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Celtis

Celtis
Family: Cannabaceae
Celtis image
Leslie Landrum
  • FNA
  • VPAP
  • Gleason & Cronquist
  • Resources
Lisa A. Standley
Trees or rarely shrubs , to 30 m; crowns spreading. Bark usually gray, smooth or often fissured and conspicuously warty. Branches without or with thorns, slender, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves: stipules falling early. Leaf blade deltate to ovate to oblong-lanceolate, base oblique or cuneate to rounded, margins entire or serrate-dentate; venation 3(-5)-pinnate. Inflorescences: staminate inflorescences cymes or fascicles; pistillate solitary or few-flowered clusters. Flowers usually unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same plants, along with a few bisexual flowers, pedicellate on branches of current year, appearing in mid or late spring. Staminate flowers: filaments incurved in bud, exserted after anthesis; gynoecium minute, rudimentary. Pistillate flowers: calyx slightly to deeply 4(-5)-lobed; stamens 4-5, inserted on pilose receptacle, included, often nonfunctional filaments usually shorter than in staminate flowers, rarely absent; anthers ovate, face to face in bud, extrorse; ovaries sessile, ovoid, 1-locular; styles short, sessile, divided into 2 divergent, elongate, reflexed lobes, lobes entire or 2-cleft. Fruits fleshy drupes, ovoid or globose; outer mesocarp thick, firm, inner mesocarp thin, fleshy; stones thick walled, ripening in autumn, persisting after leaves fall. x = 10.

The hackberries provide important wildlife habitat, forming thickets that give shelter and fleshy drupes that ripen in autumn, persist after leaves fall, and supply winter food for birds and mammals. The treatment presented here is a simplified circumscription of species with no elaboration of infraspecific variation or interspecific hybridization. The group is taxonomically complex and in need of revision.

JANAS 35(2)
LEAVES: margins serrate, crenate, or entire; vena¬tion palmate at the base, pinnate at the apex. PLANT: Trees or shrubs; branches without or with thorns. INFLORESCENCE: uniflorous or small cymes or fascicles, appearing with new leaves. FLOWERS: with pedicels, staminate near the base of the new spring growth, distally pistillate, the intermediate flowers sometimes perfect; calyx lobes usually 5 6, distinct nearly to the base; stamens 4 5, exserted, non functional and usually shorter in pistillate flowers; pistil reduced in staminate flowers; styles 2, plumose. DRUPES: fleshy, ovoid or spherical, the stones thick walled. x = 0. NOTES: 60 spp., 2 in AZ; tropical and n temperate zones. (Classical Latin, Pliny's name for Celtis australis L.). Drupes harvested by the Tohono O'odham, birds, and mammals. Wood used for fenceposts. Celtis occidentalis L., with leaves over 5 cm long and coarsely serrate at least apically, is cultivated in AZ. REFERENCES: Brasher, Jeffrey W. 2003. Ulmaceae. J. Ariz. - Nev. Acad. Sci. Volume 35(2).
Vascular plants of NE US and adjacent Canada
Monoecious or polygamous; staminate fls in small clusters near the base of the twigs of the season; fertile fls solitary or sometimes paired, from the upper axils of the same twigs, often lacking stamens; cal deeply 5-parted; anthers introrse; style very short, with elongate, recurved-divergent stigmas; fr a drupe with thin, ±sweet pulp and a hard stone; embryo curved; woody pls with entire or serrate lvs 3-nerved from a ±oblique base; fls ephemeral, borne in early spring. 70, mainly N. Hemisphere.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

©The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. Used by permission.
Species within checklist: NYC EcoFlora - Historical and rare collections (version Aug 2018) || << 1 - 50 taxa >>
Celtis adolfi-friderici
Media
not available
Map not
Available
Celtis africana
Media resource of Celtis africana
Map not
Available
Celtis australis
Media resource of Celtis australis
Map not
Available
Celtis berlandieri
Media resource of Celtis berlandieri
Map not
Available
Celtis berteroana
Media
not available
Map not
Available
Celtis biondii
Media resource of Celtis biondii
Map not
Available
Celtis boliviensis
Media
not available
Map not
Available
Celtis brasiliensis
Media resource of Celtis brasiliensis
Map not
Available
Celtis bungeana
Media resource of Celtis bungeana
Map not
Available
Celtis caucasica
Media resource of Celtis caucasica
Map not
Available
Celtis caudata
Media resource of Celtis caudata
Map not
Available
Celtis chichape
Media resource of Celtis chichape
Map not
Available
Celtis choseniana
Media resource of Celtis choseniana
Map not
Available
Celtis crassifolia
Media resource of Celtis crassifolia
Map not
Available
Celtis ehrenbergiana
Media resource of Celtis ehrenbergiana
Map not
Available
Celtis georgiana
Media resource of Celtis georgiana
Map not
Available
Celtis glabrata
Media resource of Celtis glabrata
Map not
Available
Celtis gomphophylla
Media resource of Celtis gomphophylla
Map not
Available
Celtis harperi
Media resource of Celtis harperi
Map not
Available
Celtis hildebrandii
Media
not available
Map not
Available
Celtis hottlei
Media
not available
Map not
Available
Celtis iguanaea
Media resource of Celtis iguanaea
Map not
Available
Celtis jamaicensis
Media
not available
Map not
Available
Celtis jessoensis
Media resource of Celtis jessoensis
Map not
Available
Celtis koraiensis
Media resource of Celtis koraiensis
Map not
Available
Celtis labilis
Media resource of Celtis labilis
Map not
Available
Celtis laevigata
Media resource of Celtis laevigata
Map not
Available
Celtis latifolia
Media resource of Celtis latifolia
Map not
Available
Celtis lindheimeri
Media resource of Celtis lindheimeri
Map not
Available
Celtis loxensis
Media
not available
Map not
Available
Celtis luzonica
Media resource of Celtis luzonica
Map not
Available
Celtis madagascariensis
Media resource of Celtis madagascariensis
Map not
Available
Celtis mildbraedii
Media resource of Celtis mildbraedii
Map not
Available
Celtis mississippiensis
Media resource of Celtis mississippiensis
Map not
Available
Celtis monoica
Media resource of Celtis monoica
Map not
Available
Celtis occidentalis
Media resource of Celtis occidentalis
Map not
Available
Celtis pacifica
Media resource of Celtis pacifica
Map not
Available
Celtis pallida
Media resource of Celtis pallida
Map not
Available
Celtis paniculata
Media
not available
Map not
Available
Celtis philippensis
Media resource of Celtis philippensis
Map not
Available
Celtis philippinensis
Media resource of Celtis philippinensis
Map not
Available
Celtis planchoniana
Media
not available
Map not
Available
Celtis pubescens
Media resource of Celtis pubescens
Map not
Available
Celtis pumila pursh
Media resource of Celtis pumila pursh
Map not
Available
Celtis reticulata
Media resource of Celtis reticulata
Map not
Available
Celtis rugosa
Media resource of Celtis rugosa
Map not
Available
Celtis schippii
Media resource of Celtis schippii
Map not
Available
Celtis sinensis
Media resource of Celtis sinensis
Map not
Available
Celtis smallii
Media resource of Celtis smallii
Map not
Available
Celtis solenostigma
Media
not available
Map not
Available
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This project was made possible in part by the Institute of Museum and Library Services [MG-70-19-0057-19].

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