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Urtica
Family: Urticaceae
Urtica image
Patrick Alexander
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David E. Boufford in Flora of North America (vol. 3)
Herbs , annual or perennial, with stinging and nonstinging hairs on same plant. Stems simple or branched, erect, ascending, or sprawling. Leaves opposite; stipules present. Leaf blades elliptic, lanceolate, ovate, or orbiculate, margins dentate to serrate; cystoliths rounded or ± elongate. Inflorescences axillary, lax, of cymes arranged in racemes or panicles. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate flowers in loose to tight clusters in separate inflorescences or intermixed in same inflorescence on same or different plants; bracts narrowly triangular to lanceolate, lacking hooked hairs. Staminate flowers: tepals 4, distinct, equal; stamens 4; pistillode cuplike. Pistillate flowers: tepals 4, distinct, inner 2 equal to achene, outer 2 smaller, without hooked hairs; staminodes absent; style absent; stigma tufted, persistent or deciduous. Achenes sessile, laterally compressed, ovoid or deltoid, loosely enclosed by inner tepals. x = 12, 13.
JANAS 26(1)
PLANT: Erect, ascending, or sprawling, monoecious or dioecious, annual or perennial herbs with stinging and non-stinging hairs. LEAVES: opposite, stipulate, the blades elliptic, lanceolate, ovate to broadly ovate, or circular, dentate to serrate, with punctiform or more or less elongate cystoliths. INFLORESCENCE: axillary, of cymes arranged in lax racemes or panicles, or in loose to tight clusters, staminate and pistillate flowers in separate inflorescences, or staminate and pistillate flowers alternately arranged in the same inflorescence. STAMINATE FLOWERS: with 4 equal tepals, 4 stamens, and a rudimentary, cuplike ovary. PISTILLATE FLOWERS: with 4 tepals (the 2 outer smaller, at least in fruit); style absent; stigmas tufted. FRUIT: flattened, ovoid or deltoid, loosely enclosed by the inner tepals, the stigmatic tuft deciduous or persistent on the mature fruit. NOTES: A genus of about 45 spp. indigenous to temperate areas of both hemispheres. Woodland, D. W. 1982. Syst. Bot. 7:269 281. Woodland, D. W. 1982. Syst. Bot. 7:282 290. Woodland, D. W., I. J. Bassett, & C. W. Crompton. 1976. Canad. J. Bot. 54:374 383. (Latin: based on urere = to burn). REFERENCES: Boufford, David E. 1992. Urticaceae. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 26(1)2.
Vascular plants of NE US and adjacent Canada
Dioecious or monoecious; male fls with 4 subequal sep, 4 stamens, and vestigial ovary; sep of the female fls unequal, the outer 2 small and inconspicuous; stigma capitate-tufted; fr a lenticular achene enclosed by the 2 inner sep; herbs with opposite lvs, ±beset with stinging bristles; fls minute, in panicles, spikes, or head-like clusters from the upper axils. 25, widespread.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

©The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. Used by permission.
Species within checklist: Antelope Island State Park || << 1 - 50 taxa >>
Urtica angustifolia
Image of Urtica angustifolia
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Urtica aquatica
Image of Urtica aquatica
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Urtica ardens
Image of Urtica ardens
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Urtica baccifera
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not available
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Urtica ballotifolia
Image of Urtica ballotifolia
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Urtica canadensis
Image of Urtica canadensis
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Urtica cannabina
Image of Urtica cannabina
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Urtica chamaedryoides
Image of Urtica chamaedryoides
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Urtica circularis
Image of Urtica circularis
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Urtica dioica
Image of Urtica dioica
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Urtica domingensis
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Urtica echinata
Image of Urtica echinata
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Urtica ferox
Image of Urtica ferox
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Urtica flabellata
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Urtica glomerata
Image of Urtica glomerata
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Urtica glomeruliflora
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Urtica gracilenta
Image of Urtica gracilenta
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Urtica gracilis
Image of Urtica gracilis
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Urtica grandidentata
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Urtica grandis
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Urtica granulosa
Image of Urtica granulosa
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Urtica herniarioides
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Urtica hyperborea
Image of Urtica hyperborea
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Urtica incisa
Image of Urtica incisa
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Urtica interrupta
Image of Urtica interrupta
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Urtica kioviensis
Image of Urtica kioviensis
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Urtica laetevirens
Image of Urtica laetevirens
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Urtica leptophylla
Image of Urtica leptophylla
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Urtica magellanica
Image of Urtica magellanica
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Urtica massaica
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Urtica membranacea
Image of Urtica membranacea
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Urtica mexicana
Image of Urtica mexicana
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Urtica morifolia
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Urtica nivea
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Urtica nummulariifolia
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Urtica parietaria
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Urtica pilulifera
Image of Urtica pilulifera
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Urtica platyphylla
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Urtica portosanctana
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Urtica pubescens
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Urtica pumila
Image of Urtica pumila
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Urtica purpurascens
Image of Urtica purpurascens
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Urtica rotundifolia
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Urtica simensis
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Urtica spirealis
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Urtica stachyoides
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Urtica subincisa
Image of Urtica subincisa
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Urtica thunbergiana
Image of Urtica thunbergiana
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Urtica trianthemoides
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Urtica urens
Image of Urtica urens
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This project was made possible in part by the Institute of Museum and Library Services [MG-70-19-0057-19].
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