Bryophyllum pinnatum

Herbs, monocarpic, green streaked with purple, glaucous. Stems little-branched, (suckering at base), terete, 5-20 dm × 0.5-2 cm. Leaves opposite, evenly spaced, the 1st simple, the rest mostly pinnate with 3 or 5 short-stalked leaflets; petiole subterete, 20-100 mm; blade and leaflets green streaked with purple, elliptic-oblong, 5-20 × 2-12 cm, margins crenate-serrate, apex obtuse, surfaces ± glaucous; bulbils in notches of leaf margins. Cymes open, paniculate, 1-8 dm diam.; branches to 12 cm. Pedicels 10-25 mm. Flowers: calyx pale yellow flecked with red, inflated, 25-50 mm, (papery), tube 24-40 mm, lobes deltate, to 10 mm, shorter than tube, apex acute; corolla with tube greenish white and exserted portion maroon, 30-70 mm, contracted basally, (sparsely glandular-puberulent), lobes oblong-ovate to triangular, 10-20 mm, apex acuminate. 2n = 40.

Flowering winter-spring. Hummocks, waste places; 0 m; introduced; Fla.; Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar); introduced widely in tropics.

Bryophyllum pinnatum is common in southern Florida, as far north as Gainesville in good years but killed back in cold winters (Daniel Ward, pers. comm.). It is widely grown as an ornamental and curiosity and for medicine. It has been the subject of many physiological and anatomical studies (A. Berger 1930; P. Boiteau and L. Allorge-Boiteau 1995).

P. Knuth (1906-1909, vol. 2) quoted J. Delpino´s report of abundant nectar in the flowers and his suggestion of visits by hummingbirds--which, however, are not in Madagascar! Perhaps they are visited by sunbirds. On distal leaves J. H. Craft (1943) found nectaries that at flowering time secrete droplets high in glucose.