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  Plantae
    Tracheophyta
           [Tracheobionta]
    Spermatophyta
      Magnoliophyta
             [Angiospermae]
         Eudicots
             Core Eudicots
               Rosids
               Fabids
                    Rosales
                            <b>Rhamnaceae</b>
                                     <i>Adolphia</i>
                                             <i>Adolphia californica</i>
                                             <i>Adolphia infesta</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus infesta]
                                                   [Colletia multiflora]
                                     <i>Alphitonia</i>
                                             <i>Alphitonia excelsa</i>
                                                   [Colubrina excelsa]
                                             <i>Alphitonia incana</i>
                                                   [Alphitonia moluccana]
                                                   [Alphitonia philippinensis]
                                             <i>Alphitonia macrocarpa</i>
                                             <i>Alphitonia neocaledonica</i>
                                             <i>Alphitonia petriei</i>
                                             <i>Alphitonia ponderosa</i>
                                               <i>Alphitonia ponderosa var. auwahiensis</i>
                                               <i>Alphitonia ponderosa var. costata</i>
                                               <i>Alphitonia ponderosa var. grandifolia</i>
                                               <i>Alphitonia ponderosa var. kauila</i>
                                               <i>Alphitonia ponderosa var. lanaiensis</i>
                                             <i>Alphitonia whitei</i>
                                             <i>Alphitonia zizyphoides</i>
                                     <i>Ampelozizyphus</i>
                                             <i>Ampelozizyphus amazonicus</i>
                                     <i>Auerodendron</i>
                                             <i>Auerodendron acuminatum</i>
                                                   [Colubrina acuminata]
                                             <i>Auerodendron cubense</i>
                                                   [Rhamnidium cubense]
                                             <i>Auerodendron jamaicense</i>
                                             <i>Auerodendron northropianum</i>
                                                   [Reynosia northropiana]
                                             <i>Auerodendron pauciflorum</i>
                                             <i>Auerodendron reticulatum</i>
                                                   [Rhamnidium reticulatum]
                                     <i>Bathiorhamnus</i>
                                             <i>Bathiorhamnus louvelii</i>
                                             <i>Bathiorhamnus macrocarpus</i>
                                     <i>Berchemia</i>
                                             <i>Berchemia barbigera</i>
                                             <i>Berchemia discolor</i>
                                                   [Phyllogeiton discolor]
                                                   [Scutia discolor]
                                             <i>Berchemia elmeri</i>
                                             <i>Berchemia flavescens</i>
                                             <i>Berchemia floribunda</i>
                                             <i>Berchemia hirtella</i>
                                               <i>Berchemia hirtella var. glabrescens</i>
                                             <i>Berchemia huana</i>
                                             <i>Berchemia lineata</i>
                                             <i>Berchemia pauciflora</i>
                                             <i>Berchemia philippinensis</i>
                                             <i>Berchemia polyphylla</i>
                                             <i>Berchemia racemosa</i>
                                                   [Berchemia racemosa var. magna]
                                             <i>Berchemia scandens</i>
                                                   [Berchemia volubilis]
                                                   [Ziziphus volubilis]
                                             <i>Berchemia sinica</i>
                                             <i>Berchemia yunnanensis</i>
                                             <i>Berchemia zeyheri</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus zeyheri]
                                     <i>Ceanothus</i>
               Ceanothus F1 hybrid
                                             <i>Ceanothus americanus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus americanus var. americanus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus americanus var. intermedius</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus americanus var. pitcheri</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus arboreus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus arboreus var. glaber</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus arboreus var. glabra</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus arcuatus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus austromontanus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus azureus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus azureus var. parvifolius</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus bolensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus buxifolius</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus caeruleus</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus candolleanus]
                                                   [Ceanothus coeruleus]
                                             <i>Ceanothus confusus</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus prostratus subsp. confusus]
                                             <i>Ceanothus connivens</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus cordulatus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus crassifolius</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus crassifolius var. planus]
                                               <i>Ceanothus crassifolius var. crassifolius</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus cuneatus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus cuneatus cuneatus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus cuneatus subsp. cuneatus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus cuneatus subsp. fascicularis</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus cuneatus subsp. rigidus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus cuneatus var. cuneatus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus cuneatus var. dubius</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus cuneatus var. fascicularis</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus cuneatus var. ramulosus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus cuneatus var. rigidus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus cuneatus var. submontanus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus cyaneus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus decornutus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus decumbens</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus dentatus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus dentatus var. dickeyi</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus dentatus var. floribundus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus depressus</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus pueblensis]
                                             <i>Ceanothus divaricatus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus divergens</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus purpureus subsp. divergens]
                                               <i>Ceanothus divergens subsp. confusus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus diversifolius</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus diversifolius var. foliosus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus fendleri</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus fendleri var. venosus]
                                                   [Ceanothus fendleri var. viridis]
                                                   [Ceanothus subsericeus]
                                             <i>Ceanothus ferox</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus ferrisae</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus ferrisiae</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus floribundus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus foliosus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus foliosus subsp. foliosus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus foliosus subsp. medius</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus foliosus subsp. vineatus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus foliosus var. foliosus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus foliosus var. medius</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus foliosus var. viejasensis</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus foliosus var. vineatus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus fresnensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus gloriosus</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus rigidus var. grandifolius]
                                               <i>Ceanothus gloriosus subsp. exaltatus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus gloriosus subsp. gloriosus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus gloriosus var. exaltatus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus gloriosus var. gloriosus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus gloriosus var. porrectus</i>
                                                     [Ceanothus gloriosus subsp. porrectus]
                                             <i>Ceanothus greggii</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus greggii var. franklinii</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus greggii var. greggii</i>
                                                     [Ceanothus greggii subsp. greggii]
                                                     [Ceanothus greggii var. orbiculatus]
                                               <i>Ceanothus greggii var. lanuginosa</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus greggii var. perplexans</i>
                                                     [Ceanothus greggii subsp. perplexans]
                                                     [Ceanothus perplexans]
                                               <i>Ceanothus greggii var. vestitus</i>
                                                     [Ceanothus greggii subsp. vestitus]
                                                     [Ceanothus vestitus]
                                             <i>Ceanothus griseus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus griseus var. griseus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus griseus var. horizontalis</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus hearstiorum</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus herbaceus</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus americanus var. herbaceus]
                                                   [Ceanothus herbaceus var. pubescens]
                                                   [Ceanothus ovalis]
                                                   [Ceanothus ovatus subsp. pubescens]
                                                   [Ceanothus ovatus var. pubescens]
                                                   [Ceanothus ovatus]
                                                   [Ceanothus pubescens]
                                               <i>Ceanothus herbaceus var. herbaceus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus hirsutus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus huichagorare</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus impressus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus impressus var. impressus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus impressus var. nipomensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus incanus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus insularis</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus integerrimus</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus andersonii]
                                                   [Ceanothus californicus]
                                                   [Ceanothus integerrimus var. californicus]
                                                   [Ceanothus integerrimus var. macrothyrsus]
                                                   [Ceanothus integerrimus var. puberulus]
                                                   [Ceanothus myrianthus]
                                                   [Ceanothus nevadensis]
                                               <i>Ceanothus integerrimus var. integerrimus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus integerrimus var. peduncularis</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus intermedius</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus jepsonii</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus jepsonii subsp. albiflorus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus jepsonii subsp. jepsonii</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus jepsonii var. albiflorus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus jepsonii var. jepsonii</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus jepsonii var. purpureus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus lanuginosus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus lemmonii</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus leucodermis</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus macrocarpus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus maritimus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus martini</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus martinii]
                                             <i>Ceanothus masonii</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus gloriosus subsp. masonii]
                                             <i>Ceanothus megacarpus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus megacarpus megacarpus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus megacarpus subsp. insularis</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus megacarpus subsp. megacarpus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus megacarpus var. insularis</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus megacarpus var. megacarpus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus megacarpus var. pendulus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus microphyllus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus mogollonicus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus oblanceolatus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus ochraceus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus oliganthus</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus oliganthus subsp. oliganthus]
                                               <i>Ceanothus oliganthus oliganthus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus oliganthus var. oliganthus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus oliganthus var. orcuttii</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus ophiochilus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus orcuttii</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus oreganus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus otayensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus palmeri</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus spinosus var. palmeri]
                                             <i>Ceanothus papillosus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus papillosus subsp. papillosus</i>
                                                     [Ceanothus regius]
                                               <i>Ceanothus papillosus subsp. regius</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus papillosus subsp. roweanus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus papillosus var. papillosus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus papillosus var. roweanus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus parryi</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus parvifolius</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus integerrimus var. parvifolius]
                                             <i>Ceanothus pauciflorus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus pendletonensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus pinetorum</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus prostratus</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus divergens subsp. occidentalis]
                                                   [Ceanothus prostratus subsp. prostratus]
                                                   [Ceanothus prostratus var. laxus]
                                                   [Ceanothus prostratus var. occidentalis]
                                                   <i>Ceanothus prostratus f. albiflorus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus prostratus var. grandiflorus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus prostratus var. prostratus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus pumilus</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus prostratus subsp. pumilus]
                                             <i>Ceanothus purpureus</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus purpureus subsp. purpureus]
                                             <i>Ceanothus ramulosus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus ramulosus var. fascicularis</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus ramulosus var. ramulosus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus rigidus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus rigidus var. albus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus rigidus var. grandiflorus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus roderickii</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus sanguineus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus serpyllifolius</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus serrulatus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus sonomensis</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus cuneatus subsp. sonomensis]
                                             <i>Ceanothus sorediatus</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus intricatus]
                                                   [Ceanothus oliganthus subsp. sorediatus]
                                                   [Ceanothus oliganthus var. sorediatus]
                                               <i>Ceanothus sorediatus var. glabra</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus spinosus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus submontanus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus thyrsiflorus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus thyrsiflorus thyrsiflorus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. griseus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. thyrsiflorus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus tomentosus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus tomentosus subsp. olivaceus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus tomentosus var. olivaceus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus tomentosus var. tomentosus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus vanrensselaeri</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus velutinus</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus laevigatus]
                                               <i>Ceanothus velutinus var. hookeri</i>
                                                     [Ceanothus velutinus subsp. hookeri]
                                               <i>Ceanothus velutinus var. laevigatus</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus velutinus var. lorenzenii</i>
                                               <i>Ceanothus velutinus var. velutinus</i>
                                                     [Ceanothus velutinus subsp. velutinus]
                                               <i>Ceanothus velutinus velutinus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus verrucosus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus x arcuatus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus x bakeri</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus x delileanus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus x flexilis</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus x humboldtensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus x lobbianus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus x lorenzenii</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus x mendocinensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus x otayensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus x pallidus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus x regius</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus x rugosus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus x serrulatus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus x vanrensselaeri</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus x veitchianus</i>
                                             <i>Ceanothus ×bakeri</i>
                                     <i>Chacaya</i>
                                             <i>Chacaya trinervis</i>
                                                   [Ochetophila trinervis]
                                     <i>Colletia</i>
                                             <i>Colletia cruciata</i>
                                             <i>Colletia hystrix</i>
                                                   [Colletia spinosa]
                                                   [Colletia spinosissima]
                                             <i>Colletia infausta</i>
                                             <i>Colletia paradoxa</i>
                                                   [Condalia paradoxa]
                                             <i>Colletia ulicina</i>
                                     <i>Colubrina</i>
                                           [Colubrina montana]
                                             <i>Colubrina alamani</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus alamani]
                                             <i>Colubrina angustior</i>
                                                   [Colubrina greggii var. angustior]
                                             <i>Colubrina arborea</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina arborescens</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus arborescens]
                                                   [Colubrina americana]
                                                   [Colubrina ferruginosa]
                                                   [Rhamnus ferruginea]
                                             <i>Colubrina asiatica</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus acuminata]
                                               <i>Colubrina asiatica var. asiatica</i>
                                                     [Ceanothus asiaticus]
                                             <i>Colubrina berteroana</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina californica</i>
                                                   [Colubrina texensis var. californica]
                                             <i>Colubrina celtidifolia</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina colubrina</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina cubensis</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus cubensis]
                                               <i>Colubrina cubensis subsp. ekmanii</i>
                                                     [Colubrina cubensis var. ekmanii]
                                               <i>Colubrina cubensis var. floridana</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina ehrenbergii</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina elliptica</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus ellipticus]
                                                   [Colubrina hondurensis]
                                             <i>Colubrina faralaotra</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina glandulosa</i>
                                               <i>Colubrina glandulosa var. antillana</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina greggii</i>
                                               <i>Colubrina greggii var. greggii</i>
                                               <i>Colubrina greggii var. yucatanensis</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina heteroneura</i>
                                                   [Cormonema multiflorum]
                                                   [Cormonema nelsoni]
                                                   [Cormonema nelsonii]
                                                   [Rhamnus gonzalezii]
                                             <i>Colubrina johnstonii</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina macrocarpa</i>
                                               <i>Colubrina macrocarpa var. lanulosa</i>
                                                     [Colubrina lanulosa]
                                               <i>Colubrina macrocarpa var. macrocarpa</i>
                                               <i>Colubrina macrocarpa var. macrocarpoides</i>
                                                     [Colubrina greggii var. macrocarpoides]
                                             <i>Colubrina megacarpa</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina mexicana</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina oppositifolia</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina reclinata</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina retusa</i>
                                               <i>Colubrina retusa subsp. latifolia</i>
                                                     [Colubrina retusa var. latifolia]
                                             <i>Colubrina rufa</i>
                                               <i>Colubrina rufa var. antillana</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina sordida</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina spinosa</i>
                                                   [Colubrina ovalifolia]
                                               <i>Colubrina spinosa subsp. mexicana</i>
                                                     [Colubrina tepicana]
                                                     [Cormonema mexicana]
                                               <i>Colubrina spinosa subsp. spinosa</i>
                                                     [Colubrina panamensis]
                                                     [Cormonema spinosum]
                                               <i>Colubrina spinosa var. mexicana</i>
                                                     [Cormonema mexicanum]
                                             <i>Colubrina stricta</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina texensis</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus texensis]
                                               <i>Colubrina texensis var. pedunculata</i>
                                               <i>Colubrina texensis var. texensis</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina triflora</i>
                                                   [Colubrina ehrenbergii f. glomeratoides]
                                                   [Colubrina glomerata]
                                                   [Colubrina guatemalensis]
                                                   [Colubrina mollis]
                                                   [Rhamnus glomerata]
                                             <i>Colubrina urbanii</i>
                                             <i>Colubrina verrucosa</i>
                                                   [Hybosperma verrucosum]
                                             <i>Colubrina viridis</i>
                                                   [Colubrina glabra]
                                                   [Rhamnobrina heterophylla]
                                     <i>Conalma</i>
                                             <i>Conalma mexicana</i>
                                             <i>Conalma pedunculata</i>
                                     <i>Condalia</i>
                                             <i>Condalia brandegeei</i>
                                             <i>Condalia correllii</i>
                                             <i>Condalia divaricata</i>
                                             <i>Condalia ericoides</i>
                                                   [Microrhamnus ericoides]
                                             <i>Condalia fasciculata</i>
                                             <i>Condalia globosa</i>
                                               <i>Condalia globosa globosa</i>
                                               <i>Condalia globosa var. globosa</i>
                                               <i>Condalia globosa var. pubescens</i>
                                             <i>Condalia henriquezii</i>
                                             <i>Condalia hookeri</i>
                                               <i>Condalia hookeri var. edwardsiana</i>
                                                     [Condalia obovata var. edwardsiana]
                                               <i>Condalia hookeri var. hookeri</i>
                                             <i>Condalia lloydii</i>
                                             <i>Condalia mexicana</i>
                                                   [Condalia mexicana var. mexicana]
                                                   [Condalia mexicana var. petalifera]
                                             <i>Condalia microphylla</i>
                                                   [Condalia lineata]
                                             <i>Condalia mirandana</i>
                                             <i>Condalia obovata</i>
                                             <i>Condalia sonorae</i>
                                             <i>Condalia spathulata</i>
                                             <i>Condalia velutina</i>
                                             <i>Condalia viridis</i>
                                             <i>Condalia warnockii</i>
                                               <i>Condalia warnockii var. kearneyana</i>
                                               <i>Condalia warnockii var. warnockii</i>
                                     <i>Condaliopsis</i>
                                             <i>Condaliopsis australis</i>
                                     <i>Cormonema</i>
                                             <i>Cormonema biglandulosa</i>
                                     <i>Crumenaria</i>
                                             <i>Crumenaria decumbens</i>
                                                   [Crumenaria steyermarkii]
                                             <i>Crumenaria erecta</i>
                                                   [Crumenaria choretroides]
                                                   [Crumenaria polygaloides]
                                             <i>Crumenaria lilloi</i>
                                     <i>Cryptandra</i>
                                             <i>Cryptandra amara</i>
                                             <i>Cryptandra australis</i>
                                                   [Cryptandra ericifolia]
                                             <i>Cryptandra leucophracta</i>
                                                   [Stenanthemum leucophractum]
                                             <i>Cryptandra nola</i>
                                             <i>Cryptandra parvifolia</i>
                                                   [Spyridium parvifolium]
                                             <i>Cryptandra tomentosa</i>
                                             <i>Cryptandra waterhousii</i>
                                     <i>Discaria</i>
                                             <i>Discaria americana</i>
                                             <i>Discaria articulata</i>
                                             <i>Discaria chacaye</i>
                                             <i>Discaria pubescens</i>
                                                   [Discaria australis]
                                             <i>Discaria serratifolia</i>
                                             <i>Discaria toumatou</i>
                                             <i>Discaria trinervis</i>
                                     <i>Doerpfeldia</i>
                                             <i>Doerpfeldia cubensis</i>
                                                   [Sarcomphalus cubensis]
                                     <i>Emmenosperma</i>
                                     <i>Emmenospermum</i>
                                     <i>Endotropis</i>
                                             <i>Endotropis alnifolia</i>
                                             <i>Endotropis crocea</i>
                                               <i>Endotropis crocea subsp. pirifolia</i>
                                                     [Rhamnus catalinae]
                                             <i>Endotropis lanceolata</i>
                                               <i>Endotropis lanceolata subsp. lanceolata</i>
                                                     [Rhamnus shortii]
                                             <i>Endotropis serrata</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus serrata var. guatemalensis]
                                             <i>Endotropis smithii</i>
                                             <i>Endotropis standleyana</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus standleyana]
                                     <i>Forrestia</i>
                                     <i>Frangula</i>
                                             <i>Frangula X blumeri</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus blumeri]
                                             <i>Frangula alnus</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus frangula subsp. columnaris]
                                                   [Rhamnus frangula var. angustifolia]
                                                   [Rhamnus frangula]
                                               <i>Frangula alnus subsp. alnus</i>
                                                     [Frangula alnus var. asplenifolia]
                                                     [Frangula frangula]
                                                     [Rhamnus alnus]
                                                     [Rhamnus frangula var. latifolia]
                                               <i>Frangula alnus var. alnus</i>
                                             <i>Frangula azorica</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus latifolia]
                                             <i>Frangula betulifolia</i>
                                               <i>Frangula betulifolia subsp. betulifolia</i>
                                               <i>Frangula betulifolia subsp. obovata</i>
                                                     [Rhamnus betulifolia var. obovata]
                                               <i>Frangula betulifolia var. betulifolia</i>
                                             <i>Frangula borneensis</i>
                                             <i>Frangula breedlovei</i>
                                             <i>Frangula californica</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus californica californica]
                                                   [Rhamnus californica subsp. crassifolia]
                                                   [Rhamnus californica subsp. cuspidata]
                                                   [Rhamnus californica subsp. occidentalis]
                                                   [Rhamnus californica var. californica]
                                                   [Rhamnus californica var. occidentalis]
                                                   [Rhamnus californica]
                                               <i>Frangula californica californica</i>
                                               <i>Frangula californica subsp. californica</i>
                                                     [Rhamnus californica subsp. californica]
                                               <i>Frangula californica subsp. crassifolia</i>
                                                     [Rhamnus californica var. crassifolia]
                                               <i>Frangula californica subsp. cuspidata</i>
                                               <i>Frangula californica subsp. occidentalis</i>
                                                     [Rhamnus occidentalis]
                                               <i>Frangula californica subsp. tomentella</i>
                                               <i>Frangula californica subsp. ursina</i>
                                                     [Rhamnus californica subsp. ursina]
                                                     [Rhamnus californica var. ursina]
                                                     [Rhamnus tomentella subsp. ursina]
                                             <i>Frangula capreifolia</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus capraeifolia]
                                                   [Rhamnus capreifolia var. grandifolia]
                                                   [Rhamnus capreifolia var. matudae]
                                               <i>Frangula capreifolia var. capreifolia</i>
                                               <i>Frangula capreifolia var. grandifolia</i>
                                                     [Rhamnus capraeifolia var. grandifolia]
                                             <i>Frangula caroliniana</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus caroliniana var. caroliniana]
                                                   [Rhamnus caroliniana var. mollis]
                                                   [Rhamnus caroliniana]
                                             <i>Frangula crenata</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus crenata]
                                             <i>Frangula discolor</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus capreifolia var. discolor]
                                                   [Rhamnus discolor]
                                               <i>Frangula discolor var. discolor</i>
                                               <i>Frangula discolor var. mesoamericana</i>
                                                     [Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. mesoamericana]
                                             <i>Frangula goudotiana</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus atroviridis]
                                                   [Rhamnus chimantensis]
                                                   [Rhamnus goudotiana]
                                             <i>Frangula granulosa</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus granulosa]
                                             <i>Frangula hintonii</i>
                                             <i>Frangula longistyla</i>
                                             <i>Frangula macrocarpa</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus macrocarpa]
                                             <i>Frangula mcvaughii</i>
                                             <i>Frangula microphylla</i>
                                             <i>Frangula mucronata</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus nelsonii]
                                             <i>Frangula obovata</i>
                                             <i>Frangula oreodendron</i>
                                             <i>Frangula palmeri</i>
                                             <i>Frangula pendula</i>
                                             <i>Frangula pinetorum</i>
                                             <i>Frangula polymorpha</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus boliviana]
                                                   [Rhamnus polymorpha]
                                             <i>Frangula pringlei</i>
                                             <i>Frangula purshiana</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus purshiana]
                                               <i>Frangula purshiana subsp. purshiana</i>
                                             <i>Frangula revoluta</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus revoluta]
                                             <i>Frangula rubra</i>
                                               <i>Frangula rubra subsp. modocensis</i>
                                               <i>Frangula rubra subsp. nevadensis</i>
                                                     [Rhamnus nevadensis]
                                               <i>Frangula rubra subsp. obtusissima</i>
                                                     [Rhamnus obtusissima]
                                               <i>Frangula rubra subsp. rubra</i>
                                                     [Rhamnus rubra subsp. modocensis]
                                                     [Rhamnus rubra subsp. nevadensis]
                                                     [Rhamnus rubra subsp. obtusissima]
                                                     [Rhamnus rubra subsp. rubra]
                                                     [Rhamnus rubra subsp. yosemitana]
                                                     [Rhamnus rubra]
                                               <i>Frangula rubra subsp. yosemitana</i>
                                                     [Rhamnus rubra var. yosemitana]
                                             <i>Frangula scopulorum</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus serrata var. scopulorum]
                                             <i>Frangula sphaerosperma</i>
                                               <i>Frangula sphaerosperma subsp. longipes</i>
                                             <i>Frangula surotatensis</i>
                                             <i>Frangula tomentella</i>
                                             <i>Frangula ursina</i>
                                             <i>Frangula wendtii</i>
                                             <i>Frangula ×blumeri</i>
                                     <i>Gouania</i>
                                             <i>Gouania bishopii</i>
                                             <i>Gouania conzattii</i>
                                             <i>Gouania cornifolia</i>
                                             <i>Gouania croatii</i>
                                             <i>Gouania cucullata</i>
                                             <i>Gouania ekmanii</i>
                                             <i>Gouania eurycarpa</i>
                                             <i>Gouania faurieri</i>
                                             <i>Gouania ferruginea</i>
                                             <i>Gouania frangulifolia</i>
                                             <i>Gouania gagnei</i>
                                             <i>Gouania guiengolensis</i>
                                             <i>Gouania hawaiiensis</i>
                                             <i>Gouania hillebrandii</i>
                                             <i>Gouania hypoglauca</i>
                                             <i>Gouania latifolia</i>
                                             <i>Gouania laxiflora</i>
                                                   [Gouania glandulosa var. recurviloba]
                                                   [Gouania leguatii]
                                                   [Gouania lineata var. recurviloba]
                                                   [Gouania mozambicensis]
                                             <i>Gouania leptostachya</i>
                                             <i>Gouania lineata</i>
                                             <i>Gouania longipetala</i>
                                                   [Gouania klainei]
                                             <i>Gouania longispicata</i>
                                                   [Gouania seretii]
                                                   [Gouania ulugurica]
                                             <i>Gouania lupuloides</i>
                                                   [Banisteria lupuloides]
                                                   [Gouania domingensis]
                                                   [Gouania glabriuscula]
                                                   [Gouania lupuloides var. aptera]
                                             <i>Gouania lydgatei</i>
                                             <i>Gouania mannii</i>
                                             <i>Gouania mauritiana</i>
                                             <i>Gouania mexicana</i>
                                             <i>Gouania meyenii</i>
                                             <i>Gouania microcarpa</i>
                                             <i>Gouania mollis</i>
                                             <i>Gouania myriocarpa</i>
                                                   [Gouania mauritiana subsp. myriocarpa]
                                             <i>Gouania obamana</i>
                                             <i>Gouania obtusifolia</i>
                                                   [Gouania javanica]
                                             <i>Gouania oliveri</i>
                                             <i>Gouania phillipsonii</i>
                                             <i>Gouania pilata</i>
                                             <i>Gouania polygama</i>
                                                   [Gouania tomentosa]
                                                   [Rhamnus polygama]
                                             <i>Gouania pubidisca</i>
                                             <i>Gouania remyi</i>
                                             <i>Gouania rosei</i>
                                             <i>Gouania sandwichiana</i>
                                             <i>Gouania scandens</i>
                                                   [Retinaria scandens]
                                             <i>Gouania stipularis</i>
                                                   [Gouania pallida]
                                             <i>Gouania thinophila</i>
                                             <i>Gouania tiliifolia</i>
                                               <i>Gouania tiliifolia subsp. tiliifolia</i>
                                             <i>Gouania trichodonta</i>
                                             <i>Gouania ulmifolia</i>
                                             <i>Gouania urticifolia</i>
                                             <i>Gouania velutina</i>
                                                   [Gouania colurnifolia]
                                             <i>Gouania viridis</i>
                                             <i>Gouania vitifolia</i>
                                     <i>Helinus</i>
                                             <i>Helinus integrifolius</i>
                                                   [Gouania integrifolia]
                                                   [Helinus scandens]
                                                   [Willemetia scandens]
                                             <i>Helinus lanceolatus</i>
                                                   [Gouania lanceolata]
                                             <i>Helinus mystacinus</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus mystacinus]
                                             <i>Helinus ovatus</i>
                                     <i>Hovenia</i>
                                             <i>Hovenia acerba</i>
                                             <i>Hovenia celtidifolia</i>
                                             <i>Hovenia dulcis</i>
                                             <i>Hovenia tomentella</i>
                                             <i>Hovenia trichocarpa</i>
                                                   [Hovenia tomentosa]
                                     <i>Hybosperma</i>
                                             <i>Hybosperma spinosum</i>
                                     <i>Johnstonalia</i>
                                             <i>Johnstonalia axilliflora</i>
                                                   [Gouania axilliflora]
                                     <i>Karlea</i>
                                     <i>Karwinskia</i>
                                             <i>Karwinskia bicolor</i>
                                                   [Rhamnidium bicolor]
                                             <i>Karwinskia calderonii</i>
                                             <i>Karwinskia caloneura</i>
                                             <i>Karwinskia humboldtiana</i>
                                                   [Karwinskia glandulosa]
                                                   [Rhamnus biniflora]
                                             <i>Karwinskia johnstonii</i>
                                             <i>Karwinskia latifolia</i>
                                             <i>Karwinskia mollis</i>
                                             <i>Karwinskia oblongifolia</i>
                                                   [Rhamnidium oblongifolium]
                                             <i>Karwinskia orbiculata</i>
                                             <i>Karwinskia parvifolia</i>
                                               <i>Karwinskia parvifolia var. parvifolia</i>
                                               <i>Karwinskia parvifolia var. pubescens</i>
                                             <i>Karwinskia pluvialis</i>
                                                   [Rhamnidium caloneurum]
                                             <i>Karwinskia pubescens</i>
                                             <i>Karwinskia rzedowskii</i>
                                             <i>Karwinskia subcordata</i>
                                             <i>Karwinskia tehuacana</i>
                                             <i>Karwinskia umbellata</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus umbellatus]
                                             <i>Karwinskia venturae</i>
                                     <i>Karwinskya</i>
                                     <i>Kentrothamnus</i>
                                             <i>Kentrothamnus weddellianus</i>
                                                   [Colletia foliosa]
                                     <i>Krugiodendron</i>
                                             <i>Krugiodendron ferreum</i>
                                                   [Condalia ferrea]
                                                   [Myginda integrifolia]
                                                   [Rhamnus brandegeana]
                                                   [Rhamnus brandegeeana]
                                                   [Rhamnus purpusii]
                                     <i>Lamellisepalum</i>
                                     <i>Lasiodiscus</i>
                                             <i>Lasiodiscus chevalieri</i>
                                                   [Lasiodiscus mannii var. chevalieri]
                                             <i>Lasiodiscus fasciculiflorus</i>
                                                   [Lasiodiscus contumax]
                                                   [Lasiodiscus usambarensis var. gossweileri]
                                             <i>Lasiodiscus gillardinii</i>
                                             <i>Lasiodiscus holtzii</i>
                                             <i>Lasiodiscus lebrunii</i>
                                             <i>Lasiodiscus mannii</i>
                                                   [Lasiodiscus klainei]
                                                   [Lasiodiscus mannii var. tessmannii]
                                                   [Lasiodiscus zenkeri]
                                             <i>Lasiodiscus marmoratus</i>
                                             <i>Lasiodiscus mildbraedii</i>
                                                   [Lasiodiscus glabridiscus]
                                                   [Lasiodiscus glabristipulatus]
                                             <i>Lasiodiscus palustris</i>
                                             <i>Lasiodiscus pervillei</i>
                                               <i>Lasiodiscus pervillei subsp. ferrugineus</i>
                                                     [Lasiodiscus ferrugineus]
                                                     [Lasiodiscus mildbraedii subsp. ferrugineus]
                                               <i>Lasiodiscus pervillei subsp. pervillei</i>
                                                     [Lasiodiscus mildbraedii var. undulatus]
                                             <i>Lasiodiscus rozeirae</i>
                                             <i>Lasiodiscus usambarensis</i>
                                     <i>Maesopsis</i>
                                             <i>Maesopsis eminii</i>
                                               <i>Maesopsis eminii subsp. berchemioides</i>
                                                     [Berchemia excavata]
                                                     [Karlea berchemioides]
                                               <i>Maesopsis eminii subsp. eminii</i>
                                     <i>Microrhamnus</i>
                                     <i>Noltea</i>
                                             <i>Noltea africana</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus africanus]
                                     <i>Ochetophila</i>
                                             <i>Ochetophila nana</i>
                                     <i>Paliurus</i>
                                             <i>Paliurus hemsleyanus</i>
                                             <i>Paliurus ramosissimus</i>
                                             <i>Paliurus spina-christi</i>
                                                   [Paliurus aculeatus]
                                     <i>Phylica</i>
                                             <i>Phylica acmaephylla</i>
                                             <i>Phylica aemula</i>
                                             <i>Phylica altigena</i>
                                             <i>Phylica amoena</i>
                                             <i>Phylica atrata</i>
                                             <i>Phylica axillaris</i>
                                               <i>Phylica axillaris var. lutescens</i>
                                                     [Phylica lutescens]
                                               <i>Phylica axillaris var. maritima</i>
                                             <i>Phylica brevifolia</i>
                                             <i>Phylica buxifolia</i>
                                             <i>Phylica callosa</i>
                                             <i>Phylica cephalantha</i>
                                             <i>Phylica chionocephala</i>
                                             <i>Phylica comosa</i>
                                             <i>Phylica confusa</i>
                                             <i>Phylica cryptandroides</i>
                                             <i>Phylica cylindrica</i>
                                             <i>Phylica dioica</i>
                                                   [Phylica reflexa]
                                             <i>Phylica diosmoides</i>
                                             <i>Phylica disticha</i>
                                             <i>Phylica emirnensis</i>
                                                   [Phylica emirnensis var. nyasae]
                                                   [Phylica tropica]
                                             <i>Phylica ericoides</i>
                                               <i>Phylica ericoides var. ericoides</i>
                                               <i>Phylica ericoides var. montana</i>
                                             <i>Phylica excelsa</i>
                                             <i>Phylica fruticosa</i>
                                             <i>Phylica gnidioides</i>
                                             <i>Phylica imberbis</i>
                                               <i>Phylica imberbis var. eriophoros</i>
                                                     [Phylica eriophoros]
                                             <i>Phylica lanata</i>
                                             <i>Phylica lasiocarpa</i>
                                             <i>Phylica maximiliani</i>
                                             <i>Phylica microcephala</i>
                                             <i>Phylica minutiflora</i>
                                             <i>Phylica nervosa</i>
                                             <i>Phylica nigrita</i>
                                             <i>Phylica nitida</i>
                                                   [Phylica mauritiana]
                                             <i>Phylica odorata</i>
                                             <i>Phylica oleifolia</i>
                                                   [Phylica oleoides]
                                             <i>Phylica paniculata</i>
                                             <i>Phylica papillosa</i>
                                             <i>Phylica parviflora</i>
                                             <i>Phylica pinea</i>
                                             <i>Phylica plumigera</i>
                                             <i>Phylica plumosa</i>
                                             <i>Phylica pulchella</i>
                                             <i>Phylica purpurea</i>
                                               <i>Phylica purpurea var. pearsonii</i>
                                             <i>Phylica rigida</i>
                                                   [Phylica capitata]
                                             <i>Phylica rosmarinifolia</i>
                                             <i>Phylica spicata</i>
                                             <i>Phylica stenopetala</i>
                                             <i>Phylica strigosa</i>
                                                   [Phylica bicolor]
                                             <i>Phylica tuberculata</i>
                                             <i>Phylica villosa</i>
                                             <i>Phylica wittebergensis</i>
                                     <i>Phyllogeiton</i>
                                     <i>Pomaderris</i>
                                             <i>Pomaderris andromedifolia</i>
                                               <i>Pomaderris andromedifolia subsp. andromedifolia</i>
                                             <i>Pomaderris apetala</i>
                                             <i>Pomaderris cinerea</i>
                                             <i>Pomaderris discolor</i>
                                                   [Ceanothus discolor]
                                             <i>Pomaderris edgerleyi</i>
                                                   [Pomaderris prunifolia var. edgerleyi]
                                             <i>Pomaderris elliptica</i>
                                             <i>Pomaderris ferruginea</i>
                                             <i>Pomaderris hamiltonii</i>
                                             <i>Pomaderris kumeraho</i>
                                             <i>Pomaderris lanigera</i>
                                             <i>Pomaderris multiflora</i>
                                             <i>Pomaderris obcordata</i>
                                             <i>Pomaderris oraria</i>
                                             <i>Pomaderris paniculosa</i>
                                             <i>Pomaderris phylicifolia</i>
                                               <i>Pomaderris phylicifolia subsp. phylicifolia</i>
                                                     [Pomaderris phylicifolia var. ericifolia]
                                               <i>Pomaderris phylicifolia var. polifolia</i>
                                             <i>Pomaderris prunifolia</i>
                                             <i>Pomaderris racemosa</i>
                                                   [Pomaderris ovaria]
                                                   [Pomaderris subrepanda]
                                             <i>Pomaderris rugosa</i>
                                     <i>Pseudoziziphus</i>
                                             <i>Pseudoziziphus celata</i>
                                             <i>Pseudoziziphus parryi</i>
                                                   [Pseudoziziphus parryi var. microphylla]
                                                   [Ziziphus parryi var. microphylla]
                                               <i>Pseudoziziphus parryi var. parryi</i>
                                     <i>Reissekia</i>
                                     <i>Retanilla</i>
                                             <i>Retanilla ephedra</i>
                                             <i>Retanilla trinervia</i>
                                                   [Trevoa trinervia]
                                                   [Trevoa trinervis]
                                     <i>Retinaria</i>
                                     <i>Reynosia</i>
                                             <i>Reynosia barbatula</i>
                                             <i>Reynosia camagueyensis</i>
                                                   [Reynosia ekmanii]
                                             <i>Reynosia cuneifolia</i>
                                             <i>Reynosia domingensis</i>
                                             <i>Reynosia guama</i>
                                             <i>Reynosia jamaicensis</i>
                                             <i>Reynosia krugii</i>
                                             <i>Reynosia latifolia</i>
                                             <i>Reynosia microphylla</i>
                                                   [Reynosia intermedia]
                                             <i>Reynosia moaensis</i>
                                             <i>Reynosia mucronata</i>
                                             <i>Reynosia regia</i>
                                             <i>Reynosia retusa</i>
                                             <i>Reynosia septentrionalis</i>
                                             <i>Reynosia uncinata</i>
                                             <i>Reynosia vivesiana</i>
                                             <i>Reynosia wrightii</i>
                                                   [Rhamnidium retusum]
                                     <i>Rhamnella</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnella franguloides</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnella gilgitica</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnella vitiensis</i>
                                     <i>Rhamnidium</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnidium elaeocarpum</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnidium revolutum</i>
                                     <i>Rhamnobrina</i>
                                     <i>Rhamnus</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus alaternus</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus alaternus subsp. alaternus</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus alaternus subsp. pendula</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus alnifolia</i>
                                                   [Frangula americana]
                                             <i>Rhamnus alpina</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus alpina subsp. alpina</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus arguta</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus arguta var. velutina</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus betulaefolia</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus betulifolia</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus betulifolia var. betulifolia</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus brachypoda</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus breedlovei</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus capreaefolia</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus capreifolia</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus capreifolia var. capreifolia</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus cathartica</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus cathartica var. pubescens]
                                             <i>Rhamnus chlorophora</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus costata</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus crenulatus</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus crocea</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus crocea subsp. crocea</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus crocea subsp. insula</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus crocea subsp. pilosa</i>
                                                     [Rhamnus pilosa]
                                               <i>Rhamnus crocea subsp. pirifolia</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus crocea var. crocea</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus crocea var. insularis</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus crocea var. pilosa</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus crocea var. pirifolia</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus davurica</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus davurica subsp. davurica</i>
                                                     [Rhamnus citrifolia]
                                               <i>Rhamnus davurica subsp. nipponica</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus davurica var. davurica</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus davurica var. nipponica</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus dianthes</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus diffusa</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus disperma</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus dolichophylla</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus dumetorum</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus erythroxylum</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus esquirolii</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus ferrea</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus ferreus</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus flavescens</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus formosana</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus franguloides</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus fulvotincta</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus gilgiana</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus glandulosa</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus globosa</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus globosus</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus hainanensis</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus henryi</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus hintonii</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus humboldtiana</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus ilicifolia</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus crocea subsp. ilicifolia]
                                                   [Rhamnus crocea var. ilicifolia]
                                             <i>Rhamnus infectoria</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus insula</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus insularis</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus integrifolia</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus ishidae</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus japonica</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus japonica var. decipiens</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus japonica var. microphylla</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus koraiensis</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus kurdica</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus lanceolata</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus lanceolata subsp. glabrata</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus lanceolata subsp. lanceolata</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus lanceolata var. glabrata</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus lanceolata var. lanceolata</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus leptophylla</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus libanotica</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus liukiuensis</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus longipes</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus longistyla</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus lycioides</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus lycioides subsp. atlantica</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus lycioides subsp. borgiae</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus lycioides subsp. lycioides</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus lycioides subsp. oleoides</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus lycioides subsp. velutina</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus matudai</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus mcvaughii</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus microphylla</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus mildbraedii</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus minutiflora</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus mucronata</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus myrtifolia</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus napalensis</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus oleoides</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus oreodendron</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus paliurus</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus pallasii</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus palmeri</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus parvifolia</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus pianensis]
                                             <i>Rhamnus petiolaris</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus pinetorum</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus pirifolia</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus pompana</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus pringlei</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus prinoides</i>
                                                   [Celtis rhamnifolia]
                                                   [Rhamnus pauciflora]
                                             <i>Rhamnus procumbens</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus prostrata</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus pubescens</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus pumila</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus purpurea</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus rosei</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus rugulosa</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus rupestris</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus saxatilis</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus scandens</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus schneideri</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus glabra]
                                               <i>Rhamnus schneideri var. manshurica</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus scopulorum</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus serpyllacea</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus serrata</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus fasciculata]
                                                   [Rhamnus serrata var. serrata]
                                                   [Rhamnus smithii subsp. fasciculata]
                                             <i>Rhamnus sharpii</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus smithii</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus smithi]
                                                   [Rhamnus smithii subsp. typica]
                                               <i>Rhamnus smithii subsp. smithii</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus sphaerosperma</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. longipes</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. pubescens</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus staddo</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus deflersii]
                                                   [Rhamnus holstii]
                                                   [Rhamnus infusionum]
                                                   [Rhamnus rhodesicus]
                                                   [Rhamnus staddo var. deflersii]
                                                   [Rhamnus uhligii]
                                             <i>Rhamnus surotatensis</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus tangutica</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus tinctoria</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus tomentella</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus californica subsp. tomentella]
                                                   [Rhamnus californica var. tomentella]
                                               <i>Rhamnus tomentella subsp. crassifolia</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus tomentella subsp. cuspidata</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus tomentella subsp. tomentella</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus triquetra</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus ursina</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus ussuriensis</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus utilis</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus virgata</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus volubilis</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus wightii</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus wilsonii</i>
                                               <i>Rhamnus wilsonii var. pilosa</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus wumingensis</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus x spathulifolia</i>
                                             <i>Rhamnus yoshinoi</i>
                                     <i>Sageretia</i>
                                             <i>Sageretia brandrethiana</i>
                                             <i>Sageretia elegans</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus elegans]
                                             <i>Sageretia filiformis</i>
                                             <i>Sageretia hamosa</i>
                                                   [Berchemia hamosa]
                                             <i>Sageretia henryi</i>
                                             <i>Sageretia laxiflora</i>
                                             <i>Sageretia lucida</i>
                                             <i>Sageretia melliana</i>
                                             <i>Sageretia mexicana</i>
                                             <i>Sageretia minutiflora</i>
                                             <i>Sageretia parviflora</i>
                                             <i>Sageretia randaiensis</i>
                                             <i>Sageretia thea</i>
                                                   [Berchemia yemensis]
                                                   [Lamellisepalum hildebrandtii]
                                                   [Rhamnus laetevirens]
                                                   [Rhamnus spiciflorus]
                                                   [Rhamnus thea]
                                                   [Rhamnus theezans]
                                                   [Sageretia laetevirens]
                                                   [Sageretia spiciflora]
                                                   [Sageretia theezans var. hildebrandii]
                                                   [Sageretia theezans var. schweinfurthii]
                                                   [Sageretia theezans var. spiciflora]
                                                   [Sageretia yemensis]
                                               <i>Sageretia thea subsp. thea</i>
                                                     [Sageretia theezans]
                                             <i>Sageretia wrightii</i>
                                             <i>Sageretia yunlongensis</i>
                                     <i>Sarcomphalus</i>
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus acutifolius</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus acutifolia]
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus amole</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus amole]
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus bidens</i>
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus chloroxylon</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus chloroxylon]
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus cinnamomum</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus itacaiunensis]
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus crenatus</i>
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus divaricatus</i>
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus domingensis</i>
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus guatemalensis</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus guatemalensis]
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus havanensis</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus havanensis]
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus joazeiro</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus joazeiro]
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus laurinus</i>
                                                   [Sarcomphalus laurinus var. fawcettii]
                                                   [Ziziphus sarcomphalus]
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus mexicanus</i>
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus microdictyus</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus microdictya]
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus obtusifolius</i>
                                                   [Condaliopsis obtusifolia]
                                                   [Ziziphus obtusifolia]
                                               <i>Sarcomphalus obtusifolius var. canescens</i>
                                                     [Condalia lycioides var. canescens]
                                                     [Condaliopsis lycioides var. canescens]
                                                     [Ziziphus lycioides var. canescens]
                                                     [Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens]
                                               <i>Sarcomphalus obtusifolius var. obtusifolius</i>
                                                     [Condalia lycioides]
                                                     [Condalia obtusifolia]
                                                     [Condaliopsis lycioides]
                                                     [Ziziphus obtusifolia var. obtusifolia]
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus pedunculatus</i>
                                                   [Condalia pedunculata]
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus reticulatus</i>
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus rhodoxylon</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus rhodoxylon]
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus saeri</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus angolito]
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus strychnifolius</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus strychnifolia]
                                             <i>Sarcomphalus taylorii</i>
                                     <i>Schistocarpaea</i>
                                             <i>Schistocarpaea johnsonii</i>
                                     <i>Scutia</i>
                                             <i>Scutia buxifolia</i>
                                             <i>Scutia myrtina</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus capensis]
                                                   [Rhamnus circumscissa]
                                                   [Rhamnus lucida]
                                                   [Rhamnus myrtina]
                                                   [Scutia commersonii]
                                                   [Scutia hutchinsonii]
                                                   [Scutia indica var. oblongifolia]
                                                   [Scutia indica]
                                                   [Scutia myrtina var. oblongifolia]
                                             <i>Scutia spicata</i>
                                               <i>Scutia spicata var. pauciflora</i>
                                     <i>Smythea</i>
                                             <i>Smythea lanceata</i>
                                     <i>Soulangia</i>
                                             <i>Soulangia oleifolia</i>
                                     <i>Spyridium</i>
                                             <i>Spyridium bifidum</i>
                                             <i>Spyridium coactilifolium</i>
                                             <i>Spyridium daltonii</i>
                                                   [Cryptandra daltonii]
                                             <i>Spyridium eriocephalum</i>
                                             <i>Spyridium halmaturinum</i>
                                             <i>Spyridium leucopogon</i>
                                             <i>Spyridium phlebophyllum</i>
                                             <i>Spyridium phylicoides</i>
                                             <i>Spyridium scortechinii</i>
                                             <i>Spyridium spathulatum</i>
                                             <i>Spyridium subochreatum</i>
                                             <i>Spyridium thymifolium</i>
                                             <i>Spyridium vexilliferum</i>
                                             <i>Spyridium villosum</i>
                                     <i>Stenanthemum</i>
                                     <i>Talguenea</i>
                                     <i>Trevoa</i>
                                             <i>Trevoa patagonica</i>
                                             <i>Trevoa quinquenervia</i>
                                                   [Talguenea quinquenervia]
                                     <i>Trichocephalus</i>
                                             <i>Trichocephalus stipularis</i>
                                                   [Phylica stipularis]
                                     <i>Trymalium</i>
                                             <i>Trymalium spathulatum</i>
                                     <i>Ventilago</i>
                                             <i>Ventilago africana</i>
                                             <i>Ventilago cristata</i>
                                             <i>Ventilago denticulata</i>
                                                   [Ventilago calyculata]
                                             <i>Ventilago dichotoma</i>
                                             <i>Ventilago diffusa</i>
                                                   [Celastrus diffusus]
                                             <i>Ventilago elegans</i>
                                             <i>Ventilago harmandiana</i>
                                             <i>Ventilago inaequilateralis</i>
                                             <i>Ventilago leiocarpa</i>
                                             <i>Ventilago lucens</i>
                                             <i>Ventilago palawanensis</i>
                                             <i>Ventilago vitiensis</i>
                                     <i>Ziziphus</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus abyssinica</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus atacorensis var. oblongifolia]
                                                   [Ziziphus atacorensis]
                                                   [Ziziphus baguirmiae]
                                                   [Ziziphus jujuba f. oblongifolia]
                                                   [Ziziphus jujuba var. nemoralis]
                                                   [Ziziphus jujuba var. obliquifolia]
                                                   [Ziziphus mauritiana var. abyssinica]
                                             <i>Ziziphus affinis</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus angustifolia</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus grewioides]
                                             <i>Ziziphus borneensis</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus calophylla</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus cambodianus</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus celata</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus cinnamomum</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus cotinifolia</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus crebrivenosa</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus lenticellata]
                                             <i>Ziziphus cumingiana</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus divaricata</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus djamuensis</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus elmeri</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus fungii</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus hamur</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus incurva</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus sativa]
                                                   [Ziziphus vulgaris]
                                                   [Ziziphus zizyphus]
                                               <i>Ziziphus jujuba var. inermis</i>
                                               <i>Ziziphus jujuba var. jujuba</i>
                                               <i>Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa</i>
                                                     [Ziziphus spinosa]
                                             <i>Ziziphus laui</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus leucodermis</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus leucodermis]
                                             <i>Ziziphus lloydii</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus lotus</i>
                                               <i>Ziziphus lotus subsp. lotus</i>
                                               <i>Ziziphus lotus subsp. saharae</i>
                                                     [Ziziphus nummularia var. saharae]
                                             <i>Ziziphus lycioides</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus mauritiana</i>
                                                   [Rhamnus jujuba]
                                                   [Rhamnus mauritiana]
                                                   [Ziziphus aucheri]
                                                   [Ziziphus jujuba f. aequilaterifolia]
                                                   [Ziziphus jujuba var. stenocarpa]
                                                   [Ziziphus mauritiana var. deserticola]
                                                   [Ziziphus mauritiana var. muratiana]
                                                   [Ziziphus mauritiana var. orthacantha]
                                                   [Ziziphus muratiana]
                                                   [Ziziphus orthacantha]
                                                   [Ziziphus rotunda]
                                                   [Ziziphus tomentosa]
                                             <i>Ziziphus mexicana</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus mistol</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus mucronata</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus baclei]
                                               <i>Ziziphus mucronata subsp. mucronata</i>
                                                     [Ziziphus adelensis]
                                                     [Ziziphus bubaliana]
                                                     [Ziziphus madecassus]
                                                     [Ziziphus mitis]
                                               <i>Ziziphus mucronata subsp. rhodesica</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus nummularia</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus oenopolia</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus oxyphylla</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus acuminata]
                                             <i>Ziziphus parryi</i>
                                                   [Condalia parryi]
                                                   [Condaliopsis parryi]
                                                   [Ziziphus parryi var. parryi]
                                             <i>Ziziphus pedunculata</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus pubescens</i>
                                                   [Celtis polyclada]
                                               <i>Ziziphus pubescens subsp. glabra</i>
                                               <i>Ziziphus pubescens subsp. pubescens</i>
                                                     [Ziziphus espinosa]
                                             <i>Ziziphus reticulata</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus rignonii</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus rivularis</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus robertsoniana</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus rugosa</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus sonorensis</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i>
                                               <i>Ziziphus spina-christi var. microphylla</i>
                                                     [Ziziphus amphibia]
                                             <i>Ziziphus suluensis</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus talanai</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus zonulatus]
                                             <i>Ziziphus taylorii</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus trinervia</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus xylopyrus</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus rotundifolia]
                                             <i>Ziziphus yucatanensis</i>
                                             <i>Ziziphus zeyheriana</i>
                                                   [Ziziphus jujuba var. aequilaterifolia]
                                                   [Ziziphus jujuba var. nana]