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Juniperus
Family: Cupressaceae
Juniperus image
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Robert P. Adams in Flora of North America (vol. 2)
Shrubs or trees evergreen. Branchlets terete, 3--6 angled, variously oriented, but not in flattened sprays. Leaves opposite in 4 ranks or in whorls of 3. Adult leaves closely appressed to divergent, scalelike to subulate, free portion to ca. 10 mm (to ca. 15 mm in Juniperus communis ); abaxial gland visible or not, elongate to hemispheric ( J . ashei ), sometimes exuding white crystalline deposit. Pollen cones with 3--7 pairs or trios of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 2--8 pollen sacs. Seed cones maturing in 1 or 2 years, globose to ovoid and berrylike, 3--20 mm, remaining closed, usually glaucous; scales persistent, 1--3 pairs, peltate, tightly coalesced, thick and fleshy or fibrous to obscurely woody. Seeds 1--3 per scale, round to faceted, wingless; cotyledons 2--6. x = 11.

Juniperus is the only dioecious (sometimes monoecious) genus of Cupressaceae in the flora. Cones, generally terminal, are axillary in J . communis .

Numerous cultivars of Juniperus species are widely used for landscaping. Mutants, or 'sports,' affecting plant habit and foliage are present in all species and are likely related to single-gene mutations. Many have been given formal names or incorrectly ascribed to hybridization. Gymnocarpy (bare seeds protruding from the cone), caused by insect larvae (T. A. Zanoni 1978), is occasionally found in most junipers, particularly in the southwestern United States. Specimens with such aberrations may be almost impossible to identify without chemical data.

JANAS 27(2)
PLANT: Shrubs or trees, usually dioecious. STEMS: short shoots 4 angled to cylindric; bark usually thin, peeling in strips or in one species thick, deeply fissured into rectangular plates. LEAVES: decussate or tricussate; scale-like to less often awl- or needle-like. POLLEN CONES: 3-5 mm long; sporophylls 6-24, decussate or tricussate; pollen sacs 2-8 per sporophyll. SEED CONES: 3-20 mm long, fleshy to fibrous to rarely obscurely woody, berry-like, dry or fleshy, flavorless to resinous (bitter) to sweet, usually glaucous, formed by fusion of scales, more or less spheric, surrounded at base by minute scale-like bracts; scales 3-8, decussate or tricussate. SEEDS: 1-3 per scale, terete or angled, unwinged, usually dispersed by animals; cotyledons 2-6. NOTES: ca. 60 spp; N. Hemisphere. (Latin name for juniper). Adams, R.P. and T.A. Zanoni. 1979. Southw. Naturalist 24:323-329; Vasek, F.C. 1966. Brittonia 18:350-372; Zanoni, T.A. 1978. Phytologia 38:433-454. REFERENCES: Bartel, Jim A. 1994. Cupressaceae. J. Ariz. - Nev. Acad. Sci. Volume 27, 195-200.
Vascular plants of NE US and adjacent Canada
Female cones indehiscent, berry-like or drupe-like, usually colored (commonly bluish), the several scales coalescent and somewhat fleshy at maturity; seeds 1-10 per cone, wingless; male cones with numerous microsporophylls; dioecious or occasionally monoecious shrubs or small trees with scale-like or needle-like lvs opposite or whorled in 3's; 2n=22. 60, mainly N. Temp.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

©The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. Used by permission.
Species within checklist: Western Rangeland Plant Identification List || << 1 - 50 taxa >>
Juniperus alpina
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Juniperus angosturana
Image of Juniperus angosturana
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Juniperus arizonica
Image of Juniperus arizonica
Map not
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Juniperus ashei
Image of Juniperus ashei
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Juniperus barbadensis
Image of Juniperus barbadensis
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Juniperus bermudiana
Image of Juniperus bermudiana
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Juniperus blancoi
Image of Juniperus blancoi
Map not
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Juniperus brevifolia
Image of Juniperus brevifolia
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Juniperus californica
Image of Juniperus californica
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Juniperus californicus
Image of Juniperus californicus
Map not
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Juniperus cedrus
Image of Juniperus cedrus
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Juniperus chinensis
Image of Juniperus chinensis
Map not
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Juniperus coahuilensis
Image of Juniperus coahuilensis
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Juniperus comitana
Image of Juniperus comitana
Map not
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Juniperus communis
Image of Juniperus communis
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Juniperus compacta
Image of Juniperus compacta
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Juniperus conferta
Image of Juniperus conferta
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Juniperus convallium
Image of Juniperus convallium
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Juniperus deppeana
Image of Juniperus deppeana
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Juniperus drupacea
Image of Juniperus drupacea
Map not
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Juniperus durangensis
Image of Juniperus durangensis
Map not
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Juniperus excelsa
Image of Juniperus excelsa
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Juniperus flaccida
Image of Juniperus flaccida
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Juniperus foetidissima
Image of Juniperus foetidissima
Map not
Available
Juniperus formosana
Image of Juniperus formosana
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Juniperus gracilior
Image of Juniperus gracilior
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Available
Juniperus grandis
Image of Juniperus grandis
Map not
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Juniperus horizontalis
Image of Juniperus horizontalis
Map not
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Juniperus indica
Image of Juniperus indica
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Juniperus jaliscana
Image of Juniperus jaliscana
Map not
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Juniperus komarovii
Image of Juniperus komarovii
Map not
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Juniperus lucayana
Image of Juniperus lucayana
Map not
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Juniperus macrocarpa
Image of Juniperus macrocarpa
Map not
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Juniperus maritima
Image of Juniperus maritima
Map not
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Juniperus martinezii
Image of Juniperus martinezii
Map not
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Juniperus monosperma
Image of Juniperus monosperma
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Juniperus monticola
Image of Juniperus monticola
Map not
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Juniperus nana
Image of Juniperus nana
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Juniperus occidentalis
Image of Juniperus occidentalis
Map not
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Juniperus osteosperma
Image of Juniperus osteosperma
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Available
Juniperus oxycedrus
Image of Juniperus oxycedrus
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Juniperus pachyphlaea
Image of Juniperus pachyphlaea
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Juniperus phoenicea
Image of Juniperus phoenicea
Map not
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Juniperus pinchotii
Image of Juniperus pinchotii
Map not
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Juniperus pingii
Image of Juniperus pingii
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Juniperus poblana
Image of Juniperus poblana
Map not
Available
Juniperus polycarpos
Image of Juniperus polycarpos
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Juniperus procera
Image of Juniperus procera
Map not
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Juniperus procumbens
Image of Juniperus procumbens
Map not
Available
Juniperus przewalskii
Image of Juniperus przewalskii
Map not
Available

This project was made possible in part by the Institute of Museum and Library Services [MG-70-19-0057-19].
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