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Heterotheca

Heterotheca
Family: Asteraceae
Heterotheca image
Ries Lindley
  • FNA
  • Gleason & Cronquist
  • Resources
John C. Semple in Flora of North America (vol. 20)
Annuals or perennials, (5-)30-60(-200) cm (sometimes becoming shrubby through shoot persistence, with camphor odor when leaves moderately to densely stipitate-glandular); stout taprooted or with woody caudices, sometimes also rhizomatous. Stems ascending-erect, branched distally, appressed-strigose and hispid, sparsely to abundantly long-hispid or -hirsute (hairs spreading, long, cells osteolate, walls minutely pustulate). Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate (petiole basal margins always coarsely, spreading-ciliate) or sessile; proximal blades 1-nerved, ovate-oblanceolate (bases tapering), hairy; distal smaller (bases sometimes clasping), margins (sometimes undulate) serrate to entire, faces hispid to strigose, stipitate-glandular. Heads radiate (discoid in H. oregona), borne singly or in corymbiform arrays, sometimes becoming paniculiform. Involucres campanulate to turbinate (campanulo-hemispheric upon drying), (3-14 ×) 3.8-23 mm. Phyllaries 26-80 in 3-5 series, 1-nerved (usually raised; keeled proximally), lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, usually strongly unequal (usually stiff), margins scarious (sometimes distally reddish purple), sparsely to densely strigose (hairs short to long), eglandular to densely stipitate-glandular (usually more densely so distally). Receptacles slightly convex, subulate, pitted, epaleate. Ray florets (4-)30 (0 in H. oregona), pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow (tubes glabrate to short-pilose, laminae usually eglandular, sometimes stipitate-glandular proximally). Disc florets 9-110; corollas yellow, ampliate, tubes shorter than narrowly funnelform throats (glabrate to sparsely, minutely strigose, hairs 0.5-1.5 mm in 2 species, sometimes minutely glandular), lobes 5, erect to spreading, deltate, triangular, or lanceolate; style-branch appendages narrowly triangular. Cypselae sometimes dimorphic, obconic, compressed or not, of ray florets often 3-angled, 4-12-ribbed, faces glabrous or densely strigillose; pappi 0 or in 3-4 series, outer of 3-40 (sometimes obscure) linear to linear-lanceolate or triangular scales (0.2-1 mm), inner of 30-45 off-white, stramineous, or tan to rusty brown, barbellate, apically clavate or attenuate bristles (3-11 mm). x = 9.

The generic limits of Heterotheca used here are those of J. C. Semple et al. (1980), who included all goldenasters with stiff, gradually tapering, multicellular hairs with bone-shaped cells with knobby faces, regardless of whether or not they had dimorphic cypselae. Traditionally, only dimorphic species had been included. L. H. Shinners (1951e) found that some individuals of the H. subaxillaris complex sensu G. L. Nesom (1990e) are not consistently dimorphic. He thus proposed merging the genus Chrysopsis, including Pityopsis, into Heterotheca. V. L. Harms (1965) reported cytologic evidence supporting this merger and followed Shinners in subsequent papers (e.g., Harms 1970). Semple (1977) and Semple et al. (1980) presented evidence that Chrysopsis and Pityopsis differ sufficiently to be treated as separate genera based on habit, hair, leaf, cypsela, and cytologic traits. Nesom (2000) recognized Heterotheca as delimited here, following Semple et al. (1980) and Semple (1996). Semple and J. L. A. Hood (2005) showed that the assumed 2-seriate pappus was usually 3- and sometimes 4-seriate, the longest inner series usually weakly clavate apically. The genus is divided into three sections based on ray floret presence or absence, monomorphic or dimorphic cypselae, and, to a lesser extent, leaf traits (J. C. Semple 1996). Heterotheca sect. Heterotheca has dimorphic cypselae: the ray cypselae are usually glabrous and lack pappi. B. L. Wagenknecht (1960) revised section Heterotheca; G. L. Nesom (1990e) proposed an alternative treatment and combined several annual species. The latter is followed here with slight modification: three species are recognized (two in the flora, H. grandiflora and H. subaxillaris). The monospecific sect. Ammodia (Nuttall) V. L. Harms has discoid heads. Semple et al. (1988) revised sect. Ammodia and presented a multivariate analysis of the single species, H. oregona. The large sect. Phyllotheca (Nuttall) V. L. Harms has monomorphic cypselae in radiate heads (with the exception of one Mexican species). Semple (1996) revised sect. Phyllotheca (the C. villosa complex in the broad sense) and summarized data on the goldenaster genera. Species of sect. Phyllotheca are often difficult to distinguish due to a combination of environmentally induced plasticity, overlap in ranges of characters, and subtlety o
Vascular plants of NE US and adjacent Canada
Much like Chrysopsis, but the ray-achenes thick, commonly 3-angled, glabrous or nearly so, without pappus; annual or biennial, hairy herbs. 3-5, N. Amer.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

©The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. Used by permission.
<< 1 - 50 taxa >>
Heterotheca adenolepis
Media resource of Heterotheca adenolepis
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Heterotheca angustifolia
Media resource of Heterotheca angustifolia
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Heterotheca arizonica
Media resource of Heterotheca arizonica
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Heterotheca aspera
Media resource of Heterotheca aspera
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Heterotheca ballardii
Media resource of Heterotheca ballardii
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Heterotheca barbata
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Heterotheca bolanderi
Media resource of Heterotheca bolanderi
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Heterotheca brandegeei
Media resource of Heterotheca brandegeei
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Heterotheca brandegei
Media resource of Heterotheca brandegei
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Heterotheca camphorata
Media resource of Heterotheca camphorata
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Heterotheca camporum
Media resource of Heterotheca camporum
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Heterotheca canescens
Media resource of Heterotheca canescens
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Heterotheca chihuahuana
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Heterotheca chrysopsidis
Media resource of Heterotheca chrysopsidis
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Heterotheca cinerascens
Media resource of Heterotheca cinerascens
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Heterotheca correllii
Media resource of Heterotheca correllii
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Heterotheca cruiseana
Media resource of Heterotheca cruiseana
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Heterotheca cryptocephala
Media resource of Heterotheca cryptocephala
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Heterotheca depressa
Media resource of Heterotheca depressa
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Heterotheca echioides
Media resource of Heterotheca echioides
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Heterotheca excelsior
Media resource of Heterotheca excelsior
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Heterotheca falcata
Media resource of Heterotheca falcata
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Heterotheca fastigiata
Media resource of Heterotheca fastigiata
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Heterotheca flexuosa
Media resource of Heterotheca flexuosa
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Heterotheca floridana
Media resource of Heterotheca floridana
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Heterotheca fulciens
Media resource of Heterotheca fulciens
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Heterotheca fulcrata
Media resource of Heterotheca fulcrata
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Heterotheca graminifolia
Media resource of Heterotheca graminifolia
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Heterotheca grandiflora
Media resource of Heterotheca grandiflora
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Heterotheca gypsophila
Media resource of Heterotheca gypsophila
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Heterotheca hartmanii
Media resource of Heterotheca hartmanii
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Heterotheca hirsuta
Media resource of Heterotheca hirsuta
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Heterotheca hirsutissima
Media resource of Heterotheca hirsutissima
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Heterotheca hispida
Media resource of Heterotheca hispida
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Heterotheca hyssopifolia
Media resource of Heterotheca hyssopifolia
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Heterotheca incensa
Media resource of Heterotheca incensa
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Heterotheca inflata
Media resource of Heterotheca inflata
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Heterotheca inuloides
Media resource of Heterotheca inuloides
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Heterotheca jonesii
Media resource of Heterotheca jonesii
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Heterotheca komarekiae
Media resource of Heterotheca komarekiae
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Heterotheca latifolia
Media resource of Heterotheca latifolia
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Heterotheca latisquamea
Media resource of Heterotheca latisquamea
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Heterotheca leptoglossa
Media resource of Heterotheca leptoglossa
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Heterotheca marginata
Media resource of Heterotheca marginata
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Heterotheca mariana
Media resource of Heterotheca mariana
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Heterotheca martirensis
Media resource of Heterotheca martirensis
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Heterotheca mayoensis
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Heterotheca mexicana
Media resource of Heterotheca mexicana
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Heterotheca microcephala
Media resource of Heterotheca microcephala
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Heterotheca monarchensis
Media resource of Heterotheca monarchensis
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