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Juniperus

Juniperus
Family: Cupressaceae
Juniperus image
Max Licher
  • FNA
  • VPAP
  • Gleason & Cronquist
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Robert P. Adams in Flora of North America (vol. 2)
Shrubs or trees evergreen. Branchlets terete, 3--6 angled, variously oriented, but not in flattened sprays. Leaves opposite in 4 ranks or in whorls of 3. Adult leaves closely appressed to divergent, scalelike to subulate, free portion to ca. 10 mm (to ca. 15 mm in Juniperus communis ); abaxial gland visible or not, elongate to hemispheric ( J . ashei ), sometimes exuding white crystalline deposit. Pollen cones with 3--7 pairs or trios of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 2--8 pollen sacs. Seed cones maturing in 1 or 2 years, globose to ovoid and berrylike, 3--20 mm, remaining closed, usually glaucous; scales persistent, 1--3 pairs, peltate, tightly coalesced, thick and fleshy or fibrous to obscurely woody. Seeds 1--3 per scale, round to faceted, wingless; cotyledons 2--6. x = 11.

Juniperus is the only dioecious (sometimes monoecious) genus of Cupressaceae in the flora. Cones, generally terminal, are axillary in J . communis .

Numerous cultivars of Juniperus species are widely used for landscaping. Mutants, or 'sports,' affecting plant habit and foliage are present in all species and are likely related to single-gene mutations. Many have been given formal names or incorrectly ascribed to hybridization. Gymnocarpy (bare seeds protruding from the cone), caused by insect larvae (T. A. Zanoni 1978), is occasionally found in most junipers, particularly in the southwestern United States. Specimens with such aberrations may be almost impossible to identify without chemical data.

JANAS 27(2)
PLANT: Shrubs or trees, usually dioecious. STEMS: short shoots 4 angled to cylindric; bark usually thin, peeling in strips or in one species thick, deeply fissured into rectangular plates. LEAVES: decussate or tricussate; scale-like to less often awl- or needle-like. POLLEN CONES: 3-5 mm long; sporophylls 6-24, decussate or tricussate; pollen sacs 2-8 per sporophyll. SEED CONES: 3-20 mm long, fleshy to fibrous to rarely obscurely woody, berry-like, dry or fleshy, flavorless to resinous (bitter) to sweet, usually glaucous, formed by fusion of scales, more or less spheric, surrounded at base by minute scale-like bracts; scales 3-8, decussate or tricussate. SEEDS: 1-3 per scale, terete or angled, unwinged, usually dispersed by animals; cotyledons 2-6. NOTES: ca. 60 spp; N. Hemisphere. (Latin name for juniper). Adams, R.P. and T.A. Zanoni. 1979. Southw. Naturalist 24:323-329; Vasek, F.C. 1966. Brittonia 18:350-372; Zanoni, T.A. 1978. Phytologia 38:433-454. REFERENCES: Bartel, Jim A. 1994. Cupressaceae. J. Ariz. - Nev. Acad. Sci. Volume 27, 195-200.
Vascular plants of NE US and adjacent Canada
Female cones indehiscent, berry-like or drupe-like, usually colored (commonly bluish), the several scales coalescent and somewhat fleshy at maturity; seeds 1-10 per cone, wingless; male cones with numerous microsporophylls; dioecious or occasionally monoecious shrubs or small trees with scale-like or needle-like lvs opposite or whorled in 3's; 2n=22. 60, mainly N. Temp.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

©The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. Used by permission.
Species within checklist: Western Rangeland Plant Identification List || << 51 - 77 taxa >>
Juniperus przewalskii
Media resource of Juniperus przewalskii
Map not
Available
Juniperus pseudosabina
Media resource of Juniperus pseudosabina
Map not
Available
Juniperus recurva
Media resource of Juniperus recurva
Map not
Available
Juniperus rigida
Media resource of Juniperus rigida
Map not
Available
Juniperus sabina
Media resource of Juniperus sabina
Map not
Available
Juniperus saltillensis
Media resource of Juniperus saltillensis
Map not
Available
Juniperus saltuaria
Media resource of Juniperus saltuaria
Map not
Available
Juniperus saxicola
Media resource of Juniperus saxicola
Map not
Available
Juniperus scopulorum
Media resource of Juniperus scopulorum
Map not
Available
Juniperus semiglobosa
Media resource of Juniperus semiglobosa
Map not
Available
Juniperus seravschanica
Media resource of Juniperus seravschanica
Map not
Available
Juniperus silicicola
Media resource of Juniperus silicicola
Map not
Available
Juniperus sinensis
Media
not available
Map not
Available
Juniperus squamata
Media resource of Juniperus squamata
Map not
Available
Juniperus standleyi
Media resource of Juniperus standleyi
Map not
Available
Juniperus taxifolia
Media resource of Juniperus taxifolia
Map not
Available
Juniperus tetragona
Media resource of Juniperus tetragona
Map not
Available
Juniperus thurifera
Media resource of Juniperus thurifera
Map not
Available
Juniperus tibetica
Media resource of Juniperus tibetica
Map not
Available
Juniperus turkestanica
Media resource of Juniperus turkestanica
Map not
Available
Juniperus virginiana
Media resource of Juniperus virginiana
Map not
Available
Juniperus wallichiana
Media resource of Juniperus wallichiana
Map not
Available
Juniperus x ambigens
Media
not available
Map not
Available
Juniperus x fassettii
Media resource of Juniperus x fassettii
Map not
Available
Juniperus x media
Media resource of Juniperus x media
Map not
Available
Juniperus x pfitzeriana
Media resource of Juniperus x pfitzeriana
Map not
Available
Juniperus zanonii
Media resource of Juniperus zanonii
Map not
Available
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