ASU:Plants
ASU0296288 J.M. Andre 26970 2013-09-13
United States, California, San Bernardino, Mojave National Preserve: along Kelbaker Rd, 6 miles north of Granite Pass, just south of pipeline pump station, several miles southwest of Kelso Dunes, 34.895367 -115.654283, 874m
ASU:Plants
ASU0300093 J. M. Andre 32078 2014-10-08
United States, Arizona, Mohave, Black Mountains, dirt road 0.5 mi. south of Highway 68, 0.7 mi. east of Colorado River (at Laughlin)., 35.189633 -114.4059, 901m
ASU:Plants
ASU0299635 Jim André 26637 2013-09-11
United States, Nevada, Clark County, Newberry Mountains; Southern end of range, 0.6 mi. north of Hwy 163, 10.8 mi. west of Laughlin., 35.1792667 -114.7143333, 758m
ASU:Plants
ASU0298964 Walter Fertig 30042 2014-09-03
USA, Arizona, Pima, Sonoran Desert: Ironwood Forest National Monument, Agua Dulce spring complex, ca 1.75 miles N of Dos Titos and 1.8 miles E of Waterman Pass in the valley between the Waterman Mountains and Roskruge Mountains, 12.5 miles W of Saguaro National Park West Unit., 32.302679 -111.44469, 689m
ASU:Plants
ASU0107236 Rich Crawford 720 2012-09-29
USA, Arizona, Coconino, Little Colorado River Gorge, west rim, vicinity of Blue Springs trail, 12.5 river miles from the confluence., 36.118416 -111.702407, 1277m
ASU:Plants
ASU0299013 Walter Fertig 29891 2014-08-10
USA, Arizona, Cochise, East slope Chiricahua Mountains, slopes N of Portal CCC camp/cabins by US Forest Service visitor center at mouth of Cave Creek Canyon, ca 0.75 miles N of Cathedral Rock. T17S R31E S34 NE4 of SE4 of SW4, 31.90111 -109.16111, 1507m
ASU:Plants
ASU0063561 Gregory J. Imdorf 1513 1993-10-09
USA, Arizona, Gila, Sierra Ancha Wilderness Area in Tonto National Forest; Devil's Chasm along FSR 203 roadcut., 33.8204 -110.851, 1036m
ASU:Plants
J.M. Andre 21442 2011-10-12
United States, California, San Bernardino County, Granite Mountains; Mojave National Preserve; lower Willow Springs Basin at base of eastern fork., 34.759617 -115.684733, 1170m
ARIZ
424261 Naomi Fraga 4441 2013-08-27
United States, California, San Bernardino, Transverse Ranges; San Bernardino Mountains region: Bighorn Mountain Wilderness. North of New Dixie Mine Road., 34.27538 -116.52474, 1382m
ARIZ
418069 J. M. André 23572 2012-08-23
United States, California, San Bernardino County, Kelso Dunes; Mojave National Preserve; south end of dunes approx. 0.6 mi. NW of main public parking area, 34.89235 -115.70795, 810m
ARIZ
440136 T.R. Van Devender 2019-451 2019-09-13
Mexico, Sonora, Rancho El Llano, 14.5 km (by air) WNW of San Felipe de Jesús, Sierra Los Locos., 29.8775 -110.38722, 1304m
ARIZ
393506 Sarah J. De Groot 3380 2003-10-25
United States, California, San Bernardino County, Whipple Mountains: Just north of Mouth of Gene Wash, near Whitset Intake along Lake Havasu, 34.311944 -114.154167, 112m
ARIZ
417590 J. André 23111 2012-09-18
United States, California, San Bernardino County, Kingston Range; vicinity of Horse Thief Spring on north side of range., 35.773067 -115.887883, 1331m
ARIZ
393569 Sarah J. De Groot 3237 2003-09-28
United States, California, San Bernardino County, Whipple Mountains: Vidal Wash at intersection with Highway 95, S of Vidal., 34.095833 -114.49, 167m
ARIZ
360065 Steven P. McLaughlin 8572 2000-09-11
United States, Arizona, Santa Cruz County, San Rafael State Park; Grassland, between old residences and International Border., 31.33486 -110.60203, 1410m
ARIZ
313418 G. J. Imdorf 208-a 1991-09-07
United States, Arizona, Gila County, Tonto National Forest, Sierra Ancha Wilderness Area, north of Pueblo Canyon, 15.6 mi. south on FSR 203 from Board Tree Saddle (Hwy 288 jct.), 33.8483 -110.8691, 1280m
ARIZ
437996 A.L. Reina-G. 2015-190 2015-08-10
Mexico, Sonora, Nacozari de Garcia, Camp Bonito in Arroyo el Chinoso (El Tigre), 39.9 km (by air) WNW of Bavispe, 45.9 km (by air) ENE of Nacozari de Garcia, Sierra el Tigre., 30.576944 -109.268611, 1246m
ARIZ
418235 Jon P. Rebman 27075 2013-10-05
United States, California, San Diego County, Anza Borrego Desert State Park; Oriflamme Canyon; southeast of Julian, west of Box Canyon & south of Granite Peak; riparian area off of Mason Valley Truck Trail, 33.0146 -116.4933, 830m
ARIZ
420039 T.R. Van Devender 2013-253 2013-09-08
Mexico, Sonora, Rancho Viejo (part of Rancho el Salto), Arroyo el Schick, 17.2 km (by air) N of Nacozari, Sierra la Purica., 30.530556 -109.721944, 1657m
ARIZ
285432 Lynn Wolden 212 1989-08-02
United States, Arizona, Maricopa County, Hassayampa River Reservation (ca. 2 miles SE of Wickenburg on Hwy 89), 33.9345 -112.6933, 610m
ARIZ
190318 W. E. Booth A-83 1973-07-08
United States, Arizona, Yuma County, ca. 4 miles W of mountains east of Yuma, 32.725261 -114.692608
ARIZ
417646 J. André 22349 2011-08-18
United States, California, San Bernardino, Mojave National Preserve; along dirt road/transmission line 1.0 mi west of Ivanpah Rd. 3.4 mi. south of Morningstar Rd, approx 10 mi. south of I-15, Just north of New York mtns., 35.36265 -115.356867, 908m
ARIZ
433299 A.L. Reina-G. 2011-454 2011-09-03
Mexico, Sonora, Mpio. de Granados, 29.857222 -109.311667, 570m
ARIZ
418076 J. M. Andre 23589 2012-08-23
United States, California, San Bernardino County, Cima Dome; Mojave National Preserve; along Cima Rd. Approx. 4 mi. N of Cima Dome summit, 35.367117 -115.58825, 1337m
ASC
ASC00084453 B. Reif 10454 2006-09-17
United States, Arizona, Santa Cruz, San Rafael State Natural Area; AZGFD Grassland/ Riparian Monitoring. Vicinity of jeep trail in San Rafael Valley to immediate west of Santa Cruz River, 0.5 mi north of Mexico border., 31.34298 -110.59767, 1420m
ASC
ASC00127889 J.S. Holland 2019-88 2019-04-30
United States, Nevada, Clark, 8 miles east of U.S. Highway 95 and 0.25 miles south of the Christmas Tree Pass Road, Newberry Mountains, 35.27162 -114.742494, 1271m
ASC
ASC00040543 R. Graybosch 1265 1980-09-28
United States, Arizona, Yavapai, Coconino National Forest, West Clear Creek, 9 miles E of Camp Verde, 34.5328 -111.7036, 1097m
ASC
ASC00111128 Rich Crawford 720 2012-09-29
United States, Arizona, Coconino, Little Colorado River Gorge, west rim, vicinity of Blue Springs trail, 12.5 river miles from the confluence., 36.118416 -111.702407, 1277m
NAVA
NAVA00014084 Rich Crawford 720 2012-09-29
USA, Arizona, Coconino, Little Colorado River Gorge, west rim, vicinity of Blue Springs trail, 12.5 river miles from the confluence., 36.118416 -111.702407, 1277m
DES
DES00070980 Wendy C. Hodgson 26588 2011-10-19
USA, Arizona, Coconino County, Grand Canyon National Park, along Clear Creek Trail west of Sumner Wash., 36.105661 -112.083215, 1040m
DES
DES00097226 Lynn Wolden 212 1989-08-02
United States, Arizona, Maricopa County, Hassayampa River Reservation (ca. 2 miles SE of Wickenburg on Hwy 89), 33.9345 -112.6933, 610m
DES
DES00079484 Naomi Fraga 4389 2013-08-22
USA, California, San Bernardino County, Tranverse Ranges; San Bernardino Mountains region: Unnamed Canyon east of Rattlesnake Canyon. (Rattlesnake Canyon), 34 -116, 1280m
DES
DES00079458 Deidre Conocchioli 87 2013-10-02
USA, California, Imperial, West side of Algodones San Dunes. From Brawley, CA take Rte 78 E (Ben Hulse Hwy) for 14 mi. Turn right (S) onto unpaved BLM road., 32.972694 -115.291861, 4m
DES
DES00079463 Deidre Conocchioli 44 2013-09-10
USA, California, San Bernardino, Western Mojave Desert: S. of Ruby Mountain. From CA Hwy 247 and 62 intersection, head N on 247 for 11.3 mi. Turn left (W) on New Dixie Mine Rd. Continue on BLM Rd. 2330 for 1 mi., 34.273306 -116.490139, 1158m
DES
DES00079473 Deidre Conocchioli 50 2013-09-18
USA, California, Riverside, Colorado Desert Chocolate Mountains: Valley N of Chocolate Mts. From Desert Center take I-10 W for 9.2 mi. Exit Red Cloud Rd under I-10 onto unpaved powerline road for 0.2 mi. Road parallels old raised railroad for short distance., 33.671944 -115.563944, 442m
UCR
Scott D. White 15215 2022-10-28
United States, California, Riverside, Deep Canyon watershed: Carrizo Road near Pinyon Crest community. Both sides of road, between junction at Hwy 74 and c. 1/2 mile north, 33.60833 -116.425, 1037m
UCR
George K. Helmkamp s.n. 1986-10-18
United States, California, San Bernardino, along State Hwy 62, 3.4 miles west of Earp, 34.1575 -114.34306, 152m
UCR
Jim André 14901 2010-09-18
United States, California, San Bernardino, Mojave National Preserve; along transmission line road 2.4 mi. southwest of Nipton, in southeastern Ivanpah Valley; Ivanpah Valley, 35.43343 -115.2618, 957m
UCR
Sarah J. De Groot 7293 2014-09-09
United States, California, San Bernardino, along Hwy 62 east of Iron Mountain Road, west of Cadiz Road, at ‘Soft Shoulder’ sign, just west of Sand Draw, south-southeast of Danby Lake; Ward Valley, between Iron and Turtle Mountains, 34.09286 -115.06478, 241m
UCR
Sarah J. De Groot 7291 2014-09-09
United States, California, San Bernardino, along Hwy 62 at south end of the Calumet Mountains, north of the Coxcomb Mountains, west of Cadiz Valley, 34.09258 -115.40739, 512m
UCR
Jon P. Rebman 28836 2014-09-26
United States, California, Imperial, east of Brawley, north of Hwy 78 at Glamis and west of the railroad and Ted Kipf Road; on the eastern edge of the dune field, 33.016 -115.111, 90m
UCR
Larry Hendrickson 3255 2008-09-09
United States, California, San Diego, along north side of State Hwy 78 (Banner Grade), 0.6 mile southwest of intersection with County Road S-2, Scissors Crossing. Sandy road shoulder near access gate to California Department of Fish & Game property, 33.09333 -116.48528, 720m
UCR
Sarah J. De Groot 7283 2014-09-08
United States, California, San Bernardino, along Stoddard Wells Road (7566?), north end of road, southwest of Hwy 247, north of Stoddard Valley, Stoddard Well, and Stoddard Mountain. West-northwest of Watkins 3482, 34.78881 -117.05678, 890m
UCR
Scott D. White 15329 2022-11-30
United States, California, Riverside, south of La Quinta. Bear Creek south of disturbed/developed flood control and recreational areas, 33.63333 -116.325, 152m
UCR
Scott D. White 16413 2023-10-13
United States, California, Riverside, Palm Canyon watershed: Dutch Charlie Canyon at Dunn Road (=Palm Canyon Dr.) crossing, c. 5 miles north of Hwy 74 junction, 33.64333 -116.47833, 1098m
UCR
Scott D. White 16384 2023-09-29
United States, California, San Diego, Rockhouse Canyon Road c. 1 air mile north of the junction with Butler Canyon Rd, 33.39833 -116.37333, 457m
UCR
Jim André 29602 2013-10-11
United States, California, San Bernardino, 4.4 mi north of Hwy 66, National Trails Hwy, 1.2 mi west of Kelbaker Road, 34.6123 -115.68197, 553m
UCR
Sharon Estrada 069 2022-08-25
United States, California, San Bernardino, Rodman Mountains Wilderness: NW portion of the range. From CA Hwy 40, exist on Ft. Cady Rd. for approx 2 miles south continuing straight into dirt road then west on Troy Rd. for about 0.7 mile, 34.7645 -116.62511, 682m
UCR
Jim André 22186 2012-09-27
United States, California, San Bernardino, Castle Mountains, along faint dirt road 0.8 miles due southwest of Hart Peak, c. 2.5 mi due north of Hart Mine; Castle Mountains, 35.32337 -115.0971, 1405m
UCR
Sarah J. De Groot 3380 2003-10-25
United States, California, San Bernardino, Whipple Mtns: just north of the mouth of Gene Wash, near Whitset Intake along Lake Havasu, 34.31194 -114.15417, 112m
UCR
Sharon Estrada 071 2022-08-30
United States, California, San Bernardino, NE portion of Mescal Range, c. 1.2 air miles east from Bailey Rd. exit off I-15. Small dirt road east of Zinc Mine Rd. that continues into a desert wash, 35.46581 -115.50753, 1379m
UCR
Jim André 22328 2011-08-18
United States, California, San Bernardino, Mojave National Preserve; Ivanpah Valley, along dirt road 0.9 mile WSW of the junction of Nipton Road and Hwy I-15; Ivanpah Valley, 35.46553 -115.45482, 1105m
UCR
Sharon Estrada 085 2022-09-14
United States, California, San Bernardino, Old Woman Mountains: east of Mercury Mountain; from Hwy 66 in Essex, take Sunflower Springs Rd. for c. 8.5 miles, at the intersection continue right onto Carson Wash Rd. Make a right toward Mercury Mountain, continue for 0.8 road miles, 34.63403 -115.18208, 900m
UCR
Jon P. Rebman 6294 2000-03-23
United States, California, San Diego, south of Ocotillo Wells, small canyon before Starfish Cove Canyon, Elephant Trees Discovery Trail, 33.06861 -116.11583, 69m
UCR
Jim André 23246 2012-08-30
United States, California, San Bernardino, Fenner Valley, along BLM Road # NS119, 0.6 mile south of Route 66, between the Clipper Mountains and Old Woman Mountains, just north of RR tracks at big wash; Fenner Valley, 34.67797 -115.31962, 477m
UCR
Sarah J. De Groot 7320 2014-09-22
United States, California, San Bernardino, north side of Hwy 62 just northwest of Clark’s Pass, south end of the Sheep Hole Mountains, northeast edge of the Pinto Mountains, southeast of Dale Lake, 34.07875 -115.56414, 579m
UCR
Jon P. Rebman 27075 2013-10-05
United States, California, San Diego, Anza-Borrego Desert State Park; Oriflamme Canyon, southeast of Julian, west of Box Canyon & south of Granite Peak; riparian area off Mason Valley Truck Trail. Atlas Square: L22, 33.01461 -116.49331, 830m
UCR
Naomi Fraga 4441 2013-08-27
United States, California, San Bernardino, Bighorn Mountain Wilderness, north of New Dixie Mine Road, 34.27539 -116.52475, 1382m
UCR
Jim André 6623 2005-08-27
United States, California, San Bernardino, Granite Mtns: Lower Granite Cove, 34.77944 -115.65139, 1299m
UCR
Naomi Fraga 4533 2013-09-24
United States, California, San Bernardino, Rattlesnake Canyon, 34.34622 -116.69467, 1111m
UCR
Jim André 8706 2007-09-06
United States, California, Riverside, Joshua Tree National Park, dirt road to Lost Horse Ranger Station, below Hemmingway Buttress, 34.02306 -116.18083, 1237m
UCR
Sarah J. De Groot 7343 2014-10-08
United States, California, Imperial, along Milpitas Wash Road c. 1.7 roa dmiles south of Riverside Co. line, northwest end of Palo Verde Mountains, northeast of Tadpole Tanks, south of Coon Hollow Campground, c. 2.2 air mi west of Thumb Peak, 33.40753 -114.90361, 219m
UCR
UCR0133928 Scott D. White 15112 2022-10-07
United States, California, Riverside, Deep Canyon Watershed. Dead Indian Canyon west of Hwy 74, 33.66667 -116.41667, 305m
UCR
Jim André 9478 2008-01-03
United States, California, San Bernardino, Kelso Dunes, Mojave National Preserve, south side of Kelso Dunes, along transmission line dirt road, c. 4 mi east of main public parking area in Carr Canyon wash, 34.86953 -115.77364, 676m
UCR
Jon P. Rebman 28751 2014-09-24
United States, California, Imperial, Milpitas Wash just west of Hwy 78; south of Palo Verde and south of the Palo Verde Mountains; in the sandy wash just south of Milpitas Wash Road, 33.27819 -114.789, 133m
UCR
Jim André 21016 2011-09-29
United States, California, San Bernardino, Marble Mountains, north end of range 0.5 mi. S. of I-40, 0.9 mi. east of Kelbaker Rd, along road to radio tower, 34.7152 -115.66918, 874m
UCR
Jon P. Rebman 28712 2014-09-24
United States, California, Imperial, northeast of the Algodones Dunes, along Ogilby Road (S34) between I-8 and Hwy 78, in wash just south of Indian Pass Road, 32.93211 -114.852, 190m
UCR
Jim André 22378 2012-08-11
United States, California, San Bernardino, Van Winkle Mountains, Mojave National Preserve; north slope of range in volcanic gravel; Eastern Mojave Desert, 34.77678 -115.60765, 1109m
UCR
Scott D. White 14910 2022-08-26
United States, California, Riverside, Deep Canyon Watershed. Sawmill Trail (=USFS Route 7S01, aka Pigeon Springs Road), c. 0.5-0.8 road mile SE of trailhead parking area, 33.56667 -116.44167, 1280m
UCR
Michael Honer 4001 2011-10-24
United States, California, Riverside, Chuckwalla Valley, 11.8 km north of Desert Center, 33.816 -115.40661, 222m
UCR
Jim André 14841 2010-09-29
United States, California, San Bernardino, Cima Dome, Mojave National Preserve; along Morningstar Mine Rd 3 mi. NNE of Cima; Cima Dome, 35.27908 -115.49848, 1103m
UCR
Fred M. Roberts 8188 2017-03-26
United States, California, Riverside, Little Maria Mountains: northern foothills, c. 3.1 km NW Midland and 1.7 km W Rice-Midland Road, 33.88622 -114.81833, 320m
UCR
Jim André 22582 2011-10-04
United States, California, San Bernardino, along Amboy Road in Wonder Valley, 18.9 miles east of town of Twentynine Palms, 34.1654 -115.75775, 418m
UCR
Michael Honer 1917 2004-04-03
United States, California, Riverside, Little San Bernardino Mountains, Rockhouse Canyon c. half mile north of intersection with Fargo Canyon, 33.7775 -116.05536, 610m
UCR
Jim André 9888 2009-02-26
United States, California, Imperial, Palo Verde Mountains, along major powerline corridor (Palo Verde Road) that runs north-south through mountains, c. 1 mile south of pass, 33.30415 -114.78802, 182m
UCR
Onkar Singh 5576 2015-09-21
United States, California, San Bernardino, 3 km east of Daggett, 500 m north of Santa Fe St, west side of power plant, 34.86369 -116.85525, 597m
UCR
Jim André 22687 2012-08-31
United States, California, San Bernardino, Granite Mountains, UC Granite Mtns. Desert Research Center; lower Cottonwood Basin on east side; Granite Mountains, 34.81522 -115.65118, 1270m
UCR
Sarah J. De Groot 3154 2003-09-27
United States, California, San Bernardino, WHIPPLE MOUNTAINS: Ditch at intersection of Parker Dam road and MWD road, 34.28833 -114.14167, 108m
UCR
Scott D. White 15273 2022-11-11
United States, California, Riverside, south of La Quinta, south of Lake Cahuilla, bajada and wash below Devil Canyon and Guadalupe Creek, 33.6 -116.28333, 76m
UCR
George K. Helmkamp 3162 1998-04-04
United States, California, Riverside, 7.1 miles north of Hwy I-10 on Eagle Mtn Rd, to the vicinity of the pumping station; Colorado Desert, 33.80017 -115.44917, 305m
UCR
Jim André 22414 2011-10-22
United States, California, San Bernardino, Providence Mountains, Mojave National Preserve, 1.1 miles east of Foshay Pass along transmission line road; Providence Mountains, 34.91122 -115.53035, 1273m
UCR
Jim André 14859 2010-09-22
United States, California, San Bernardino, Mojave National Preserve; wilderness boundary trailhead at "hiking corridor" on south side of Castle Peaks; Castle Peaks, 35.34268 -115.18012, 1542m
UCR
Sarah J. De Groot 7315 2014-09-18
United States, California, San Bernardino, Halloran Summit area, north of Hwy I-15 along power line road. West edge of Shadow Valley, southeast of Solomon’s Knob, ortheast of Baker, 35.40867 -115.79083, 1245m
UCR
Deidre Conocchioli 39 2013-09-05
United States, California, Riverside, Chuckwalla Valley, 23 miles west of Blythe on I-10, Ford Dry Lake exit, Chuckwalla Valley Road 1.5 miles west to near Graham Pass Road, 33.60583 -115.01361, 120m
UCR
Sarah J. De Groot 7300 2014-09-11
United States, California, Imperial, along Hwy 78 south of Palo Verde, just north of Mitchells Camp Road, west of Davis Lake and Cibola National Wildlife Refuge. Southeast foot of Palo Verde Mountains, southeast of Palo Verde Peak, north of Milpitas Wash, 33.31133 -114.73803, 73m
ASU:CCH
ASU0302073 R Ballard 719 2012-09-03
USA, Arizona, Cochise, San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, Murray Spring trail, 2 km from trailhead parking area; trailside, 31.57297 -110.17628, - 1314m
USU:UTC
UTC00141376 Leila M. Shultz; John S. Shultz 1342 1974-08-31
United States, New Mexico, Luna, Columbus 1.6 miles south of and 0.4 miles north of Palomas Mexico, 1250m
USU:UTC
UTC00073787 Fred A. Barkley 14740 1944-09-25
United States, New Mexico, Grant, Manges Canon 16 miles west northwest of Silver City
USU:UTC
UTC00151008 Benjamin M. Robles 3 1976-09-25
United States, New Mexico, Dona Ana, Mesilla Dam on Rio grande, 1158m
USU:UTC
UTC00180716 Pamela Camp
United States, Utah, Garfield, Capitol Reef National Monument ; Hall's Creek drainage, 37.8508333 -111.0136111
USU:UTC
UTC00061764 B.H. Warnock 20867 1940-08-18
United States, Texas, Brewster, Lizzard Mountain 3 miles west of Alpine
USU:UTC
UTC00107750 J. Rzedowski 4485 1954-09-11
MEXICO, San Luis Potosí, Km 90 carretera Sn Luis-Rioverde, 1300m
USU:UTC
UTC00107751 J. Rzedowski 3862 1954-08-27
MEXICO, San Luis Potosí, Ojocaliente, 1800m
USU:UTC
UTC00138322 Stephan L. Hatch 1512 1973-08-22
United States, New Mexico, Hidalgo, 5 miles south highway 10 on exit 34 10 miles east of Lordsburg
USU:UTC
UTC00138661 Noel H. Holmgren; Patricia K. Holmgren; Ruth E. Ke 6491 1973-03-23
United States, California, Riverside, Palen Valley 15 miles northeast of Desert Center, 183m
USU:UTC
UTC00057121 J.J. Thornber 1934-07-28
United States, Arizona, La Paz, Tucson University of Arizona
USU:UTC
UTC00179396 Ron Wittmann 1916
United States, Nevada, Clark, Lake Mead National Recereation Area ; Hemenway Wash [also sections 14 23 and 26], 350 - 450m
USU:UTC
UTC00001886 Marcus E. Jones 4172 1883-09-10
United States, Texas, El Paso, El Paso, 31.759 -106.486
USU:UTC
UTC00075974 W.E. Booth 1946-09-22
United States, Arizona, Apache, Sanders 6 mi west, 35.1913 -109.4386
USU:UTC
UTC00001892 Leslie N. Goodding 2473 1907-09-05
United States, Arizona, La Paz, Santa Rita Grass Preserve ; unspecified