EcoFlora - Viola

Viola
Family: Violaceae Tony Frates	VPAP Gleason & Cronquist Resources JANAS 33(1) PLANT: Caulescent or acaulescent annual or perennial herbs. LEAVES: simple, dissected or compound, basal, cauline or both, stipulate, petiolate, alternate or opposite. INFLORESCENCE: flowers solitary, axillary or scapose. FLOWERS: sepals subequal, auriculate at base; petals unequal, the lower petal shorter or longer than others, the base elongated into a spur or gibbous on underside; lateral 2 petals generally spreading, generally bearded at base; upper 2 petals equal, erect or spreading; lower 2 stamens with nectaries projecting into the spur or sac; cleistogamous flowers present in many spp. FRUITS: ovoid to oblong, glabrous or hairy. SEEDS ca. 15‑20, usually ovoid, with a prominent caruncle. NOTES: Ca. 400 spp.; worldwide. (Latin: Viola, a classical name.) Clausen, J. 1964. Madroño 17:173‑197. REFERENCES: Little, R. John. Violaceae. 2001. J. Ariz. - Nev. Acad. Sci. Volume 33(1). Vascular plants of NE US and adjacent Canada Sep usually with posterior auricles; pet somewhat unequal, the 2 lateral ones often bearded internally at the base, the lower one usually with a basal spur or sac and sometimes bearded at the throat; stamens 5, the 2 lowermost bearing appendages that extend into the spur of the lower pet; ours herbs with axillary or basal 1-fld peduncles bearing 2 small bracts near the middle. Most spp. produce normal petaliferous fls in spring, and very fertile cleistogamous fls in summer. All spp. with cyanic (rather than yellow) fls produce occasional white-fld forms. Hybrids between closely related spp. are common, and spp. 3-8 form an intergrading polyploid complex. 400, mainly N. Temp. Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp. ©The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. Used by permission.
Species within checklist: Maine Eudicots Viola aberrans Map not Available Viola adunca Map not Available Viola aduncoides Media not available Map not Available Viola affinis Map not Available Viola arenaria Map not Available Viola arvensis Map not Available Viola bellidifolia Map not Available Viola blanda Map not Available Viola brittoniana Map not Available Viola canadensis Map not Available Viola cascadensis Map not Available Viola conjugens Map not Available Viola cucullata Map not Available Viola emarginata Map not Available Viola eriocarpon Map not Available Viola falcata Map not Available Viola fimbriatula Map not Available Viola hollickii Map not Available Viola incognita Map not Available Viola labradorica Map not Available Viola lanceolata Map not Available Viola leconteana Map not Available Viola macloskeyi Map not Available Viola montanensis Map not Available Viola nephrophylla Map not Available Viola novae-angliae Map not Available Viola odorata Map not Available Viola pallens Map not Available Viola palmata Map not Available Viola palustris Map not Available Viola pedata Map not Available Viola pensylvanica Map not Available Viola primulifolia Map not Available Viola pubescens Map not Available Viola renifolia Map not Available Viola rotundifolia Map not Available Viola sagittata Map not Available Viola scabriuscula Map not Available Viola selkirkii Map not Available Viola sororia Map not Available Viola stoneana Map not Available Viola subvestita Map not Available Viola tricolor Map not Available Viola × porteriana Map not Available