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Viola

Viola
Family: Violaceae
Viola image
Tony Frates
  • VPAP
  • Gleason & Cronquist
  • Resources
JANAS 33(1)
PLANT: Caulescent or acaulescent annual or perennial herbs. LEAVES: simple, dissected or compound, basal, cauline or both, stipulate, petiolate, alternate or opposite. INFLORESCENCE: flowers solitary, axillary or scapose. FLOWERS: sepals subequal, auriculate at base; petals unequal, the lower petal shorter or longer than others, the base elongated into a spur or gibbous on underside; lateral 2 petals generally spreading, generally bearded at base; upper 2 petals equal, erect or spreading; lower 2 stamens with nectaries projecting into the spur or sac; cleistogamous flowers present in many spp. FRUITS: ovoid to oblong, glabrous or hairy. SEEDS ca. 15‑20, usually ovoid, with a prominent caruncle. NOTES: Ca. 400 spp.; worldwide. (Latin: Viola, a classical name.) Clausen, J. 1964. Madroño 17:173‑197. REFERENCES: Little, R. John. Violaceae. 2001. J. Ariz. - Nev. Acad. Sci. Volume 33(1).
Vascular plants of NE US and adjacent Canada
Sep usually with posterior auricles; pet somewhat unequal, the 2 lateral ones often bearded internally at the base, the lower one usually with a basal spur or sac and sometimes bearded at the throat; stamens 5, the 2 lowermost bearing appendages that extend into the spur of the lower pet; ours herbs with axillary or basal 1-fld peduncles bearing 2 small bracts near the middle. Most spp. produce normal petaliferous fls in spring, and very fertile cleistogamous fls in summer. All spp. with cyanic (rather than yellow) fls produce occasional white-fld forms. Hybrids between closely related spp. are common, and spp. 3-8 form an intergrading polyploid complex. 400, mainly N. Temp.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

©The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. Used by permission.
Species within checklist: NYC EcoFlora - cultivated and such
Viola aberrans
Media resource of Viola aberrans
Map not
Available
Viola adunca
Media resource of Viola adunca
Map not
Available
Viola bicolor
Media resource of Viola bicolor
Map not
Available
Viola cornuta
Media resource of Viola cornuta
Map not
Available
Viola emarginata
Media resource of Viola emarginata
Map not
Available
Viola epipsila
Media resource of Viola epipsila
Map not
Available
Viola fimbriatula
Media resource of Viola fimbriatula
Map not
Available
Viola hirsutula
Media resource of Viola hirsutula
Map not
Available
Viola incognita
Media resource of Viola incognita
Map not
Available
Viola macloskeyi
Media resource of Viola macloskeyi
Map not
Available
Viola notabilis
Media resource of Viola notabilis
Map not
Available
Viola pumila
Media resource of Viola pumila
Map not
Available
Viola rostrata
Media resource of Viola rostrata
Map not
Available
Viola scabriuscula
Media resource of Viola scabriuscula
Map not
Available
Viola triloba
Media resource of Viola triloba
Map not
Available
Viola walteri
Media resource of Viola walteri
Map not
Available
Viola x mulfordiae
Media resource of Viola x mulfordiae
Map not
Available
Viola x wittrockiana
Media resource of Viola x wittrockiana
Map not
Available
Viola × ravida
Media resource of Viola × ravida
Map not
Available
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This project was made possible in part by the Institute of Museum and Library Services [MG-70-19-0057-19].

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