora of North America (vol. 2)
Shrubs or occasionally clambering vines. Branches jointed, yellowish green to olive-green when young. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3, apex obtuse to setaceous from an adaxial-median thickening. Pollen cones lanceoloid or ellipsoid to ovoid or obovoid. Seed cones ellipsoid to ovoid, obovoid, or nearly globose. Seeds ellipsoid to globose, yellow to dark brown, smooth to scabrous or furrowed. x = 7.

The species of Ephedra are presented here in alphabetical order for three reasons. First, no modern monographic treatment has been written for all species of the genus since that of O. Stapf (1889). Second, it appears that the species occurring in North America belong to at least three wholly different groups within the genus, but this is not yet supported by thorough systematic studies. Third, interspecific relationships within any putative infrageneric group occurring in North America are at best vague and ill defined.

The North American species of Ephedra are well defined based on combinations of vegetative and reproductive characters. Putative hybrids reported and described by H. C. Cutler (1939) appear to be products of singular events; these hybrids are discussed under the parental species. Infraspecific taxa are not recognized in this treatment because there appear to be no consistent defining characters and no geographic correlations; previous recognition of infraspecific taxa (H. C. Cutler 1939) appears to be based on random variability.

Species within checklist: Western Rangeland Plant Identification List || << 1 - 50 taxa >>
Ephedra alata
Image of Ephedra alata
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Ephedra alte
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Ephedra altissima
Image of Ephedra altissima
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Ephedra americana
Image of Ephedra americana
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Ephedra andina
Image of Ephedra andina
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Ephedra antisyphilitica
Image of Ephedra antisyphilitica
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Ephedra aphylla
Image of Ephedra aphylla
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Ephedra arenicola
Image of Ephedra arenicola
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Ephedra aspera
Image of Ephedra aspera
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Ephedra breana
Image of Ephedra breana
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Ephedra californica
Image of Ephedra californica
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Ephedra campulopoda
Image of Ephedra campulopoda
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Ephedra chilensis
Image of Ephedra chilensis
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Ephedra compacta
Image of Ephedra compacta
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Ephedra coryi
Image of Ephedra coryi
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Ephedra cutleri
Image of Ephedra cutleri
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Ephedra distachya
Image of Ephedra distachya
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Ephedra equisetina
Image of Ephedra equisetina
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Ephedra fasciculata
Image of Ephedra fasciculata
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Ephedra fedtschenkoae
Image of Ephedra fedtschenkoae
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Ephedra foeminea
Image of Ephedra foeminea
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Ephedra foliata
Image of Ephedra foliata
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Ephedra fragilis
Image of Ephedra fragilis
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Ephedra frustillata
Image of Ephedra frustillata
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Ephedra funerea
Image of Ephedra funerea
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Ephedra gerardiana
Image of Ephedra gerardiana
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Ephedra gracilis
Image of Ephedra gracilis
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Ephedra intermedia
Image of Ephedra intermedia
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Ephedra intermixta
Image of Ephedra intermixta
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Ephedra lomatolepis
Image of Ephedra lomatolepis
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Ephedra major
Image of Ephedra major
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Ephedra minuta
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Ephedra monosperma
Image of Ephedra monosperma
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Ephedra multiflora
Image of Ephedra multiflora
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Ephedra nevadensis
Image of Ephedra nevadensis
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Ephedra ochreata
Image of Ephedra ochreata
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Ephedra pachyclada
Image of Ephedra pachyclada
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Ephedra pedunculata
Image of Ephedra pedunculata
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Ephedra przewalskii
Image of Ephedra przewalskii
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Ephedra regeliana
Image of Ephedra regeliana
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Ephedra rupestris
Image of Ephedra rupestris
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Ephedra sarcocarpa
Image of Ephedra sarcocarpa
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Ephedra sinica
Image of Ephedra sinica
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Ephedra somalensis
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not available
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Ephedra strobilacea
Image of Ephedra strobilacea
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Ephedra tilhoana
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not available
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Ephedra torreyana
Image of Ephedra torreyana
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Ephedra triandra
Image of Ephedra triandra
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Ephedra trifurca
Image of Ephedra trifurca
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Ephedra trifurcata
Image of Ephedra trifurcata
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Available

This project was made possible in part by the Institute of Museum and Library Services [MG-70-19-0057-19].
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