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    Tracheophyta
           [Tracheobionta]
    Spermatophyta
      Magnoliophyta
             [Angiospermae]
         Eudicots
             Core Eudicots
               Asterids
               Lamiids
                    Gentianales
                            <b>Apocynaceae</b>
                                   [Asclepiadaceae]
                                     <i>Acerates</i>
                                             <i>Acerates angustifolia</i>
                                             <i>Acerates cordifolia</i>
                                             <i>Acerates hirtella</i>
                                             <i>Acerates latifolia</i>
                                             <i>Acerates monocephala</i>
                                             <i>Acerates pringlei</i>
                                             <i>Acerates rusbyi</i>
                                             <i>Acerates tomentosa</i>
                                     <i>Acokanthera</i>
                                             <i>Acokanthera laevigata</i>
                                             <i>Acokanthera lycioides</i>
                                             <i>Acokanthera oblongifolia</i>
                                                   [Acokanthera spectabilis]
                                                   [Carissa oblongifolia]
                                                   [Carissa spectabilis]
                                                   [Strychnos oblongifolia]
                                                   [Toxicophlaea spectabilis]
                                             <i>Acokanthera oppositifolia</i>
                                                   [Acokanthera lamarkii]
                                                   [Acokanthera longiflora]
                                                   [Acokanthera rhodesica]
                                                   [Carissa acokanthera]
                                                   [Carissa longiflora]
                                                   [Carissa oppositifolia]
                                                   [Garcinia sciura]
                                             <i>Acokanthera rotundata</i>
                                                   [Acokanthera schimperi var. rotundata]
                                             <i>Acokanthera schimperi</i>
                                                   [Acokanthera abyssinica]
                                                   [Acokanthera deflersii]
                                                   [Acokanthera friesiorum]
                                                   [Acokanthera ouabaio]
                                                   [Carissa deflersii]
                                                   [Carissa friesiorum]
                                                   [Carissa schimperi]
                                                   [Strychnos abyssinica]
                                             <i>Acokanthera venenata</i>
                                     <i>Adenium</i>
                                             <i>Adenium multiflorum</i>
                                                   [Adenium obesum subsp. multiflorum]
                                                   [Adenium obesum var. multiflorum]
                                             <i>Adenium obesum</i>
                                                   [Adenium arboreum]
                                                   [Adenium honghel]
                                                   [Adenium obesum subsp. socotranum]
                                                   [Adenium obesum subsp. somalense]
                                                   [Adenium socotranum]
                                                   [Adenium somalense var. caudatipetalum]
                                                   [Adenium somalense var. crispum]
                                                   [Adenium somalense]
                                                   [Adenium speciosum]
                                                   [Adenium tricholepis]
                                                   [Nerium obesum]
                                               <i>Adenium obesum subsp. boehmianum</i>
                                                     [Adenium boehmianum]
                                               <i>Adenium obesum subsp. obesum</i>
                                                     [Adenium arabicum]
                                                     [Adenium coetaneum]
                                             <i>Adenium swazicum</i>
                                                   [Adenium boehmianum var. swazicum]
                                                   [Adenium obesum subsp. swazicum]
                                     <i>Aechmolepis</i>
                                     <i>Aganonerion</i>
                                     <i>Aganosma</i>
                                             <i>Aganosma acuminata</i>
                                             <i>Aganosma cymosa</i>
                                               <i>Aganosma cymosa var. cymosa</i>
                                               <i>Aganosma cymosa var. elegans</i>
                                                     [Aganosma elegans]
                                             <i>Aganosma gracilis</i>
                                             <i>Aganosma schlechteriana</i>
                                     <i>Ahouai</i>
                                             <i>Ahouai nitida</i>
                                     <i>Aidomene</i>
                                     <i>Aladenia</i>
                                     <i>Alafia</i>
                                             <i>Alafia barteri</i>
                                                   [Alafia giraudii]
                                                   [Alafia giraultii]
                                             <i>Alafia benthamii</i>
                                               <i>Alafia benthamii var. benthamii</i>
                                                     [Ectinocladus benthamii]
                                               <i>Alafia benthamii var. mediafra</i>
                                             <i>Alafia caudata</i>
                                               <i>Alafia caudata subsp. caudata</i>
                                                     [Alafia butayei]
                                                     [Alafia sarmentosa]
                                               <i>Alafia caudata subsp. latiloba</i>
                                             <i>Alafia congolana</i>
                                             <i>Alafia conica</i>
                                             <i>Alafia erythrophthalma</i>
                                                   [Alafia gracilis]
                                                   [Alafia grandis]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana erythrophthalma]
                                             <i>Alafia falcata</i>
                                             <i>Alafia glabriflora</i>
                                             <i>Alafia lucida</i>
                                                   [Alafia cuneata]
                                                   [Alafia laxiflora]
                                                   [Alafia major]
                                                   [Alafia reticulata]
                                                   [Wrightia stuhlmannii]
                                             <i>Alafia microstylis</i>
                                                   [Alafia clusioides]
                                                   [Alafia swynnertonii]
                                             <i>Alafia multiflora</i>
                                                   [Alafia malouetioides]
                                                   [Holalafia densiflora]
                                                   [Holalafia multiflora]
                                             <i>Alafia orientalis</i>
                                             <i>Alafia parciflora</i>
                                             <i>Alafia scandens</i>
                                                   [Alafia landolphioides]
                                                   [Holarrhena landolphioides]
                                                   [Nerium scandens]
                                             <i>Alafia schumannii</i>
                                                   [Alafia bequaertii]
                                                   [Holalafia schumannii]
                                             <i>Alafia thouarsii</i>
                                             <i>Alafia ugandensis</i>
                                             <i>Alafia verschuerenii</i>
                                                   [Alafia klaineana]
                                             <i>Alafia whytei</i>
                                                   [Vilbouchevitchia atro-purpurea]
                                             <i>Alafia zambesiaca</i>
                                     <i>Alexia</i>
                                     <i>Allamanda</i>
                                             <i>Allamanda angustifolia</i>
                                             <i>Allamanda blanchetii</i>
                                                   [Allamanda violacea]
                                             <i>Allamanda calcicola</i>
                                             <i>Allamanda cathartica</i>
                                                   [Allamanda cathartica var. grandiflora]
                                                   [Allamanda cathartica var. hendersonii]
                                                   [Allamanda cathartica var. williamsii]
                                             <i>Allamanda doniana</i>
                                             <i>Allamanda hendersonii</i>
                                             <i>Allamanda martii</i>
                                             <i>Allamanda neriifolia</i>
                                             <i>Allamanda nobilis</i>
                                             <i>Allamanda oenotherifolia</i>
                                             <i>Allamanda polyantha</i>
                                             <i>Allamanda puberula</i>
                                             <i>Allamanda schottii</i>
                                                   [Allamanda cathartica var. schottii]
                                             <i>Allamanda weberbaueri</i>
                                     <i>Allomarkgrafia</i>
                                             <i>Allomarkgrafia brenesiana</i>
                                             <i>Allomarkgrafia campanulata</i>
                                             <i>Allomarkgrafia ovalis</i>
                                             <i>Allomarkgrafia plumeriiflora</i>
                                                   [Allomarkgrafia subtubulosa]
                                             <i>Allomarkgrafia tubiflora</i>
                                     <i>Allotoonia</i>
                                             <i>Allotoonia agglutinata</i>
                                                   [Echites agglutinatus]
                                     <i>Alstonia</i>
                                             <i>Alstonia actinophylla</i>
                                                   [Alstonia verticillosa]
                                             <i>Alstonia angustifolia</i>
                                             <i>Alstonia angustiloba</i>
                                             <i>Alstonia boonei</i>
                                             <i>Alstonia congensis</i>
                                                   [Alstonia congensis var. glabrata]
                                                   [Alstonia gilletii var. laurentii]
                                                   [Alstonia gilletii]
                                                   [Alstonia pedicellata]
                                                   [Pala scholaris]
                                             <i>Alstonia constricta</i>
                                             <i>Alstonia costata</i>
                                                   [Alstonia elliptica]
                                                   [Alstonia fragrans]
                                                   [Alstonia plumosa]
                                                   [Alstonia reineckeana]
                                                   [Alstonia vitiensis]
                                             <i>Alstonia deplanchei</i>
                                             <i>Alstonia iwahigensis</i>
                                             <i>Alstonia lanceolata</i>
                                             <i>Alstonia lenormandii</i>
                                             <i>Alstonia longifolia</i>
                                             <i>Alstonia macrophylla</i>
                                                   [Alstonia glabriflora]
                                                   [Alstonia subsessilis]
                                             <i>Alstonia muelleriana</i>
                                             <i>Alstonia neriifolia</i>
                                             <i>Alstonia parvifolia</i>
                                             <i>Alstonia rostrata</i>
                                                   [Alstonia glaucescens]
                                             <i>Alstonia scholaris</i>
                                                   [Echites scholaris]
                                             <i>Alstonia spatulata</i>
                                             <i>Alstonia spectabilis</i>
                                               <i>Alstonia spectabilis subsp. ophioxyloides</i>
                                                     [Alstonia ophioxyloides]
                                             <i>Alstonia venenata</i>
                                             <i>Alstonia villosa</i>
                                     <i>Alyxia</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia acuminata</i>
                                                   [Alyxia maluensis]
                                             <i>Alyxia angustifolia</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia annamensis</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia bracteolosa</i>
                                                   [Alyxia erythrosperma var. samoensis]
                                               <i>Alyxia bracteolosa var. angustifolia</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia buxifolia</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia concatenata</i>
                                                   [Alyxia monilifera]
                                                   [Alyxia quadrata]
                                                   [Paralstonia clusiacea]
                                             <i>Alyxia erythrosperma</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia fascicularis</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia gracilis</i>
                                                   [Hunteria gracilis]
                                             <i>Alyxia gynopogon</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia hainanensis</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia ilicifolia</i>
                                               <i>Alyxia ilicifolia subsp. magnifolia</i>
                                                     [Alyxia magnifolia]
                                             <i>Alyxia insularis</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia loeseneriana</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia marginata</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia markgrafii</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia monticola</i>
                                                   [Alyxia sibuyanensis]
                                             <i>Alyxia oleifolia</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia oliviformis</i>
                                               <i>Alyxia oliviformis var. lanceolata</i>
                                               <i>Alyxia oliviformis var. myrtillifolia</i>
                                               <i>Alyxia oliviformis var. oliviformis</i>
                                               <i>Alyxia oliviformis var. ovata</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia orophila</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia pilosa</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia racemosa</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia reinwardtii</i>
                                                   [Alyxia odorata]
                                                   [Alyxia pisiformis]
                                             <i>Alyxia ridleyana</i>
                                                   [Alyxia fragrans]
                                             <i>Alyxia rostrata</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia ruscifolia</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia sinensis</i>
                                                   [Alyxia levinei]
                                             <i>Alyxia sleumeri</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia spicata</i>
                                             <i>Alyxia stellata</i>
                                                   [Alyxia linearifolia]
                                                   [Alyxia scandens]
                                                   [Alyxia stellata var. deckeri]
                                             <i>Alyxia torresiana</i>
                                     <i>Amalocalyx</i>
                                             <i>Amalocalyx microlobus</i>
                                                   [Amalocalyx yunnanensis]
                                     <i>Ambelania</i>
                                             <i>Ambelania acida</i>
                                             <i>Ambelania duckei</i>
                                             <i>Ambelania occidentalis</i>
                                     <i>Amblyanthera</i>
                                     <i>Amblystigma</i>
                                             <i>Amblystigma cionophorum</i>
                                     <i>Ammocallis</i>
                                     <i>Ampelamus</i>
                                     <i>Amphineurion</i>
                                             <i>Amphineurion marginatum</i>
                                                   [Aganosma marginata]
                                                   [Aganosma velutina]
                                                   [Echites apoxys]
                                                   [Holarrhena procumbens]
                                     <i>Amphistelma</i>
                                             <i>Amphistelma scoparia</i>
                                     <i>Amphorella</i>
                                             <i>Amphorella castanea</i>
                                     <i>Amsonia</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia angustifolia</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia arizonica</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia ciliata</i>
                                               <i>Amsonia ciliata var. ciliata</i>
                                               <i>Amsonia ciliata var. ciliolata</i>
                                               <i>Amsonia ciliata var. filifolia</i>
                                               <i>Amsonia ciliata var. tenuifolia</i>
                                               <i>Amsonia ciliata var. texana</i>
                                                     [Amsonia angustifolia var. texana]
                                                     [Amsonia texana]
                                             <i>Amsonia elliptica</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia fugatei</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia grandiflora</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia hubrichtii</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia illustris</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia jonesii</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia kearneyana</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia latifolia</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia longiflora</i>
                                               <i>Amsonia longiflora var. longiflora</i>
                                               <i>Amsonia longiflora var. salpignantha</i>
                                               <i>Amsonia longiflora var. salpignatha</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia ludoviciana</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia orientalis</i>
                                                   [Rhazya orientalis]
                                             <i>Amsonia palmeri</i>
                                                   [Amsonia biformis]
                                                   [Amsonia hirtella var. hirtella]
                                                   [Amsonia hirtella var. pogonosepala]
                                                   [Amsonia hirtella]
                                                   [Amsonia pogonosepala]
                                                   [Amsonia standleyi]
                                             <i>Amsonia peeblesii</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia repens</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia rigida</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia salicifolia</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia salpignantha</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia tabernaemontana</i>
                                                   [Amsonia salicifolia var. ciliolata]
                                               <i>Amsonia tabernaemontana tabernaemontana</i>
                                               <i>Amsonia tabernaemontana var. gattingeri</i>
                                               <i>Amsonia tabernaemontana var. illustris</i>
                                               <i>Amsonia tabernaemontana var. repens</i>
                                               <i>Amsonia tabernaemontana var. salicifolia</i>
                                               <i>Amsonia tabernaemontana var. tabernaemontana</i>
                                                     [Amsonia amsonia]
                                                     [Amsonia glaberrima]
                                             <i>Amsonia tharpii</i>
                                             <i>Amsonia tomentosa</i>
                                               <i>Amsonia tomentosa var. stenophylla</i>
                                                     [Amsonia arenaria]
                                                     [Amsonia eastwoodiana]
                                               <i>Amsonia tomentosa var. tomentosa</i>
                                                     [Amsonia brevifolia var. brevifolia]
                                                     [Amsonia brevifolia var. tomentosa]
                                                     [Amsonia brevifolia]
                                     <i>Anacampta</i>
                                             <i>Anacampta riedelii</i>
                                     <i>Anantherix</i>
                                             <i>Anantherix connivens</i>
                                             <i>Anantherix viridis</i>
                                     <i>Anartia</i>
                                             <i>Anartia attenuata</i>
                                     <i>Ancylobothrys</i>
                                             <i>Ancylobothrys amoena</i>
                                                   [Landolphia amena]
                                                   [Landolphia amoena var. micrantha]
                                                   [Landolphia amoena var. schweinfurthiana]
                                                   [Landolphia amoena]
                                                   [Landolphia ferruginea]
                                                   [Landolphia nitida]
                                                   [Landolphia petersiana var. rufa]
                                                   [Landolphia petersiana var. schweinfurthiana]
                                                   [Landolphia scandens var. ferruginea]
                                                   [Landolphia scandens var. rigida]
                                                   [Landolphia scandens var. schweinfurthiana]
                                                   [Pacouria amoena]
                                                   [Pacouria petersiana var. schweinfurthiana]
                                             <i>Ancylobothrys petersiana</i>
                                                   [Ancylobothrys petersiana var. forbesiana]
                                                   [Ancylobothrys rotundifolia]
                                                   [Landolphia angustifolia]
                                                   [Landolphia monteiroi]
                                                   [Landolphia petersiana var. angustifolia]
                                                   [Landolphia petersiana var. rotundifolia]
                                                   [Landolphia petersiana var. tubeufii]
                                                   [Landolphia scandens var. angustifolia]
                                                   [Landolphia scandens var. petersiana]
                                                   [Landolphia scandens var. rotundifolia]
                                                   [Landolphia scandens var. stuhlmanniana]
                                                   [Landolphia scandens var. tubeufii]
                                                   [Landolphia senensis]
                                                   [Pacouria angustifolia]
                                                   [Pacouria petersiana]
                                                   [Willughbeia petersiana]
                                                   [Willughbeia senensis]
                                             <i>Ancylobothrys pyriformis</i>
                                                   [Ancylobothrys gabonensis]
                                                   [Ancylobothrys robusta]
                                                   [Ancylobothrys trichantha]
                                                   [Aphanostylis robusta]
                                                   [Landolphia pyriformis]
                                                   [Landolphia robusta]
                                                   [Pacouria pyriformis]
                                                   [Pacouria robusta]
                                             <i>Ancylobothrys scandens</i>
                                                   [Ancylobothrys brevituba]
                                                   [Ancylobothrys mammosa var. crassifolia]
                                                   [Ancylobothrys mammosa var. mucronata]
                                                   [Ancylobothrys mammosa]
                                                   [Ancylobothrys welwitschii]
                                                   [Aphanostylis mammosa var. mucronata]
                                                   [Aphanostylis mammosa]
                                                   [Landolphia echinata]
                                                   [Landolphia petersiana var. acuminata]
                                                   [Landolphia petersiana var. crassifolia]
                                                   [Landolphia petersiana var. mucronata]
                                                   [Landolphia scandens var. coriacea]
                                                   [Landolphia scandens var. floribunda]
                                                   [Landolphia scandens var. genuina]
                                                   [Landolphia scandens]
                                                   [Landolphia welwitschii]
                                                   [Pacouria crassifolia]
                                                   [Pacouria echinata]
                                                   [Pacouria scandens var. floribunda]
                                                   [Pacouria scandens]
                                                   [Strychnos guineensis]
                                                   [Strychnos scandens]
                                             <i>Ancylobothrys tayloris</i>
                                                   [Landolphia pachyphylla]
                                                   [Landolphia tayloris]
                                     <i>Anechites</i>
                                             <i>Anechites nerium</i>
                                                   [Anechites asperuginis]
                                                   [Echites asperuginis]
                                     <i>Anemotrochus</i>
                                             <i>Anemotrochus eggersii</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum eggersii]
                                                   [Metastelma eggersii]
                                             <i>Anemotrochus viridivenius</i>
                                                   [Matelea viridivenia]
                                     <i>Angadenia</i>
                                             <i>Angadenia berteroi</i>
                                                   [Angadenia cubensis]
                                                   [Echites cubensis]
                                                   [Rhabdadenia berteroi]
                                                   [Rhabdadenia cubensis]
                                             <i>Angadenia lindeniana</i>
                                                   [Rhabdadenia lindeniana]
                                             <i>Angadenia sagrae</i>
                                             <i>Angadenia sagraei</i>
                                     <i>Angolluma</i>
                                             <i>Angolluma kulalensis</i>
                                     <i>Anisolobus</i>
                                     <i>Anisopus</i>
                                             <i>Anisopus efulensis</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia efulensis]
                                             <i>Anisopus mannii</i>
                                                   [Anisopus batesii]
                                                   [Anisopus bicoronatus]
                                                   [Anisopus rostriferus]
                                                   [Marsdenia batesii]
                                                   [Marsdenia bicoronata]
                                                   [Marsdenia rhynchogyna]
                                                   [Marsdenia rostrifera]
                                     <i>Anisotoma</i>
                                             <i>Anisotoma cordifolia</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum molle]
                                                   [Cynoctonum molle]
                                     <i>Anodendron</i>
                                             <i>Anodendron affine</i>
                                             <i>Anodendron affinis</i>
                                                   [Anodendron laeve]
                                             <i>Anodendron axillare</i>
                                             <i>Anodendron benthamianum</i>
                                                   [Formosia benthamiana]
                                             <i>Anodendron borneense</i>
                                             <i>Anodendron nervosum</i>
                                             <i>Anodendron oblongifolium</i>
                                             <i>Anodendron paniculatum</i>
                                                   [Echites parviflorus]
                                             <i>Anodendron parviflorum</i>
                                                   [Anodendron manubriatum]
                                             <i>Anodendron punctatum</i>
                                     <i>Anomalluma</i>
                                     <i>Anthoclitandra</i>
                                     <i>Antitoxicum</i>
                                     <i>Antura</i>
                                     <i>Aphanostylis</i>
                              Apocynoideae
                                     <i>Asketanthera</i>
                                             <i>Asketanthera calycosa</i>
                                             <i>Asketanthera dolichopetala</i>
                                             <i>Asketanthera ekmaniana</i>
                                             <i>Asketanthera picardae</i>
                                     <i>Bousigonia</i>
                                             <i>Bousigonia mekongensis</i>
                                     <i>Papuechites</i>
                                             <i>Papuechites aambe</i>
                                     <i>Sindechites</i>
                                     <i>Stipecoma</i>
                                             <i>Stipecoma peltigera</i>
                                     <i>Streptoechites</i>
                                             <i>Streptoechites chinensis</i>
                                                   [Sindechites chinensis]
                                     <i>Apocynum</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum androsaemifolium</i>
                                                   [Apocynum ambigens]
                                                   [Apocynum androsaemifolium var. glabrum]
                                                   [Apocynum androsaemifolium var. griseum]
                                                   [Apocynum androsaemifolium var. incanum]
                                                   [Apocynum androsaemifolium var. intermedium]
                                                   [Apocynum androsaemifolium var. pumilum]
                                                   [Apocynum androsaemifolium var. tomentellum]
                                                   [Apocynum androsaemifolium var. woodsonii]
                                                   [Apocynum macranthum]
                                                   [Apocynum pumilum var. pumilum]
                                                   [Apocynum pumilum var. rhomboideum]
                                                   [Apocynum pumilum]
                                                   [Apocynum scopulorum]
                                               <i>Apocynum androsaemifolium androsaemifolium</i>
                                               <i>Apocynum androsaemifolium subsp. androsaemifolium</i>
                                                     [Apocynum androsaemifolium var. pubescens]
                                               <i>Apocynum androsaemifolium subsp. pumilum</i>
                                                     [Apocynum molle]
                                                     [Apocynum pumilum var. typicum]
                                               <i>Apocynum androsaemifolium var. androsaemifolium</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum angustifolium</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum bicolor</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum calophyllum</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum cannabinum</i>
                                                   [Apocynum album var. hypericifolium]
                                                   [Apocynum album]
                                                   [Apocynum cannabinum var. angustifolium]
                                                   [Apocynum cannabinum var. cannabinum]
                                                   [Apocynum cannabinum var. glaberrimum]
                                                   [Apocynum cannabinum var. greeneanum]
                                                   [Apocynum cannabinum var. hypericifolium]
                                                   [Apocynum cannabinum var. lanceolatum]
                                                   [Apocynum cannabinum var. nemorale]
                                                   [Apocynum cannabinum var. pubescens]
                                                   [Apocynum cannabinum var. suksdorfii]
                                                   [Apocynum cordigerum]
                                                   [Apocynum dictyotum]
                                                   [Apocynum estellinum]
                                                   [Apocynum hypericifolium var. farwellii]
                                                   [Apocynum hypericifolium var. salignum]
                                                   [Apocynum hypericifolium]
                                                   [Apocynum longifolium]
                                                   [Apocynum oblongum]
                                                   [Apocynum pubescens]
                                                   [Apocynum sibiricum f. arenarium]
                                                   [Apocynum sibiricum sibiricum]
                                                   [Apocynum sibiricum var. cordigerum]
                                                   [Apocynum sibiricum var. farwellii]
                                                   [Apocynum sibiricum var. salignum]
                                                   [Apocynum sibiricum var. sibiricum]
                                                   [Apocynum sibiricum]
                                                   [Apocynum suksdorfii var. angustifolium]
                                                   [Apocynum suksdorfii]
                                                   [Apocynum suskdorfii]
                                             <i>Apocynum cardiophyllum</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum cervinum</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum detonsum</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum frutescens</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum laurinum</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum lividum</i>
                                               <i>Apocynum lividum var. convallarium</i>
                                                     [Apocynum convallarium]
                                             <i>Apocynum myrianthum</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum nevadense</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum oliganthum</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum palustre</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum urceolifer</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum venetum</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum viarum</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum viride</i>
                                             <i>Apocynum × floribundum</i>
                                                   [Apocynum floribundum]
                                                   [Apocynum jonesii]
                                                   [Apocynum medium var. floribundum]
                                                   [Apocynum medium var. leuconeuron]
                                                   [Apocynum medium var. lividum]
                                                   [Apocynum medium var. medium]
                                                   [Apocynum medium var. sarniense]
                                                   [Apocynum medium var. vestitum]
                                                   [Apocynum medium]
                                                   [Apocynum milleri]
                                                   [Apocynum x floribundum]
                                             <i>Apocynum ×floribundum</i>
                                                   [Apocynum ×leuconeuron]
                                     <i>Apteranthes</i>
                                             <i>Apteranthes burchardii</i>
                                               <i>Apteranthes burchardii subsp. burchardii</i>
                                               <i>Apteranthes burchardii subsp. maura</i>
                                             <i>Apteranthes europaea</i>
                                               <i>Apteranthes europaea subsp. europaea</i>
                                               <i>Apteranthes europaea subsp. maroccana</i>
                                               <i>Apteranthes europaea var. europaea</i>
                                             <i>Apteranthes joannis</i>
                                             <i>Apteranthes munbyana</i>
                                     <i>Araujia</i>
                                             <i>Araujia angustifolia</i>
                                             <i>Araujia brachystephana</i>
                                                   [Morrenia brachystephana]
                                             <i>Araujia herzogii</i>
                                                   [Morrenia herzogii]
                                             <i>Araujia hortorum</i>
                                             <i>Araujia odorata</i>
                                             <i>Araujia plumosa</i>
                                             <i>Araujia sericifera</i>
                                                   [Araujia albens]
                                                   [Araujia sericofera]
                                             <i>Araujia stormiana</i>
                                                   [Morrenia stormiana]
                                             <i>Araujia variegata</i>
                                                   [Morrenia connectens]
                                                   [Morrenia variegata]
                                     <i>Arduina</i>
                                             <i>Arduina bispinosa</i>
                              Asclepiadoideae
                                     <i>Atrostemma</i>
                                             <i>Atrostemma glaberrimum</i>
                                                   [Matelea glaberrima]
                                     <i>Chloropetalum</i>
                                             <i>Chloropetalum denticulatum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum denticulatum]
                                                   [Gonolobus grenadensis]
                                                   [Gonolobus viridiflorus]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum viridiflorum]
                                     <i>Cosmostigma</i>
                                     <i>Eriostemma</i>
                                             <i>Eriostemma coronaria</i>
                                                   [Hoya coronaria]
                                             <i>Eriostemma madulidii</i>
                                                   [Hoya madulidii]
                                     <i>Glossostelma</i>
                                             <i>Glossostelma angolensis</i>
                                                   [Xysmalobium angolense]
                                             <i>Glossostelma brevilobum</i>
                                             <i>Glossostelma cabrae</i>
                                                   [Asclepias cabrae]
                                                   [Xysmalobium speciosum]
                                             <i>Glossostelma carsonii</i>
                                                   [Asclepias carsonii]
                                                   [Asclepias mashonensis]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus chlorojodina]
                                                   [Schizoglossum carsonii]
                                                   [Schizoglossum chlorojodinum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum kassneri]
                                                   [Schizoglossum lividiflorum]
                                                   [Xysmalobium carsonii]
                                             <i>Glossostelma ceciliae</i>
                                                   [Xysmalobium ceciliae]
                                             <i>Glossostelma erectum</i>
                                                   [Asclepias erecta]
                                             <i>Glossostelma lisianthoides</i>
                                                   [Asclepias congolensis]
                                                   [Asclepias dissoluta]
                                                   [Asclepias lisianthoides]
                                                   [Asclepias nemorensis]
                                                   [Chlorostelma fritillarioides]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus chironioides]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus lisianthoides]
                                                   [Schizoglossum macroglossum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum violaceum]
                                                   [Xysmalobium dissolutum]
                                                   [Xysmalobium fritillarioides]
                                             <i>Glossostelma msibiense</i>
                                             <i>Glossostelma nyikense</i>
                                             <i>Glossostelma rusapense</i>
                                             <i>Glossostelma spathulatum</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus spathulatus]
                                                   [Schizoglossum spathulatum]
                                                   [Xysmalobium bellum]
                                                   [Xysmalobium grande]
                                                   [Xysmalobium mildbraedii]
                                                   [Xysmalobium spathulatum]
                                             <i>Glossostelma xysmalobioides</i>
                                                   [Asclepias xysmalobioides]
                                     <i>Gongronema</i>
                                             <i>Gongronema gazense</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia gazensis]
                                     <i>Jasminanthes</i>
                                             <i>Jasminanthes mucronata</i>
                                             <i>Kanahia laniflora</i>
                                                   [Asclepias coarctata]
                                                   [Asclepias fluviatilis]
                                                   [Asclepias glaberrima]
                                                   [Asclepias laniflora]
                                                   [Asclepias rivalis]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus glaberrimus]
                                                   [Kanahia consimilis]
                                                   [Kanahia delilei]
                                                   [Kanahia forskalii]
                                                   [Kanahia glaberrima]
                                                   [Kanahia kaunah]
                                                   [Kanahia monroi]
                                     <i>Leichhardtia</i>
                                             <i>Leichhardtia ericoides</i>
                                             <i>Leichhardtia flavescens</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia flavescens]
                                             <i>Leichhardtia microlepis</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia microlepis]
                                             <i>Leichhardtia rostrata</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia rostrata]
                                             <i>Leichhardtia suaveolens</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia suaveolens]
                                             <i>Leichhardtia velutina</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia velutina]
                                             <i>Leichhardtia viridiflora</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia viridiflora]
                                     <i>Margaretta</i>
                                             <i>Margaretta rosea</i>
                                               <i>Margaretta rosea subsp. bidens</i>
                                                     [Margaretta holstii]
                                               <i>Margaretta rosea subsp. corallina</i>
                                               <i>Margaretta rosea subsp. cornetii</i>
                                                     [Margaretta cornetii var. pallida]
                                                     [Margaretta cornetii]
                                                     [Margaretta decipiens]
                                                     [Margaretta verdickii]
                                               <i>Margaretta rosea subsp. kilimanjarica</i>
                                               <i>Margaretta rosea subsp. occidentalis</i>
                                                     [Margaretta inopinata]
                                                     [Margaretta ledermannii var. foliosa]
                                                     [Margaretta ledermannii]
                                                     [Margaretta passargei]
                                               <i>Margaretta rosea subsp. orbicularis</i>
                                                     [Margaretta orbicularis]
                                                     [Margaretta pulchella]
                                               <i>Margaretta rosea subsp. rosea</i>
                                               <i>Margaretta rosea subsp. whytei</i>
                                                     [Margaretta whytei]
                                     <i>Matelea</i>
                                             <i>Matelea abbreviata</i>
                                             <i>Matelea acuminata</i>
                                                   [Orthosia acuminata]
                                             <i>Matelea acutissima</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum acutissimum]
                                             <i>Matelea alabamensis</i>
                                                   [Cyclodon alabamensis]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum alabamense]
                                             <i>Matelea alainii</i>
                                             <i>Matelea aliciae</i>
                                             <i>Matelea altatensis</i>
                                             <i>Matelea angustiloba</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus angustilobus]
                                             <i>Matelea annulata</i>
                                             <i>Matelea araneosa</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus araneosus]
                                             <i>Matelea atrocoronata</i>
                                             <i>Matelea atrostellata</i>
                                             <i>Matelea balbisii</i>
                                                   [Lachnostoma balbisii]
                                                   [Pherotrichis balbisii]
                                             <i>Matelea baldwyniana</i>
                                             <i>Matelea belizensis</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum belizense]
                                             <i>Matelea biflora</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus biflorus]
                                             <i>Matelea borinquensis</i>
                                             <i>Matelea brevicoronata</i>
                                             <i>Matelea calcarata</i>
                                             <i>Matelea calcicola</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus calcicola]
                                             <i>Matelea campechiana</i>
                                                   [Matelea mayana]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum campechianum]
                                             <i>Matelea carolinensis</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus carolinensis]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum acanthocarpos]
                                             <i>Matelea castanea</i>
                                             <i>Matelea chihuahuensis</i>
                                             <i>Matelea chrysantha</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum chrysanthum]
                                             <i>Matelea congesta</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus congestus]
                                             <i>Matelea correllii</i>
                                             <i>Matelea corrugata</i>
                                             <i>Matelea costaricensis</i>
                                             <i>Matelea costata</i>
                                             <i>Matelea crassifolia</i>
                                             <i>Matelea crenata</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum crenatum]
                                             <i>Matelea cyclophylla</i>
                                                   [Suberogerens cyclophylla]
                                             <i>Matelea cynanchoides</i>
                                             <i>Matelea decipiens</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus decipiens]
                                                   [Odontostephana decipiens]
                                             <i>Matelea decumbens</i>
                                             <i>Matelea denticulata</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum viridiflora]
                                                   [Cynanchum viridiflorum]
                                                   [Matelea viridiflora]
                                             <i>Matelea dictyantha</i>
                                             <i>Matelea dwyeri</i>
                                             <i>Matelea edwardsensis</i>
                                             <i>Matelea ekmanii</i>
                                             <i>Matelea elachyantha</i>
                                             <i>Matelea ferruginea</i>
                                             <i>Matelea flavidula</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus flavidulus]
                                             <i>Matelea floridana</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum floridanum]
                                             <i>Matelea fruticosa</i>
                                             <i>Matelea furvescens</i>
                                             <i>Matelea gentlei</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum gentlei]
                                             <i>Matelea gonoloboides</i>
                                                   [Urostephanus gonoloboides]
                                             <i>Matelea gracieae</i>
                                             <i>Matelea gracilis</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus gracilis]
                                             <i>Matelea greggii</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum greggii]
                                             <i>Matelea guatemalensis</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus velutinus var. calycinus]
                                             <i>Matelea haberi</i>
                                             <i>Matelea hastatula</i>
                                             <i>Matelea hastulata</i>
                                             <i>Matelea hemsleyana</i>
                                             <i>Matelea hirsuta</i>
                                                   [Macroscepis hirsuta]
                                             <i>Matelea hirtelliflora</i>
                                             <i>Matelea inconspicua</i>
                                             <i>Matelea inops</i>
                                             <i>Matelea ionantha</i>
                                             <i>Matelea lanata</i>
                                             <i>Matelea lanceolata</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus lanceolatus]
                                             <i>Matelea lehmannii</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus lehmannii]
                                             <i>Matelea lesueurii</i>
                                             <i>Matelea lilliputtiana</i>
                                             <i>Matelea macvaughiana</i>
                                             <i>Matelea magallanesii</i>
                                             <i>Matelea magnifolia</i>
                                                   [Bruceholstia magnifolia]
                                             <i>Matelea maritima</i>
                                                   [Asclepias maritima]
                                                   [Ibatia muricata]
                                             <i>Matelea medusae</i>
                                             <i>Matelea megacarpha</i>
                                             <i>Matelea meyeri</i>
                                             <i>Matelea micrantha</i>
                                             <i>Matelea molinarum</i>
                                             <i>Matelea nigrescens</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus nigrescens]
                                             <i>Matelea nummularia</i>
                                             <i>Matelea oaxacana</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus tristis]
                                             <i>Matelea obliqua</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum obliquum]
                                                   [Gonolobus hirsutus]
                                                   [Gonolobus obliquus var. shortii]
                                             <i>Matelea oblongata</i>
                                                   [Orthosia oblongata]
                                             <i>Matelea obovata</i>
                                             <i>Matelea orthosioides</i>
                                             <i>Matelea ovatifolia</i>
                                                   [Poicilla ovatifolia]
                                             <i>Matelea palustris</i>
                                                   [Matelea latifolia]
                                             <i>Matelea panamensis</i>
                                             <i>Matelea parviflora</i>
                                             <i>Matelea parvifolia</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus californicus]
                                                   [Gonolobus parvifolius]
                                             <i>Matelea patalensis</i>
                                             <i>Matelea pavonii</i>
                                             <i>Matelea pedalis</i>
                                             <i>Matelea pedunculata</i>
                                             <i>Matelea petiolaris</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus petiolaris]
                                             <i>Matelea phainops</i>
                                             <i>Matelea picturata</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum discolor]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum pittieri]
                                             <i>Matelea pilosa</i>
                                             <i>Matelea pinguifolia</i>
                                             <i>Matelea planiflora</i>
                                             <i>Matelea porphyrantha</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum porphyranthum]
                                             <i>Matelea pringlei</i>
                                                   [Himantostemma pringlei]
                                             <i>Matelea proctorii</i>
                                                   [Jacaima parvifolia]
                                             <i>Matelea producta</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus productus]
                                             <i>Matelea prosthecidiscus</i>
                                                   [Prosthecidiscus guatemalensis]
                                             <i>Matelea pseudobarbata</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus pseudobarbatus]
                                             <i>Matelea pubiflora</i>
                                             <i>Matelea pueblensis</i>
                                             <i>Matelea purpusii</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus purpusii]
                                             <i>Matelea pusilliflora</i>
                                             <i>Matelea quercetorum</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum quercetorum]
                                             <i>Matelea quirosii</i>
                                             <i>Matelea radiata</i>
                                             <i>Matelea reticulata</i>
                                                   [Dictyanthus reticulatus]
                                             <i>Matelea rivularis</i>
                                             <i>Matelea sagittifolia</i>
                                             <i>Matelea schaffneri</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus schaffneri]
                                             <i>Matelea scopulorum</i>
                                             <i>Matelea sepicola</i>
                                             <i>Matelea shortii</i>
                                             <i>Matelea sintenisii</i>
                                             <i>Matelea squiresii</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus squiresii]
                                             <i>Matelea stenosepala</i>
                                             <i>Matelea stergiosii</i>
                                             <i>Matelea suberifera</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus suberiferus]
                                             <i>Matelea sylvicola</i>
                                             <i>Matelea tamnifolia</i>
                                                   [Poicilla tamnifolia]
                                             <i>Matelea tenuis</i>
                                             <i>Matelea texensis</i>
                                             <i>Matelea tezcatlipocantha</i>
                                             <i>Matelea tigrina</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus tigrinus]
                                             <i>Matelea tinctoria</i>
                                             <i>Matelea trianae</i>
                                             <i>Matelea tristiflora</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum tristiflorum]
                                             <i>Matelea tuberosa</i>
                                             <i>Matelea tuerckheimii</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum trichoneuron]
                                             <i>Matelea umbellata</i>
                                             <i>Matelea urophylla</i>
                                             <i>Matelea variifolia</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus variifolius]
                                                   [Matelea varifolia]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum variifolium]
                                             <i>Matelea velutina</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus velutinus]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum velutinum]
                                             <i>Matelea velutinoides</i>
                                             <i>Matelea violacea</i>
                                             <i>Matelea woodsonii</i>
                                     <i>Morilloa</i>
                                             <i>Morilloa carassensis</i>
                                                   [Astephanus carassensis]
                                     <i>Phaeostemma</i>
                                     <i>Poicillopsis</i>
                                             <i>Poicillopsis crispiflora</i>
                                     <i>Pruskortizia</i>
                                             <i>Pruskortizia dasytricha</i>
                                                   [Matelea dasytricha]
                                             <i>Pruskortizia macrocarpa</i>
                                                   [Matelea macrocarpa]
                                     <i>Rhytidostemma</i>
                                             <i>Rhytidostemma viride</i>
                                               <i>Rhytidostemma viride subsp. viride</i>
                                                     [Matelea viridis]
                                     <i>Rotundanthus</i>
                                             <i>Rotundanthus fulvidus</i>
                                                   [Matelea fulvida]
                                                   [Matelea grandiflora]
                                     <i>Ruehssia</i>
                                             <i>Ruehssia altissima</i>
                                               <i>Ruehssia altissima subsp. altissima</i>
                                                     [Marsdenia ecorpuscula]
                                             <i>Ruehssia bourgaeana</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia bourgaeana]
                                             <i>Ruehssia callosa</i>
                                             <i>Ruehssia castillonii</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia castillonii]
                                             <i>Ruehssia clausa</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia campanulata]
                                                   [Marsdenia clausa var. campanulata]
                                                   [Marsdenia clausa]
                                                   [Pergularia clausa]
                                             <i>Ruehssia condensiflora</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia inelegans]
                                             <i>Ruehssia coulteri</i>
                                             <i>Ruehssia crassipes</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia crassipes]
                                             <i>Ruehssia cundurango</i>
                                               <i>Ruehssia cundurango subsp. cundurango</i>
                                                     [Gonolobus cundurango]
                                             <i>Ruehssia cuneata</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia cuneata]
                                             <i>Ruehssia dressleri</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia dressleri]
                                             <i>Ruehssia engleriana</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia engleriana]
                                             <i>Ruehssia gallardoae</i>
                                             <i>Ruehssia gualanensis</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia brenesii]
                                             <i>Ruehssia lanata</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia agnota]
                                                   [Marsdenia lanata]
                                             <i>Ruehssia laxiflora</i>
                                             <i>Ruehssia malmeana</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia malmeana]
                                             <i>Ruehssia mexicana</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia mexicana]
                                             <i>Ruehssia nicoyana</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia nicoyana]
                                             <i>Ruehssia olgamarthae</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia olgamarthae]
                                             <i>Ruehssia panamensis</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia panamensis]
                                             <i>Ruehssia parvifolia</i>
                                             <i>Ruehssia pinetorum</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia pinetorum]
                                             <i>Ruehssia propinqua</i>
                                             <i>Ruehssia pseudoedulis</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia blepharodes]
                                                   [Marsdenia pseudoedulis]
                                             <i>Ruehssia rotheana</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia rotheana]
                                             <i>Ruehssia rubrofusca</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia rubrofusca]
                                             <i>Ruehssia rzedowskiana</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia rzedowskiana]
                                             <i>Ruehssia sprucei</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia sprucei]
                                             <i>Ruehssia stephanotidifolia</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia stephanotidifolia]
                                             <i>Ruehssia steyermarkii</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia steyermarkii]
                                             <i>Ruehssia trivirgulata</i>
                                             <i>Ruehssia troyana</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia troyana]
                                             <i>Ruehssia tubularis</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia tubularis]
                                             <i>Ruehssia veronicae</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia veronicae]
                                             <i>Ruehssia weddellii</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia weddellii]
                                             <i>Ruehssia zimapanica</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia zimapanica]
                                     <i>Talayotea</i>
                                             <i>Talayotea caudata</i>
                                                   [Matelea caudata]
                                             <i>Talayotea trachyantha</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus caudatus var. trachyanthus]
                                                   [Matelea trachyantha]
                                     <i>Vulcanoa</i>
                                             <i>Vulcanoa steyermarkii</i>
                                                   [Matelea steyermarkii]
                                     <i>Asclepias</i>
               Asclepias F1 hybrid
                                             <i>Asclepias aceratoides</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias aequicornu</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias albens</i>
                                                   [Asclepias affinis]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus albens]
                                             <i>Asclepias albicans</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias albida</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias alpestris</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum alpestre]
                                             <i>Asclepias amabilis</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus amabilis]
                                             <i>Asclepias ameliae</i>
                                                   [Asclepias pulchella]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus pulchellus]
                                                   [Trachycalymma pulchellum]
                                             <i>Asclepias amoena</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias amplexicaulis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias amsonioides</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias angustifolia</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus angustifolius]
                                             <i>Asclepias apocynifolia</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias arenaria</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias arenicola</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias asperula</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias asperula asperula</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias asperula subsp. asperula</i>
                                                     [Acerates asperula]
                                               <i>Asclepias asperula subsp. capricornu</i>
                                                     [Acerates decumbens]
                                                     [Anantherix decumbens]
                                                     [Asclepias capricornu subsp. capricornu]
                                                     [Asclepias capricornu subsp. occidentalis]
                                                     [Asclepias capricornu]
                                                     [Asclepias decumbens]
                                               <i>Asclepias asperula var. asperula</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias asperula var. decumbens</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias atroviolacea</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias aurea</i>
                                                   [Aidomene parvula]
                                                   [Asclepias radiata]
                                               <i>Asclepias aurea var. vittata</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias barjoniifolia</i>
                                                   [Asclepias cochabambensis]
                                             <i>Asclepias baumii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias bicknellii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias bifida</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias boliviensis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias brachystephana</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias brevianthera</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias brevianthera subsp. brevianthera</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias brevianthera subsp. minor</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias buchwaldii</i>
                                                   [Asclepias buchwaldii var. angustifolia]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus buchwaldii]
                                                   [Trachycalymma buchwaldii]
                                             <i>Asclepias californica</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus tomentosus var. xanti]
                                               <i>Asclepias californica californica</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias californica subsp. californica</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias californica subsp. greenei</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias campestris</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias candida</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias carnosa</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias cinerea</i>
                                                   [Enslenia cinerea]
                                             <i>Asclepias circinalis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias cirrosa</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias coccinea</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias connivens</i>
                                                   [Acerates connivens]
                                                   [Anantherix verrucosa]
                                             <i>Asclepias consanguinea</i>
                                                   [Asclepias obtusifolia]
                                             <i>Asclepias constricta</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias contrayerba</i>
                                                   [Asclepias setosa]
                                             <i>Asclepias conzattii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias cordifolia</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus cordifolius]
                                             <i>Asclepias coulteri</i>
                                                   [Asclepias tithymaloides]
                                             <i>Asclepias crassicoronata</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias crispa</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias crispa var. crispa</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias crocea</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias cryptoceras</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias cryptoceras subsp. cryptoceras</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias cryptoceras subsp. davisii</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias cryptoceras var. cryptoceras</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias cryptoceras var. davisii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias cucullata</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias cucullata subsp. cucullata</i>
                                                     [Gomphocarpus cucullatus]
                                                     [Trachycalymma cucullatum]
                                               <i>Asclepias cucullata subsp. scabrifolia</i>
                                                     [Asclepias scabrifolia]
                                             <i>Asclepias curassavica</i>
                                                   [Asclepias nivea var. curassavica]
                                             <i>Asclepias curtissii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias cutleri</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias davisii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias debilis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias densiflora</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias dependens</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus dependens]
                                             <i>Asclepias dregeana</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias dregeana var. calceola</i>
                                                     [Asclepias calceolus]
                                                     [Asclepias dregeana var. sordida]
                                             <i>Asclepias edentata</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias elata</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias elegantula</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias eminens</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus eminens]
                                                   [Stenostelma eminens]
                                             <i>Asclepias emoryi</i>
                                                   [Asclepias bartlettiana]
                                                   [Podostemma leoninum]
                                             <i>Asclepias engelmanniana</i>
                                                   [Acerates auriculata]
                                                   [Asclepias auriculata]
                                             <i>Asclepias eriocarpa</i>
                                                   [Asclepias eriocarpa var. microcarpa]
                                                   [Asclepias fremontii]
                                             <i>Asclepias erosa</i>
                                                   [Asclepias leucophylla]
                                                   [Asclepias rothrockii]
                                             <i>Asclepias euphorbiifolia</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias exaltata</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias exilis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias fallax</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias fascicularis</i>
                                                   [Asclepias mexicana]
                                             <i>Asclepias feayi</i>
                                                   [Acerates feayi]
                                                   [Asclepiodora feayi]
                                             <i>Asclepias fimbriata</i>
                                                   [Trachycalymma fimbriatum]
                                             <i>Asclepias foliosa</i>
                                                   [Asclepias endotrachys]
                                                   [Asclepias lepida]
                                                   [Asclepias minuta]
                                                   [Asclepias modesta var. foliosa]
                                                   [Asclepias modesta var. modesta]
                                                   [Asclepias modesta]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus foliosus]
                                                   [Trachycalymma foliosum]
                                             <i>Asclepias fournieri</i>
                                                   [Acerates gomphocarpoides]
                                                   [Asclepias grayi]
                                             <i>Asclepias fruticosa</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias fulva</i>
                                                   [Asclepias rubicunda]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus marginatus]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus viridiflorus]
                                                   [Pachycarpus fulvus]
                                                   [Pachycarpus viridiflorus]
                                                   [Xysmalobium viridiflorum]
                                             <i>Asclepias gentryi</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias gibba</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias glaucescens</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias graminifolia</i>
                                                   [Pachycarpus graminifolius]
                                                   [Trachycalymma graminifolium]
                                             <i>Asclepias grandirandii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias graogramanii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias hallii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias hirtella</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias humilis</i>
                                                   [Acerates humilis]
                                             <i>Asclepias humistrata</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias hybrida</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias hypoleuca</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus hypoleucus]
                                             <i>Asclepias inaequalis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias incarnata</i>
                                                   [Asclepias incarnata var. longifolia]
                                               <i>Asclepias incarnata incarnata</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias incarnata subsp. incarnata</i>
                                                     [Asclepias incarnata f. albiflora]
                                                     [Asclepias incarnata var. glabra]
                                               <i>Asclepias incarnata subsp. pulchra</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias incarnata var. incarnata</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias incarnata var. neoscotica</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias incarnata var. pulchra</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias intermedia</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias involucrata</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias jaliscana</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias jorgeana</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias kamerunensis</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus kamerunensis]
                                             <i>Asclepias kansana</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias kotolo</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias labriformis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias lanceolata</i>
                                                   [Asclepias paupercula]
                                               <i>Asclepias lanceolata var. paupercula</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias lanuginosa</i>
                                                   [Acerates lanuginosa]
                                             <i>Asclepias latifolia</i>
                                                   [Asclepias obtusifolia var. latifolia]
                                             <i>Asclepias laurifolia</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias laxiflora</i>
                                                   [Otaria laxiflora]
                                             <i>Asclepias lemmonii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias leptopus</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias linaria</i>
                                                   [Asclepias pinifolia]
                                             <i>Asclepias linearis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias linifolia</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias longifolia</i>
                                                   [Acerates delticola]
                                                   [Acerates floridana]
                                                   [Acerates longifolia]
                                                   [Asclepias floridana]
                                                   [Polyotus longifolius]
                                               <i>Asclepias longifolia subsp. hirtella</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias longifolia subsp. longifolia</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias longifolia var. hirtella</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias longifolia var. longifolia</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias longirostra</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias longissima</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus longissimus]
                                             <i>Asclepias lynchiana</i>
                                                   [Asclepias grandiflora]
                                             <i>Asclepias macrantha</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias macropus</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias macrosperma</i>
                                                   [Asclepias involucrata var. tomentosa]
                                             <i>Asclepias macrotis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias macroura</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias masonii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias mcvaughii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias meadii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias melantha</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias meliodora</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum theileri]
                                             <i>Asclepias mellodora</i>
                                                   [Asclepias hassleriana]
                                                   [Asclepias nervosa]
                                             <i>Asclepias michauxii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias minor</i>
                                                   [Odontostelma minus]
                                                   [Odontostelma welwitschii]
                                             <i>Asclepias minutiflora</i>
                                                   [Trachycalymma minutiflorum]
                                             <i>Asclepias mirifica</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias mtorwiensis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias multicaulis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias neglecta</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias nigra</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias nivea</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias notha</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias nummularia</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias nuttii</i>
                                                   [Stathmostelma nuttii]
                                             <i>Asclepias nyctaginifolia</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias nyctaginifolia x standleyi</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias obovata</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias occidentalis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias oenotheroides</i>
                                                   [Asclepias brevicornu]
                                                   [Asclepias lindheimeri]
                                                   [Asclepias longicornu]
                                                   [Podostemma australe]
                                                   [Podostemma helleri]
                                             <i>Asclepias otarioides</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias ovalifolia</i>
                                                   [Asclepias nuttalliana]
                                             <i>Asclepias ovata</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias palustris</i>
                                                   [Asclepias cristata]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus cristatus]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus palustris]
                                                   [Trachycalymma cristatum]
                                             <i>Asclepias pedicellata</i>
                                                   [Podostigma pubescens]
                                             <i>Asclepias pellucida</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias perennis</i>
                                                   [Asclepias parvula]
                                                   [Matelea laevis]
                                               <i>Asclepias perennis var. parvula</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias physocarpa</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus physocarpus]
                                             <i>Asclepias phytolaccoides</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias pilgeriana</i>
                                                   [Asclepias flava]
                                             <i>Asclepias pratensis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias pringlei</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias prostrata</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias pseudoamabilis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias pseudofimbriata</i>
                                                   [Trachycalymma pseudofimbriatum]
                                             <i>Asclepias pseudorubricaulis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias puberula</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias pulchra</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias pumila</i>
                                                   [Asclepias verticillata var. pumila]
                                             <i>Asclepias purpurascens</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias pygmaea</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias quadrifolia</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias quinquedentata</i>
                                                   [Asclepias palmeri]
                                             <i>Asclepias rafaelensis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias randii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias rolfsii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias rosea</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias rubra</i>
                                                   [Asclepias lancifolia]
                                             <i>Asclepias rusbyi</i>
                                                   [Asclepias engelmanniana var. rusbyi]
                                             <i>Asclepias ruthiae</i>
                                                   [Asclepias eastwoodiana]
                                                   [Asclepias uncialis subsp. ruthiae]
                                                   [Asclepias uncialis var. ruthiae]
                                             <i>Asclepias sanjuanensis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias scaposa</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias schaffneri</i>
                                                   [Asclepias zacatecana]
                                             <i>Asclepias scheryi</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias schizoglossoides</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias schumanniana</i>
                                                   [Asclepias gossweileri]
                                                   [Asclepias rubella]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus amoenus]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus roseus]
                                                   [Trachycalymma amoenum]
                                             <i>Asclepias senecionifolia</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias shabaensis</i>
                                                   [Trachycalymma shabaense]
                                             <i>Asclepias similis</i>
                                                   [Asclepias alticola]
                                                   [Asclepias bidentata]
                                             <i>Asclepias solanoana</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias solstitialis</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus solstitialis]
                                             <i>Asclepias speciosa</i>
                                                   [Asclepias giffordii]
                                             <i>Asclepias sperryi</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias sphacelata</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus sphacelatus]
                                             <i>Asclepias standleyi</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias stathmostelmoides</i>
                                                   [Stathmostelma verdickii]
                                             <i>Asclepias stellifera</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias stenophylla</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias subaphylla</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias suberosa</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias subulata</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias subverticillata</i>
                                                   [Asclepias galioides]
                                             <i>Asclepias subviridis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias suffrutex</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias sullivantii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias syriaca</i>
                                                   [Asclepias cornuti]
                                                   [Asclepias syriaca f. leucantha]
                                               <i>Asclepias syriaca var. kansana</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias tanganyikensis</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus tanganyikensis]
                                             <i>Asclepias texana</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias tomentosa</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias tuberosa</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias tuberosa subsp. interior</i>
                                                     [Asclepias tuberosa f. lutea]
                                                     [Asclepias tuberosa subsp. terminalis]
                                                     [Asclepias tuberosa var. interior]
                                               <i>Asclepias tuberosa subsp. rolfsii</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias tuberosa subsp. tuberosa</i>
                                                     [Asclepias tuberosa f. bicolor]
                                                     [Asclepias tuberosa var. cordata]
                                                     [Asclepias tuberosa var. decumbens]
                                               <i>Asclepias tuberosa tuberosa</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias tuberosa var. rolfsii</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias tuberosa var. tuberosa</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias uncialis</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias uncialis subsp. uncialis</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias variegata</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias verticillata</i>
                                                   [Asclepias parviflora]
                                               <i>Asclepias verticillata var. galioides</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias verticillata var. subverticillata</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias vestita</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias vestita subsp. parishii</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias vestita subsp. vestita</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias vestita var. parishii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias vinosa</i>
                                                   [Acerates vinosa]
                                             <i>Asclepias viridiflora</i>
                                                   [Acerates bifida]
                                                   [Acerates viridiflora var. ivesii]
                                                   [Acerates viridiflora var. lanceolata]
                                                   [Acerates viridiflora var. linearis]
                                                   [Acerates viridiflora]
                                                   [Asclepias viridiflora var. lanceolata]
                                                   [Asclepias viridiflora var. linearis]
                                                   [Polyotus heterophyllus]
                                               <i>Asclepias viridiflora var. obovata</i>
                                               <i>Asclepias viridiflora var. viridiflora</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias viridis</i>
                                                   [Acerates paniculata]
                                                   [Anantherix paniculata]
                                             <i>Asclepias viridula</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias virletii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias welshii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias woodsoniana</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias wrightii</i>
                                             <i>Asclepias zanthodacryon</i>
                                                   [Asclepiodora zanthodacryon]
                                     <i>Asclepiodella</i>
                                             <i>Asclepiodella feayi</i>
                                     <i>Asclepiodora</i>
                                             <i>Asclepiodora asperula</i>
                                             <i>Asclepiodora decumbens</i>
                                             <i>Asclepiodora viridis</i>
                                     <i>Aspidoglossum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum angustissimum</i>
                                                   [Aspidoglossum whytei]
                                                   [Schizoglossum angustissimum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum elatum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum ledermannii]
                                                   [Schizoglossum whytei]
                                                   [Schizoglossum zernyi]
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum araneiferum</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum araneiferum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum polynema]
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum biflorum</i>
                                                   [Aspidoglossum biflorum var. gwelense]
                                                   [Schizoglossum biflorum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum gwelense]
                                                   [Schizoglossum shirense]
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum breve</i>
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum cebrum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum connatum</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum connatum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum vulcanorum]
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum crebrum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum delagoense</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum biauriculatum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum delagoense]
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum elliotii</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum debile]
                                                   [Schizoglossum elliotii]
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum erubescens</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum erubescens]
                                                   [Schizoglossum pentheri]
                                                   [Schizoglossum strictissimum]
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum eylesii</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum eylesii]
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum glabellum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum hirundo</i>
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum interruptum</i>
                                                   [Lagarinthus interruptus]
                                                   [Schizoglossum barberae]
                                                   [Schizoglossum garuanum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum gracile]
                                                   [Schizoglossum kamerunense]
                                                   [Schizoglossum lasiopetalum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum morumbenense]
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum lanatum</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum lanatum]
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum masaicum</i>
                                                   [Aspidoglossum kulsii]
                                                   [Schizoglossum altum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum baumii]
                                                   [Schizoglossum fuscopurpureum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum masaicum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum semlikense]
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum nyasae</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum leptoglossum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum multifolium]
                                                   [Schizoglossum nyassae]
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum ovalifolium</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum ovalifolium]
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum rhodesicum</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum rhodesicum]
                                             <i>Aspidoglossum woodii</i>
                                     <i>Aspidosperma</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma album</i>
                                                   [Aspidosperma centrale]
                                             <i>Aspidosperma argenteum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma australe</i>
                                               <i>Aspidosperma australe var. estrellense</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma camporum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma capitatum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma carapanauba</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma chodatii</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma cruentum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma cuspa</i>
                                                   [Aspidosperma ellipticum]
                                                   [Aspidosperma sessiliflorum]
                                             <i>Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma darienense</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma decussatum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma desmanthum</i>
                                                   [Aspidosperma chiapense]
                                                   [Aspidosperma matudae]
                                             <i>Aspidosperma discolor</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma dispermum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma dugandii</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma eburneum</i>
                                                   [Aspidosperma pruinosum]
                                             <i>Aspidosperma excelsum</i>
                                                   [Aspidosperma marcgravianum]
                                                   [Aspidosperma nitidum]
                                             <i>Aspidosperma illustre</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma macrocarpon</i>
                                                   [Aspidosperma duckei]
                                             <i>Aspidosperma megalocarpon</i>
                                                   [Aspidosperma lundellianum]
                                                   [Cufodontia arborea]
                                                   [Cufodontia escuintlensis]
                                               <i>Aspidosperma megalocarpon subsp. curranii</i>
                                                     [Aspidosperma curranii]
                                               <i>Aspidosperma megalocarpon subsp. megalocarpon</i>
                                                     [Aspidosperma stegomeris]
                                                     [Cufodontia lundelliana]
                                                     [Cufodontia stegomeris]
                                             <i>Aspidosperma megaphyllum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma multiflorum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma myristicifolium</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma neblinae</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma nobile</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma oblongum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma olivaceum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma pachypterum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma parvifolium</i>
                                                   [Aspidosperma vargasii]
                                             <i>Aspidosperma polyneuron</i>
                                                   [Aspidosperma peroba]
                                             <i>Aspidosperma pyricollum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma pyrifolium</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma quebracho</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma ramiflorum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma riedelii</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma rigidum</i>
                                                   [Aspidosperma jaunechense]
                                             <i>Aspidosperma schultesii</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma spruceanum</i>
                                                   [Aspidosperma melanocalyx]
                                                   [Aspidosperma steinbachii]
                                                   [Aspidosperma woodsonianum]
                                             <i>Aspidosperma steyermarkii</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma subincanum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma tomentosum</i>
                                                   [Aspidosperma dasycarpon]
                                                   [Aspidosperma quirandy var. silvaticum]
                                                   [Aspidosperma quirandy]
                                             <i>Aspidosperma triternatum</i>
                                                   [Aspidosperma horko-kebracho]
                                             <i>Aspidosperma ulei</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma verruculosum</i>
                                             <i>Aspidosperma williamii</i>
                                     <i>Astephanus</i>
                                             <i>Astephanus hieronymi</i>
                                             <i>Astephanus ovatus</i>
                                             <i>Astephanus triflorus</i>
                                     <i>Australluma</i>
                                             <i>Australluma ubomboensis</i>
                                                   [Angolluma ubomboensis]
                                                   [Caralluma ubomboensis]
                                                   [Orbea ubomboensis]
                                                   [Pachycymbium ubomboense]
                                     <i>Baissea</i>
                                             <i>Baissea atrobrunnea</i>
                                             <i>Baissea axillaris</i>
                                                   [Guerkea schumanniana]
                                                   [Zygodia axillaris]
                                             <i>Baissea baillonii</i>
                                                   [Baissea breviloba]
                                                   [Baissea ivorensis]
                                             <i>Baissea campanulata</i>
                                                   [Baissea goossensii]
                                                   [Baissea laurentii]
                                                   [Baissea minutiflora]
                                                   [Baissea subsessilis]
                                                   [Oncinotis campanulata]
                                                   [Oncinotis subsessilis]
                                             <i>Baissea concinna</i>
                                             <i>Baissea congensis</i>
                                                   [Zygodia congensis]
                                             <i>Baissea floribunda</i>
                                                   [Guerkea floribunda]
                                             <i>Baissea gracillima</i>
                                                   [Baissea malchairii]
                                                   [Baissea micrantha]
                                                   [Guerkea gracillima]
                                             <i>Baissea haemantha</i>
                                             <i>Baissea hildebrandtii</i>
                                             <i>Baissea lane-poolei</i>
                                             <i>Baissea leonensis</i>
                                                   [Baissea albo-rosea]
                                                   [Baissea brachyantha]
                                                   [Baissea dichotoma]
                                                   [Baissea elliptica]
                                                   [Baissea giorgii]
                                                   [Baissea likimiensis]
                                                   [Baissea odorata]
                                                   [Baissea ogowensis]
                                                   [Baissea tenuiloba]
                                                   [Baissea uropetala]
                                                   [Guerkea uropetala]
                                             <i>Baissea leontonori</i>
                                             <i>Baissea longipetiolata</i>
                                             <i>Baissea major</i>
                                                   [Baissea angolensis var. major]
                                             <i>Baissea multiflora</i>
                                                   [Baissea angolensis]
                                                   [Baissea caudiloba]
                                                   [Baissea heudelotii]
                                                   [Baissea laxiflora]
                                                   [Baissea multiflora var. caudiloba]
                                                   [Baissea thollonii]
                                                   [Guerkea congolana]
                                                   [Oncinotis axillaris]
                                             <i>Baissea myrtifolia</i>
                                                   [Baissea kidengensis]
                                                   [Baissea melanocephala]
                                                   [Oncinotis melanocephala]
                                                   [Zygodia kidengensis]
                                                   [Zygodia melanocephala]
                                                   [Zygodia myrtifolia]
                                             <i>Baissea ochrantha</i>
                                             <i>Baissea subrufa</i>
                                                   [Baissea mortehanii]
                                             <i>Baissea urceolata</i>
                                                   [Zygodia subsessilis]
                                                   [Zygodia urceolata]
                                             <i>Baissea viridiflora</i>
                                                   [Motandra viridiflora]
                                             <i>Baissea welwitschii</i>
                                                   [Baissea calophylla]
                                                   [Baissea erythrosticta]
                                                   [Conodura calophylla]
                                                   [Perinerion welwitschii]
                                             <i>Baissea wulfhorstii</i>
                                                   [Baissea spectabilis]
                                             <i>Baissea zygodioides</i>
                                                   [Baissea aframensis]
                                                   [Oncinotis zygodioides]
                                     <i>Ballyanthus</i>
                                             <i>Ballyanthus major</i>
                                             <i>Ballyanthus prognathus</i>
                                                   [Orbea prognatha]
                                                   [Stapelia prognatha]
                                     <i>Barjonia</i>
                                     <i>Barrowia</i>
                                     <i>Baseonema</i>
                                             <i>Baseonema gregoryi</i>
                                     <i>Basistelma</i>
                                             <i>Basistelma angustifolium</i>
                                     <i>Batesanthus</i>
                                             <i>Batesanthus pseudopalpus</i>
                                             <i>Batesanthus purpureus</i>
                                                   [Batesanthus intrusus]
                                                   [Batesanthus mildbraedii]
                                                   [Batesanthus talbotii var. grandiflora]
                                                   [Batesanthus talbotii var. parviflora]
                                                   [Batesanthus talbotii]
                                                   [Perithrix glabra]
                                     <i>Beaumontia</i>
                                             <i>Beaumontia brevituba</i>
                                             <i>Beaumontia grandiflora</i>
                                             <i>Beaumontia jerdoniana</i>
                                             <i>Beaumontia multiflora</i>
                                             <i>Beaumontia murtonii</i>
                                     <i>Belandra</i>
                                     <i>Biondia</i>
                                             <i>Biondia henryi</i>
                                     <i>Biventraria</i>
                                             <i>Biventraria variegata</i>
                                     <i>Blastotrophe</i>
                                     <i>Blepharodon</i>
                                             <i>Blepharodon asparagoides</i>
                                             <i>Blepharodon bicuspidatum</i>
                                             <i>Blepharodon glaucescens</i>
                                                   [Ditassa glaucescens]
                                             <i>Blepharodon gomphocarpoides</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia neriifolia]
                                                   [Nephradenia neriifolia]
                                             <i>Blepharodon grandiflorum</i>
                                             <i>Blepharodon lineare</i>
                                             <i>Blepharodon mucronatum</i>
                                                   [Astephanus mucronatus]
                                                   [Philibertia anomala]
                                             <i>Blepharodon pictum</i>
                                                   [Blepharodon nitidum]
                                                   [Blepharodon steudelianum]
                                                   [Cynanchum pictum]
                                             <i>Blepharodon reflexum</i>
                                             <i>Blepharodon viscidum</i>
                                     <i>Blyttia</i>
                                             <i>Blyttia spiralis</i>
                                                   [Pentatropis spiralis]
                                     <i>Bonafousia</i>
                                             <i>Bonafousia undulata</i>
                                     <i>Boucerosia</i>
                                     <i>Brachystelma</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma albipilosum</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma arachnoideum</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma arenarium</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma barberiae</i>
                                                   [Dichaelia barberiae]
                                             <i>Brachystelma bikitaense</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma bracteolatum</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma buchananii</i>
                                                   [Brachystelma magicum]
                                                   [Brachystelma nauseosum]
                                                   [Brachystelma shirense]
                                                   [Ceropegia buchananii]
                                             <i>Brachystelma chloranthum</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma coddii</i>
                                               <i>Brachystelma coddii subsp. kituloense</i>
                                                     [Brachystelma kituloense]
                                             <i>Brachystelma dinteri</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma elegantulum</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma exile</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma festucifolium</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma floribundum</i>
                                               <i>Brachystelma floribundum var. floribundum</i>
                                               <i>Brachystelma floribundum var. mlimakito</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma foetidum</i>
                                                   [Brachystelma rehmannii]
                                             <i>Brachystelma franksiae</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma furcatum</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma gracile</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma gymnopodum</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia pumila]
                                                   [Ceropegia pygmaea var. pumila]
                                                   [Ceropegia pygmaea var. pygmaea]
                                             <i>Brachystelma hirtellum</i>
                                                   [Brachystelma pilosum]
                                                   [Dichaelia hirtella]
                                             <i>Brachystelma johnstonii</i>
                                                   [Brachystelma bagshawei]
                                                   [Brachystelma constrictum]
                                                   [Brachystelma lanceolatum]
                                                   [Brachystelma medusanthemum]
                                             <i>Brachystelma keniense</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma lancasteri</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma letestui</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma lineare</i>
                                                   [Brachystelma asmarense]
                                                   [Brachystelma ellipticum]
                                                   [Brachystelma pellacibellum]
                                                   [Brachystelma phyteumoides]
                                             <i>Brachystelma mafekingense</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma maritae</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma megasepalum</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma omissum</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma plocamoides</i>
                                                   [Brachystelma linearifolium]
                                                   [Brachystelma mortonii]
                                                   [Brachystelma parviflorum]
                                                   [Ceropegia plocamoides]
                                             <i>Brachystelma prostratum</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma punctatum</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma pygmaeum</i>
                                               <i>Brachystelma pygmaeum subsp. pygmaeum</i>
                                                     [Brachystelma pygmaeum var. breviflorum]
                                                     [Dichaelia breviflora]
                                                     [Dichaelia pygmaea]
                                             <i>Brachystelma richardsii</i>
                                             <i>Brachystelma rubellum</i>
                                                   [Tenaris rostrata]
                                                   [Tenaris rubella]
                                                   [Tenaris simulans]
                                                   [Tenaris volkensii]
                                             <i>Brachystelma tavalla</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia tavalla]
                                             <i>Brachystelma togoense</i>
                                                   [Brachystelma atacorense]
                                     <i>Bruceholstia</i>
                                             <i>Bruceholstia sidifolia</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum hatchii]
                                     <i>Buckollia</i>
                                             <i>Buckollia tomentosa</i>
                                                   [Tacazzea tomentosa]
                                             <i>Buckollia volubilis</i>
                                                   [Curroria volubilis]
                                                   [Raphionacme volubilis]
                                                   [Tacazzea volubilis]
                                     <i>Bunburia</i>
                                     <i>Calcareophilum</i>
                                     <i>Calciphila</i>
                                             <i>Calciphila galgalensis</i>
                                                   [Calcareophilum galgalense]
                                             <i>Calciphila gillettii</i>
                                                   [Calcareophilum gillettii]
                                     <i>Callichilia</i>
                                             <i>Callichilia barteri</i>
                                                   [Hedranthera barteri]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana barteri]
                                             <i>Callichilia basileis</i>
                                             <i>Callichilia bequaertii</i>
                                                   [Callichilia macrocalyx]
                                                   [Callichilia magnifica]
                                             <i>Callichilia inaequalis</i>
                                                   [Callichilia mannii]
                                             <i>Callichilia monopodialis</i>
                                                   [Tabernaemontana monopodialis]
                                             <i>Callichilia orientalis</i>
                                                   [Ephippiocarpa orientalis]
                                             <i>Callichilia subsessilis</i>
                                                   [Callichilia stenosepala]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana subsessilis]
                                     <i>Calocrater</i>
                                             <i>Calocrater preussii</i>
                                                   [Colocrater preussii]
                                     <i>Calostigma</i>
                                     <i>Calotropis</i>
                                             <i>Calotropis gigantea</i>
                                             <i>Calotropis procera</i>
                                                   [Asclepias gigantea]
                                                   [Asclepias procera]
                                                   [Calotropis busseana]
                                                   [Calotropis inflexa]
                                     <i>Cameraria</i>
                                             <i>Cameraria angustifolia</i>
                                             <i>Cameraria belizensis</i>
                                             <i>Cameraria latifolia</i>
                                             <i>Cameraria linearifolia</i>
                                             <i>Cameraria retusa</i>
                                                   [Cameraria oblongifolia]
                                     <i>Camerunia</i>
                                     <i>Caralluma</i>
                                             <i>Caralluma acutangula</i>
                                             <i>Caralluma adscendens</i>
                                                   [Caralluma subulata]
                                                   [Stapelia adscendens]
                                                   [Stapelia subulata]
                                             <i>Caralluma ango</i>
                                                   [Stapelia ango]
                                             <i>Caralluma arachnoidea</i>
                                               <i>Caralluma arachnoidea var. arachnoidea</i>
                                                     [Caralluma gracilipes subsp. arachnoidea]
                                                     [Spathulopetalum arachnoideum]
                                               <i>Caralluma arachnoidea var. breviloba</i>
                                                     [Caralluma gracilipes subsp. breviloba]
                                             <i>Caralluma aucheriana</i>
                                                   [Boucerosia aucheriana]
                                             <i>Caralluma baradii</i>
                                                   [Somalluma baradii]
                                             <i>Caralluma congestiflora</i>
                                                   [Caralluma plurifasciculata]
                                                   [Spathulopetalum congestiflora]
                                             <i>Caralluma dalzielii</i>
                                                   [Caralluma sudanica]
                                             <i>Caralluma darfurensis</i>
                                             <i>Caralluma dicapuae</i>
                                                   [Caralluma dicapuae var. seticorona]
                                                   [Spathulopetalum dicapuae]
                                             <i>Caralluma edithae</i>
                                                   [Desmidorchis edithae]
                                             <i>Caralluma edwardsiae</i>
                                                   [Caralluma gracilipes subsp. edwardsiae]
                                                   [Spathulopetalum edwardsiae]
                                             <i>Caralluma flavovirens</i>
                                             <i>Caralluma frerei</i>
                                             <i>Caralluma furta</i>
                                                   [Saurolluma furta]
                                             <i>Caralluma gracilipes</i>
                                                   [Spathulopetalum gracilipes]
                                             <i>Caralluma longiflora</i>
                                                   [Spathulopetalum longiflorum]
                                             <i>Caralluma moniliformis</i>
                                                   [Spathulopetalum moniliforme]
                                             <i>Caralluma nebrownii</i>
                                             <i>Caralluma peckii</i>
                                                   [Spathulopetalum peckii]
                                             <i>Caralluma priogonium</i>
                                                   [Caralluma elata]
                                                   [Caralluma mogadoxensis]
                                                   [Lasiostelma somalense]
                                                   [Spathulopetalum mogadoxense]
                                                   [Spathulopetalum priogonium]
                                                   [Tenaris somalensis]
                                             <i>Caralluma procumbens</i>
                                             <i>Caralluma russelliana</i>
                                             <i>Caralluma socotrana</i>
                                             <i>Caralluma somalica</i>
                                                   [Desmidorchis somalicus]
                                             <i>Caralluma turneri</i>
                                                   [Caralluma dicapuae subsp. turneri]
                                                   [Spathulopetalum turneri]
                                               <i>Caralluma turneri subsp. turneri</i>
                                               <i>Caralluma turneri subsp. ukambensis</i>
                                                     [Caralluma dicapuae subsp. ukambensis]
                                             <i>Caralluma vaduliae</i>
                                                   [Spathulopetalum vaduliae]
                                             <i>Caralluma wilhelmii</i>
                                     <i>Carissa</i>
                                             <i>Carissa arduina</i>
                                             <i>Carissa bispinosa</i>
                                                   [Arduina acuminata]
                                                   [Arduina erythrocarpa]
                                                   [Carissa acuminata]
                                                   [Carissa bispinosa subsp. zambesiensis]
                                                   [Carissa bispinosa var. acuminata]
                                                   [Carissa cordata]
                                                   [Carissa dinteri]
                                                   [Carissa erythrocarpa]
                                                   [Carissa megaphylla]
                                                   [Carissa myrtoides]
                                                   [Carissa sessiliflora]
                                                   [Carissa wyliei]
                                                   [Jasminonerium bispinosum]
                                                   [Lycium cordatum]
                                             <i>Carissa brownii</i>
                                             <i>Carissa carandas</i>
                                             <i>Carissa congesta</i>
                                             <i>Carissa edulis</i>
                                             <i>Carissa inermis</i>
                                                   [Carissa macrophylla]
                                             <i>Carissa macrocarpa</i>
                                                   [Arduina grandiflora]
                                                   [Arduina macrocarpa]
                                                   [Carissa africana]
                                                   [Carissa grandiflora]
                                                   [Carissa praetermissa]
                                                   [Jasminonerium africanum]
                                             <i>Carissa opaca</i>
                                             <i>Carissa ovata</i>
                                             <i>Carissa spinarum</i>
                                                   [Antura edulis]
                                                   [Antura hadiensis]
                                                   [Antura paucinervia]
                                                   [Arduina edulis]
                                                   [Azima pubescens]
                                                   [Carissa candolleana]
                                                   [Carissa cochinchinensis]
                                                   [Carissa cornifolia]
                                                   [Carissa dulcis]
                                                   [Carissa edulis f. continentalis]
                                                   [Carissa edulis f. pubescens]
                                                   [Carissa edulis f. typica]
                                                   [Carissa edulis var. major]
                                                   [Carissa edulis var. tomentosa]
                                                   [Carissa pilosa]
                                                   [Carissa pubescens]
                                                   [Carissa richardiana]
                                                   [Carissa tomentosa]
                                                   [Carissa villosa]
                                             <i>Carissa tetramera</i>
                                                   [Arduina tetramera]
                                     <i>Carpodinopsis</i>
                                     <i>Carpodinus</i>
                                             <i>Carpodinus complicata</i>
                                     <i>Carruthersia</i>
                                             <i>Carruthersia pilosa</i>
                                     <i>Carvalhoa</i>
                                             <i>Carvalhoa campanulata</i>
                                                   [Carvalhoa macrophylla]
                                                   [Carvalhoa petiolata]
                                     <i>Cascabela</i>
                                             <i>Cascabela gaumeri</i>
                                                   [Thevetia spathulata]
                                             <i>Cascabela ovata</i>
                                                   [Thevetia cuneifolia]
                                                   [Thevetia plumeriifolia]
                                             <i>Cascabela pinifolia</i>
                                                   [Thevetia peruviana var. pinifolia]
                                                   [Thevetia pinifolia]
                                             <i>Cascabela thevetioides</i>
                                                   [Thevetia yccotli]
                                     <i>Catharanthus</i>
                                             <i>Catharanthus lanceus</i>
                                             <i>Catharanthus longifolius</i>
                                             <i>Catharanthus ovalis</i>
                                             <i>Catharanthus pusillus</i>
                                                   [Vinca parviflora]
                                                   [Vinca pusilla]
                                             <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>
                                                   [Ammocallis rosea]
                                                   [Lochnera rosea var. alba]
                                                   [Lochnera rosea]
                                                   [Vinca guilelmi-waldemarii]
                                                   [Vinca rosea]
                                                   [Vinca speciosa]
                                               <i>Catharanthus roseus var. angustus</i>
                                               <i>Catharanthus roseus var. roseus</i>
                                             <i>Catharanthus trichophyllus</i>
                                     <i>Caudanthera</i>
                                             <i>Caudanthera edulis</i>
                                                   [Boucerosia edulis]
                                                   [Boucerosia stocksiana]
                                                   [Brachystelma subaphyllum]
                                                   [Caralluma edulis]
                                                   [Caralluma longidens]
                                                   [Caralluma mouretii]
                                                   [Caralluma vittata]
                                                   [Cryptolluma edulis]
                                                   [Lasiostelma subaphylla]
                                                   [Tenaris subaphylla]
                                             <i>Caudanthera mireillae</i>
                                                   [Caralluma mireillae]
                                     <i>Cavinium</i>
                                     <i>Centrostemma</i>
                                             <i>Centrostemma multiflorum</i>
                                     <i>Cerbera</i>
                                             <i>Cerbera dilatata</i>
                                             <i>Cerbera floribunda</i>
                                             <i>Cerbera inflata</i>
                                             <i>Cerbera manghas</i>
                                                   [Cerbera tanghin]
                                             <i>Cerbera odollam</i>
                                                   [Cerbera lactaria]
                                             <i>Cerbera venenifera</i>
                                     <i>Cerberiopsis</i>
                                             <i>Cerberiopsis candelabra</i>
                                     <i>Ceropegia</i>
                                           [Notechidnopsis]
                                           [Stapelianthus]
                                           [Tromotriche]
                                             <i>Ceropegia abyssinica</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia abyssinica var. abyssinica]
                                                   [Ceropegia abyssinica var. songeensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia bequaerti]
                                                   [Ceropegia bequaertii]
                                                   [Ceropegia bonafouxii var. linearifolia]
                                             <i>Ceropegia achtenii</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia achtenii subsp. achtenii]
                                                   [Ceropegia achtenii subsp. adolfii]
                                                   [Ceropegia achtenii subsp. togoensis]
                                             <i>Ceropegia affinis</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia angusta]
                                                   [Ceropegia atacorensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia biddumana]
                                                   [Ceropegia kamerunensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia racemosa subsp. glabra]
                                                   [Ceropegia racemosa subsp. racemosa]
                                                   [Ceropegia racemosa subsp. secamonoides]
                                                   [Ceropegia racemosa subsp. setifera]
                                                   [Ceropegia racemosa]
                                                   [Ceropegia ruspoliana]
                                             <i>Ceropegia africana</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia africana subsp. africana</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia africana subsp. barklyi</i>
                                                     [Ceropegia barklyi]
                                               <i>Ceropegia africana subsp. barkyi</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia ahmarensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia albisepta</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia albisepta var. albisepta]
                                                   [Ceropegia albisepta var. bruceana]
                                                   [Ceropegia albisepta var. robynsiana]
                                                   [Ceropegia evelynae]
                                                   [Ceropegia robynsiana]
                                                   [Ceropegia succulenta]
                                                   [Ceropegia viridis var. truncata]
                                                   [Ceropegia viridis var. viridis]
                                                   [Ceropegia viridis]
                                             <i>Ceropegia ampliata</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia ampliata subsp. ampliata]
                                                   [Ceropegia ampliata subsp. madagascariensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia ampliata subsp. oxyloba]
                                               <i>Ceropegia ampliata var. oxyloba</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia anceps</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia angustata</i>
                                                   [Brachystelma angustum]
                                             <i>Ceropegia antennifera</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia arabica</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia arabica var. abbreviata</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia arabica var. arabica</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia arabica var. powysii</i>
                                                     [Ceropegia powysii var. gigantica]
                                               <i>Ceropegia arabica var. superba</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia arenaria</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia aristolochioides</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia aristolochioides subsp. aristolochioides</i>
                                                     [Ceropegia albertina]
                                                     [Ceropegia aristolochioides subsp. albertina]
                                                     [Ceropegia aristolochioides var. wittei]
                                                     [Ceropegia baringii]
                                                     [Ceropegia burgeri]
                                                     [Ceropegia crassula]
                                                     [Ceropegia erergotana]
                                                     [Ceropegia perrottetii]
                                                     [Ceropegia seticorona var. dilatiloba]
                                                     [Ceropegia seticorona var. seticorona]
                                                     [Ceropegia volubilis var. crassicaulis]
                                               <i>Ceropegia aristolochioides subsp. deflersiana</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia armandii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia arnottiana</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia attenuata</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia ballyana</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia helicoides]
                                             <i>Ceropegia banforae</i>
                                                   [Brachystelma simplex subsp. banforae]
                                             <i>Ceropegia barbigera</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia barnesii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia batesii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia beccariana</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia beddomei</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia bhutanica</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia bikitaensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia bonafouxii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia borneensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia bosseri</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia razafindratsirana]
                                             <i>Ceropegia bowkeri</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia bowkeri subsp. bowkeri]
                                                   [Ceropegia bowkeri subsp. sororia]
                                             <i>Ceropegia bulbosa</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia brosima]
                                                   [Ceropegia humilis]
                                                   [Ceropegia vignaldiana]
                                             <i>Ceropegia buraoensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia caespitosa</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia caespitosa subsp. caespitosa</i>
                                                     [Duvalia caespitosa]
                                             <i>Ceropegia caffra</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia campanulata</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia campanulata var. abinsica</i>
                                                     [Ceropegia abinsica]
                                                     [Ceropegia hepburnii]
                                                     [Ceropegia tamalensis]
                                               <i>Ceropegia campanulata var. campanulata</i>
                                                     [Ceropegia dalzielii]
                                                     [Ceropegia kerstingii]
                                               <i>Ceropegia campanulata var. porphyrotricha</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia campanulata var. pulchella</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia cancellata</i>
                                                   [Cinclia cancellata]
                                             <i>Ceropegia candelabrum</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia candelabrum var. biflora</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia candelabrum var. candelabrum</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia candelabrum var. tuberosa</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia carnosa</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia cataphyllaris</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia choanantha</i>
                                                   [Tridentea choanantha]
                                             <i>Ceropegia christenseniana</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia chrysochroma</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia ciliata</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia ciliata subsp. ciliata]
                                             <i>Ceropegia cimiciodora</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia clavigera</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia clavigera subsp. clavigera</i>
                                                     [Huernia barbata]
                                                     [Huernia clavigera]
                                             <i>Ceropegia claviloba</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia columnaris</i>
                                                   [Notechidnopsis columnaris]
                                             <i>Ceropegia compta</i>
                                                   [Piaranthus comptus]
                                             <i>Ceropegia conrathii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia convolvuloides</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia cordiloba</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia cornuta</i>
                                                   [Piaranthus pulcher var. nebrownii]
                                                   [Piaranthus pulcher]
                                             <i>Ceropegia crassifolia</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia crassifolia var. copleyae</i>
                                                     [Ceropegia copleyae]
                                               <i>Ceropegia crassifolia var. crassifolia</i>
                                                     [Ceropegia crispata]
                                                     [Ceropegia thorncroftii]
                                                     [Ceropegia tuberculata]
                                             <i>Ceropegia cufodontii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia cumingiana</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia cumingiana subsp. cumingiana</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia cumingiana subsp. horsfieldiana</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia cycniflora</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia cyperifolia</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia damannii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia debilis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia decaisneana</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia decaisneana var. brevicollis</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia decaisneana var. decaisneana</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia decaryana</i>
                                                   [Stapelianthus decaryi]
                                             <i>Ceropegia decidua</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia decidua subsp. pretoriensis</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia decidua var. decidua</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia deightonii</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia deightonii subsp. conjuncta]
                                                   [Ceropegia deightonii subsp. deightonii]
                                                   [Ceropegia deightonii subsp. tisserantii]
                                             <i>Ceropegia denticulata</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia denticulata var. brownii]
                                                   [Ceropegia denticulata var. denticulata]
                                             <i>Ceropegia dichotoma</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia dichotoma subsp. dichotoma</i>
                                                     [Ceropegia hians var. hians]
                                                     [Ceropegia hians var. striata]
                                               <i>Ceropegia dichotoma subsp. fusca</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia dichotoma subsp. krainzii</i>
                                                     [Ceropegia ceratophora]
                                                     [Ceropegia chrysantha]
                                                     [Ceropegia krainzii]
                                             <i>Ceropegia dimorpha</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia dinteri</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia distincta</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia brevirostris]
                                                   [Ceropegia distincta subsp. distincta]
                                               <i>Ceropegia distincta var. brevirostris</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia distincta var. distincta</i>
                                                     [Ceropegia cyrtoidea]
                                               <i>Ceropegia distincta var. rostrata</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia dolichophylla</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia longifolia subsp. sinensis]
                                             <i>Ceropegia dorjei</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia effusa</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia elegans</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia elegans var. elegans</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia elegans var. gardneri</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia ellenbeckii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia emdenpienaarii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia engleriana</i>
                                                   [Tromotriche engleriana]
                                             <i>Ceropegia ensifolia</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia ciliata subsp. ensifolia]
                                             <i>Ceropegia erectiflora</i>
                                                   [Stapelia erectiflora]
                                             <i>Ceropegia europaea</i>
                                                   [Boucerosia maroccana]
                                               <i>Ceropegia europaea var. judaica</i>
                                                     [Caralluma aaronis]
                                             <i>Ceropegia euryacme</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia evansii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia exigua</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia longifolia subsp. exigua]
                                             <i>Ceropegia fantastica</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia filicorona</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia filiformis</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia barbata]
                                             <i>Ceropegia filipendula</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia dichroantha]
                                                   [Ceropegia medoensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia mirabilis]
                                                   [Ceropegia peteri]
                                                   [Ceropegia renzii]
                                             <i>Ceropegia fimbriata</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia fimbriata subsp. connivens</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia fimbriata subsp. fimbriata</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia fimbriata subsp. geniculata</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia fimbriifera</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia floribunda</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia foliosa</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia fortuita</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia furcata</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia fusca</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia fusiformis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia galeata</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia geminata</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia geminata subsp. geminata</i>
                                                     [Piaranthus disparilis]
                                                     [Piaranthus foetidus var. purpureus]
                                                     [Piaranthus foetidus]
                                                     [Piaranthus globosus]
                                                     [Piaranthus pillansii var. fuscatus]
                                                     [Piaranthus pillansii]
                                             <i>Ceropegia gilgiana</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia gracilidens</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia grandiflora</i>
                                                   [Stapelia ambigua]
                                                   [Stapelia flavirostris]
                                             <i>Ceropegia guttata</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia guttata subsp. guttata</i>
                                                     [Huernia guttata]
                                             <i>Ceropegia gypsophila</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia haygarthii</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia tristis]
                                             <i>Ceropegia hexagona</i>
                                                   [Caralluma shadhbana]
                                             <i>Ceropegia hians</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia hirsuta</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia hofstaetteri</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia hookeri</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia hookeri var. hookeri]
                                                   [Ceropegia hookeri var. mollis]
                                             <i>Ceropegia humbertii</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia mayottae]
                                             <i>Ceropegia illegitima</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia imbricata</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia intracolor]
                                             <i>Ceropegia inflata</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia inornata</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia insignis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia intermedia</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia intermedia var. wightii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia jainii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia johnsonii</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia lujai]
                                             <i>Ceropegia juncea</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia kaariyei</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia kachinensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia keniensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia kituloensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia konasita</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia kundelunguensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia laikipiensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia langkawiensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia lawii</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia maccannii]
                                                   [Ceropegia panchganiensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia rollae]
                                                   [Ceropegia sahyadrica]
                                             <i>Ceropegia ledermanii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia ledermannii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia leroyi</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia lindenii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia linearis</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia linearis subsp. debilis</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia linearis subsp. linearis</i>
                                                     [Ceropegia caffrorum var. dubia]
                                                     [Ceropegia caffrorum]
                                               <i>Ceropegia linearis subsp. tenuis</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia linearis subsp. woodii</i>
                                                     [Ceropegia barbertonensis]
                                                     [Ceropegia collaricorona]
                                                     [Ceropegia hastata]
                                                     [Ceropegia leptocarpa]
                                                     [Ceropegia schoenlandii]
                                             <i>Ceropegia linophylla</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia senegalensis]
                                             <i>Ceropegia linophyllum</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia longifolia</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia angustifolia]
                                               <i>Ceropegia longifolia subsp. longifolia</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia longirostris</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia loranthiflora</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia lucida</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia lucida subsp. dryophila</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia lucida subsp. lucida</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia ludlowii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia lugardiae</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia distincta f. pubescens]
                                                   [Ceropegia distincta subsp. lugardiae]
                                                   [Ceropegia verruculosa]
                                             <i>Ceropegia macrantha</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia macrantha subsp. macrantha]
                                                   [Ceropegia macrantha var. thorelii]
                                                   [Ceropegia raizadiana]
                                             <i>Ceropegia macrocarpa</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia macrocarpa subsp. macrocarpa</i>
                                                     [Huernia macrocarpa var. arabica]
                                                     [Huernia macrocarpa var. penzigii]
                                                     [Huernia macrocarpa var. schweinfurthii]
                                                     [Huernia macrocarpa]
                                                     [Huernia penzigii]
                                             <i>Ceropegia macroloba</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia macroloba subsp. macroloba</i>
                                                     [Rhytidocaulon macrolobum]
                                             <i>Ceropegia macropetala</i>
                                                   [Brachystelma macropetalum]
                                             <i>Ceropegia maculata</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia madagascariensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia madens</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia mafekingensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia mahabalei</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia mairei</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia balfouriana]
                                                   [Ceropegia mairei var. mairei]
                                                   [Ceropegia mairei var. tenella]
                                             <i>Ceropegia maiuscula</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia manderensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia marronina</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia maughanii</i>
                                                   [Pectinaria maughanii]
                                             <i>Ceropegia media</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia meleagris</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia mendesii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia metziana</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia meyeri</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia meyeri-johannis</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia meyeri-johannis var. angiensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia meyeri-johannis var. meyeri-johannis]
                                                   [Ceropegia meyeri-johannis var. verdickii]
                                             <i>Ceropegia microgaster</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia mixta</i>
                                                   [Stapelia conspurcata]
                                                   [Stapelia deflexa]
                                                   [Stapelia marginata]
                                                   [Stapelia picta]
                                                   [Stapelia planiflora]
                                                   [Stapelia trisulca]
                                                   [Stapelia variegata var. atropurpurea]
                                                   [Stapelia variegata var. bufonia]
                                                   [Stapelia variegata var. picta]
                                             <i>Ceropegia monticola</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia muliensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia multiflora</i>
                                                   <i>Ceropegia multiflora f. tentaculata</i>
                                                         [Ceropegia tentaculata]
                                               <i>Ceropegia multiflora subsp. multiflora</i>
                                                     [Ceropegia multiflora f. pubescens]
                                                     [Ceropegia multiflora var. latifolia]
                                               <i>Ceropegia multiflora subsp. tentaculata</i>
                                                     [Ceropegia multiflora f. puberula]
                                             <i>Ceropegia muzingana</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia namuliensis</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia tanzamalawiense]
                                             <i>Ceropegia nana</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia nigra</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia kroboensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia melanops]
                                             <i>Ceropegia nilotica</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia decumbens]
                                                   [Ceropegia gemmifera]
                                                   [Ceropegia nilotica var. nilotica]
                                                   [Ceropegia plicata]
                                               <i>Ceropegia nilotica var. plicata</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia noorjahaniae</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia nutans</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia occidentalis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia occulta</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia occulta var. occulta</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia oculata</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia odorata</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia blatteri]
                                             <i>Ceropegia ogadensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia omissa</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia pachystachya</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia pachystelma</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia boerhaaviifolia]
                                                   [Ceropegia pachystelma subsp. undulata]
                                                   [Ceropegia schinziana]
                                               <i>Ceropegia pachystelma subsp. pachystelma</i>
                                                     [Ceropegia acacietorum]
                                                     [Ceropegia obscura]
                                             <i>Ceropegia paniculata</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia paniculata subsp. paniculata</i>
                                                     [Stapelia paniculata]
                                             <i>Ceropegia paohsingensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia papillata</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia papillata var. cordiloba]
                                                   [Ceropegia papillata var. papillata]
                                             <i>Ceropegia paricyma</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia dentata]
                                                   [Ceropegia mutabilis]
                                             <i>Ceropegia parviflora</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia parvioriflora</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia parvioriflora subsp. dependens</i>
                                                     [Caralluma dependens]
                                             <i>Ceropegia perangusta</i>
                                                   [Duvalia angustiloba]
                                             <i>Ceropegia petignatii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia peulhorum</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia peulhorum var. breviloba</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia peulhorum var. peulhorum</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia pilifera</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia pilifera subsp. pilifera</i>
                                                     [Trichocaulon piliferum]
                                             <i>Ceropegia poluniniana</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia porphyrotricha</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia powysii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia praetermissa</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia pseudorhynchantha</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia pubescens</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia pulvinata</i>
                                                   [Stapelia affinis]
                                                   [Stapelia asterias]
                                                   [Stapelia pulvinata]
                                                   [Stapelia sororia]
                                             <i>Ceropegia punctata</i>
                                                   [Stapelia punctata]
                                               <i>Ceropegia punctata var. framesii</i>
                                                     [Piaranthus framesii]
                                             <i>Ceropegia purpurascens</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia purpurascens subsp. thysanotos]
                                               <i>Ceropegia purpurascens subsp. purpurascens</i>
                                                     [Ceropegia kassneri]
                                                     [Ceropegia kwebensis]
                                             <i>Ceropegia pusilla</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia pygmaea</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia radicans</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia radicans subsp. radicans</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia radicans subsp. smithii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia recurvata</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia rendallii</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia rendallii subsp. mutongaensis</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia rendallii subsp. rendallii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia retrospiciens</i>
                                                   [Caralluma retrospiciens]
                                             <i>Ceropegia revoluta</i>
                                                   [Tromotriche revoluta]
                                             <i>Ceropegia rhychantha</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia rhynchantha</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia richardsiae</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia ringens</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia convolvulus]
                                                   [Ceropegia sinuata]
                                             <i>Ceropegia ringoetii</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia schlechteriana]
                                             <i>Ceropegia rudatisii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia rufa</i>
                                                   [Stapelia rufa]
                                             <i>Ceropegia rupicola</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia rupicola var. rupicola</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia rupicola var. stictantha</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia salicifolia</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia sandersonii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia sankuruensis</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia degemensis]
                                             <i>Ceropegia santapaui</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia huberi]
                                             <i>Ceropegia saxatilis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia scabra</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia schaijesiorum</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia schumanniana</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia semota</i>
                                                   [Stapelia semota]
                                             <i>Ceropegia sepium</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia seticorona</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia simoneae</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia simplex</i>
                                                   [Brachystelma simplex]
                                             <i>Ceropegia sobolifera</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia subtruncata]
                                               <i>Ceropegia sobolifera var. nephroloba</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia sobolifera var. sobolifera</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia somalensis</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia somalensis f. erostrata]
                                                   [Ceropegia somalensis f. somalensis]
                                             <i>Ceropegia sootepensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia speciosa</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia spiralis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia splendida</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia stapeliiformis</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia stapeliiformis subsp. stapeliiformis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia stenantha</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia angustiloba]
                                                   [Ceropegia infausta]
                                                   [Ceropegia mazoensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia quarrei]
                                                   [Ceropegia stenantha var. parviflora]
                                                   [Ceropegia tenuissima]
                                                   [Riocreuxia longiflora]
                                             <i>Ceropegia stenoloba</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia chortophylla]
                                                   [Ceropegia schliebenii]
                                                   [Ceropegia stenoloba var. australis]
                                                   [Ceropegia stenoloba var. moyalensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia stenoloba var. stenoloba]
                                               <i>Ceropegia stenoloba var. schliebenii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia stentiae</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia subaphylla</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia botrys]
                                                   [Ceropegia nuda]
                                             <i>Ceropegia swaziorum</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia talbotii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia tanzaniensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia taprobanica</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia teniana</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia thwaitesii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia tihamana</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia tomentosa</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia scabriflora]
                                             <i>Ceropegia tourana</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia trichantha</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia angustilimba]
                                             <i>Ceropegia tulipiflora</i>
                                                   [Stapeliopsis saxatilis]
                                             <i>Ceropegia tundavalensis</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia turricula</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia ugeni</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia umbraticola</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia chipiaensis]
                                                   [Ceropegia rostrata]
                                                   [Ceropegia schaijesorum]
                                                   [Ceropegia wellmannii]
                                             <i>Ceropegia vaduliae</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia vanderystii</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia rara]
                                             <i>Ceropegia variegata</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia devecchii var. adelaidae]
                                                   [Ceropegia devecchii]
                                                   [Ceropegia variegata var. cornigera]
                                             <i>Ceropegia verticillata</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia vincifolia</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia oculata var. subhirsuta]
                                                   [Ceropegia vincaefolia]
                                             <i>Ceropegia volubilis</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia dewevrei]
                                                   [Ceropegia scandens]
                                             <i>Ceropegia wallichii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia woodiana</i>
                                                   [Orbea woodii]
                                             <i>Ceropegia woodii</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia yampwapwa</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia yorubana</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia zambesiaca</i>
                                             <i>Ceropegia zeyheri</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia stapeliiformis subsp. serpentina</i>
                                                     [Ceropegia serpentina]
                                     <i>Chamaeclitandra</i>
                                             <i>Chamaeclitandra henriquesiana</i>
                                                   [Clitandra henriquesiana]
                                                   [Landolphia henriquesiana]
                                     <i>Chilocarpus</i>
                                             <i>Chilocarpus obtusifolius</i>
                                             <i>Chilocarpus vernicosus</i>
                                                   [Chilocarpus globuliferus]
                                     <i>Chlorocodon</i>
                                     <i>Chlorocyathus</i>
                                             <i>Chlorocyathus monteiroae</i>
                                                   [Raphionacme loandae]
                                                   [Raphionacme monteiroae]
                                     <i>Chlorostelma</i>
                                     <i>Chonemorpha</i>
                                             <i>Chonemorpha fragrans</i>
                                                   [Chonemorpha macrophylla]
                                                   [Chonemorpha penangensis]
                                             <i>Chonemorpha splendens</i>
                                             <i>Chonemorpha verrucosa</i>
                                                   [Rhynchodia wallichii]
                                     <i>Christya</i>
                                     <i>Chthamalia</i>
                                             <i>Chthamalia brevicoronata</i>
                                             <i>Chthamalia chihuahuensis</i>
                                             <i>Chthamalia cynanchoides</i>
                                             <i>Chthamalia decumbens</i>
                                             <i>Chthamalia nummularia</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus nummularius]
                                             <i>Chthamalia parviflora</i>
                                             <i>Chthamalia pedunculata</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus pedunculatus]
                                             <i>Chthamalia prostrata</i>
                                                   [Matelea prostrata]
                                             <i>Chthamalia pubiflora</i>
                                             <i>Chthamalia tehuacana</i>
                                     <i>Cibirhiza</i>
                                             <i>Cibirhiza albersiana</i>
                                             <i>Cibirhiza spiculata</i>
                                     <i>Cionura</i>
                                             <i>Cionura erecta</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia erecta]
                                     <i>Clitandra</i>
                                             <i>Clitandra cymulosa</i>
                                                   [Clitandra arnoldiana var. sereti]
                                                   [Clitandra arnoldiana]
                                                   [Clitandra elastica]
                                                   [Clitandra gilletii]
                                                   [Clitandra nzunde]
                                                   [Clitandra orientalis]
                                             <i>Clitandra micrantha</i>
                                             <i>Clitandra simoni</i>
                                     <i>Colocrater</i>
                                     <i>Comularia</i>
                                     <i>Condylocarpon</i>
                                             <i>Condylocarpon amazonicum</i>
                                             <i>Condylocarpon guyanense</i>
                                             <i>Condylocarpon intermedium</i>
                                               <i>Condylocarpon intermedium subsp. intermedium</i>
                                                     [Condylocarpon longii]
                                             <i>Condylocarpon isthmicum</i>
                                                   [Condylocarpon rauwolfiae var. tomentosum]
                                             <i>Condylocarpon myrtifolium</i>
                                             <i>Condylocarpon pubiflorum</i>
                                             <i>Condylocarpon rauwolfiae</i>
                                     <i>Conodura</i>
                                     <i>Conomitra</i>
                                             <i>Conomitra linearis</i>
                                                   [Glossonema lineare]
                                                   [Odontanthera linearis]
                                     <i>Conopharyngia</i>
                                             <i>Conopharyngia usambarensis</i>
                                     <i>Cordylogyne</i>
                                             <i>Cordylogyne argillicola</i>
                                     <i>Corollonema</i>
                                     <i>Couma</i>
                                             <i>Couma arenicola</i>
                                             <i>Couma catingae</i>
                                             <i>Couma guianensis</i>
                                             <i>Couma macrocarpa</i>
                                             <i>Couma rigida</i>
                                             <i>Couma utilis</i>
                                     <i>Craterostemma</i>
                                             <i>Craterostemma sudanicum</i>
                                                   [Lindernia sudanica]
                                             <i>Craterostemma syncerus</i>
                                                   [Lindernia syncerus]
                                     <i>Crioceras</i>
                                             <i>Crioceras dipladeniiflorus</i>
                                                   [Crioceras longiflorus]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana dipladeniiflora]
                                     <i>Cryptolepis</i>
                                             <i>Cryptolepis africana</i>
                                                   [Cryptolepis sinensis subsp. africana]
                                             <i>Cryptolepis apiculata</i>
                                             <i>Cryptolepis buchananii</i>
                                             <i>Cryptolepis calophylla</i>
                                                   [Omphalogonus calophyllus]
                                                   [Omphalogonus nigritanus]
                                                   [Parquetina calophylla]
                                             <i>Cryptolepis cryptolepioides</i>
                                                   [Ectadiopsis cryptolepioides]
                                             <i>Cryptolepis decidua</i>
                                                   [Curroria decidua subsp. decidua]
                                                   [Curroria decidua]
                                             <i>Cryptolepis delagoensis</i>
                                             <i>Cryptolepis eburnea</i>
                                                   [Mangenotia eburnea]
                                             <i>Cryptolepis gillettii</i>
                                                   [Curroria decidua subsp. gillettii]
                                             <i>Cryptolepis gossweileri</i>
                                             <i>Cryptolepis hypoglauca</i>
                                             <i>Cryptolepis ibayensis</i>
                                                   [Cryptolepis bifida]
                                             <i>Cryptolepis laurentii</i>
                                             <i>Cryptolepis laxa</i>
                                             <i>Cryptolepis macrophylla</i>
                                                   [Curroria macrophylla]
                                             <i>Cryptolepis microphylla</i>
                                             <i>Cryptolepis migiurtina</i>
                                                   [Curroria migiurtina]
                                             <i>Cryptolepis nigrescens</i>
                                                   [Omphalogonus nigricans]
                                                   [Parquetina gabonica]
                                                   [Parquetina nigrescens]
                                                   [Periploca afzelii]
                                                   [Periploca gabonica]
                                                   [Periploca nigricans]
                                                   [Periploca preussii]
                                                   [Periploca wildemanii]
                                             <i>Cryptolepis nugaalensis</i>
                                             <i>Cryptolepis oblongifolia</i>
                                                   [Cryptolepis angolensis]
                                                   [Cryptolepis brazzaei]
                                                   [Cryptolepis buxifolia]
                                                   [Cryptolepis debeerstii]
                                                   [Cryptolepis elliotii]
                                                   [Cryptolepis hensii]
                                                   [Cryptolepis linearis]
                                                   [Cryptolepis myrtifolia]
                                                   [Cryptolepis nigritana]
                                                   [Cryptolepis scandens]
                                                   [Cryptolepis sizenandii]
                                                   [Cryptolepis suffruticosa]
                                                   [Cryptolepis welwitschii var. luteola]
                                                   [Cryptolepis welwitschii]
                                                   [Ectadiopsis acutifolia]
                                                   [Ectadiopsis buettneri]
                                                   [Ectadiopsis lanceolata]
                                                   [Ectadiopsis myrtifolia]
                                                   [Ectadiopsis nigritana var. congesta]
                                                   [Ectadiopsis nigritana]
                                                   [Ectadiopsis oblongifolia]
                                                   [Ectadiopsis ruspolii]
                                                   [Ectadiopsis scandens]
                                                   [Ectadiopsis suffruticosa]
                                                   [Ectadiopsis welwitschii]
                                                   [Ectadium oblongifolium]
                                                   [Secamone acutifolia]
                                             <i>Cryptolepis obtusa</i>
                                             <i>Cryptolepis orbicularis</i>
                                             <i>Cryptolepis ruspolii</i>
                                             <i>Cryptolepis sanguinolenta</i>
                                                   [Cryptolepis barteri]
                                                   [Cryptolepis triangularis]
                                                   [Strophanthus radcliffei]
                                             <i>Cryptolepis sinensis</i>
                                                   [Cryptolepis elegans]
                                             <i>Cryptolepis somaliensis</i>
                                             <i>Cryptolepis stefaninii</i>
                                             <i>Cryptolepis transvaalensis</i>
                                     <i>Cryptolluma</i>
                                     <i>Cryptostegia</i>
                                             <i>Cryptostegia grandiflora</i>
                                                   [Cryptostegia grandifolia]
                                                   [Nerium grandiflorum]
                                             <i>Cryptostegia madagascariensis</i>
                                     <i>Cufodontia</i>
                                     <i>Curroria</i>
                                     <i>Cyathostelma</i>
                                     <i>Cycladenia</i>
                                             <i>Cycladenia humilis</i>
                                               <i>Cycladenia humilis humilis</i>
                                               <i>Cycladenia humilis var. humilis</i>
                                               <i>Cycladenia humilis var. jonesii</i>
                                                     [Cycladenia humilis var. jonesi]
                                                     [Cycladenia jonesii]
                                               <i>Cycladenia humilis var. tomentosa</i>
                                               <i>Cycladenia humilis var. venusta</i>
                                             <i>Cycladenia tomentosa</i>
                                             <i>Cycladenia venusta</i>
                                     <i>Cyclocotyla</i>
                                             <i>Cyclocotyla congolensis</i>
                                                   [Alafia vermeulenii]
                                                   [Cyclocotyla oligosperma]
                                     <i>Cyclodon</i>
                                             <i>Cyclodon alabamense</i>
                                     <i>Cyclostigma</i>
                                     <i>Cylindropsis</i>
                                             <i>Cylindropsis parvifolia</i>
                                                   [Clitandra parvifolia]
                                                   [Cylindropsis talbotii]
                                     <i>Cynanchum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum abyssinicum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum abyssinicum var. tomentosum]
                                                   [Cynanchum holstii]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum holstii]
                                             <i>Cynanchum acutum</i>
                                               <i>Cynanchum acutum subsp. sibiricum</i>
                                                     [Cynanchum acutum var. longifolium]
                                                     [Cynanchum longifolium]
                                             <i>Cynanchum adalinae</i>
                                               <i>Cynanchum adalinae subsp. adalinae</i>
                                                     [Cynanchum congolense]
                                                     [Vincetoxicum adalinae]
                                               <i>Cynanchum adalinae subsp. mannii</i>
                                                     [Cynanchum dinklagei]
                                                     [Cynanchum mannii]
                                                     [Cynoctonum acuminatum]
                                                     [Vincetoxicum mannii]
                                             <i>Cynanchum africanum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum pilosum]
                                                   [Cynoctonum crassifolium]
                                             <i>Cynanchum albiflorum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum subpaniculatum]
                                             <i>Cynanchum altiscandens</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum mensense]
                                             <i>Cynanchum anegadense</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum angustifolium</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum annularium</i>
                                                   [Holostemma ada-kodien]
                                             <i>Cynanchum arenarium</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum ascyrifolium</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum ascyrifolium]
                                             <i>Cynanchum atratum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum atrovirens</i>
                                                   [Metastelma atrovirens]
                                             <i>Cynanchum auriculatum</i>
                                                   [Endotropis auriculata]
                                             <i>Cynanchum balense</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum barbigerum</i>
                                               <i>Cynanchum barbigerum var. barbigerum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum blandum</i>
                                                   [Rouliniella guianensis]
                                             <i>Cynanchum blodgettii</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum blyttioides</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum boudieri</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum taiwanianum]
                                               <i>Cynanchum boudieri subsp. caudatum</i>
                                                     [Cynanchum maximoviczii]
                                             <i>Cynanchum boveanum</i>
                                                   [Glossonema affine]
                                                   [Glossonema boveanum subsp. boveanum]
                                                   [Glossonema echinatum]
                                                   [Glossonema erlangeri]
                                                   [Glossonema gautieri var. titensis]
                                                   [Glossonema gautieri]
                                                   [Odontanthera boveana]
                                               <i>Cynanchum boveanum subsp. boveanum</i>
                                               <i>Cynanchum boveanum subsp. nubicum</i>
                                                     [Glossonema boveanum subsp. nubicum]
                                                     [Glossonema nubicum]
                                             <i>Cynanchum bungei</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum californicum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum callialata</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum capense</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum carnosum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum carolinense</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum caudatum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum cheesmanii</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum chinense</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum clavidens</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum contiguum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum corymbosum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum crassiantherae</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum cubense</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum cyathiforme</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum racemosum var. cyathiforme]
                                             <i>Cynanchum decaisneanum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum decaisnianum</i>
                                               <i>Cynanchum decaisnianum var. longicoronae</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum ellipticum</i>
                                                   [Bunburia elliptica]
                                             <i>Cynanchum ephedroides</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum erectum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum ethiopicum</i>
                                                   [Pentarrhinum abyssinicum subsp. abyssinicum]
                                               <i>Cynanchum ethiopicum subsp. angolense</i>
                                                     [Pentarrhinum abyssinicum subsp. angolense]
                                                     [Pentarrhinum abyssinicum var. angolense]
                                               <i>Cynanchum ethiopicum subsp. ethiopicum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum eurychitoides</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum falcatum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum floribundum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum foetidum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum fuscatum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum galgalense</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum gerrardii</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum edule]
                                                   [Cynanchum sarcostemmatoides]
                                                   [Sarcocyphula gerrardii]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum sarcostemmoides]
                                               <i>Cynanchum gerrardii subsp. gerrardii</i>
                                               <i>Cynanchum gerrardii subsp. ingae</i>
                                               <i>Cynanchum gerrardii subsp. lenewtonii</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum gilbertii</i>
                                                   [Metalepis prevostiae]
                                             <i>Cynanchum glabrum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum gonoloboides</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum grisebachianum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum guatemalense</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum hastifolium</i>
                                               <i>Cynanchum hastifolium subsp. clavidens</i>
                                                     [Cynanchum clavidens subsp. clavidens]
                                               <i>Cynanchum hastifolium subsp. hastifolium</i>
                                                     [Cynanchum clavidens subsp. hastifolium]
                                                     [Cynanchum macinense]
                                               <i>Cynanchum hastifolium subsp. longirostrum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum hemsleyanum</i>
                                                   [Metaplexis hemsleyana]
                                             <i>Cynanchum heteromorphum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum fraternum]
                                                   [Cynanchum pleianthum]
                                             <i>Cynanchum hirsutum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum insipidum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum insulanum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum jaliscanum</i>
                                                   [Rouliniella jaliscana]
                                             <i>Cynanchum japonicum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum kunthii</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum kuznetzowi</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum laeve</i>
                                                   [Ampelamus albidus]
                                                   [Ampelamus laevis]
                                                   [Gonolobus laevis]
                                             <i>Cynanchum lanhsuense</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum latifolium</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum laxum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum lenewtonii</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum ligulatum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum sinaloense]
                                                   [Mellichampia ligulata]
                                                   [Mellichampia sinaloensis]
                                                   [Roulinia sinaloensis]
                                             <i>Cynanchum lineare</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum longipes</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum louiseae</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum nigrum]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum nigrum]
                                             <i>Cynanchum luteifluens</i>
                                               <i>Cynanchum luteifluens var. luteifluens</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum maccartii</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum palmeri]
                                                   [Metastelma macropoda]
                                                   [Metastelma palmeri]
                                             <i>Cynanchum macranthum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum maritimum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum meyeri</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum miserum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum monense</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum montevidense</i>
                                                   [Roulinia fluminensis]
                                                   [Roulinia tamifolia]
                                             <i>Cynanchum morilloi</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum mossambicense</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum complexum]
                                             <i>Cynanchum mulanjense</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum viminale subsp. mulanjense]
                                                   [Sarcostemma mulanjense]
                                             <i>Cynanchum multiflorum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum natalitium</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum northropiae</i>
                                                   [Metastelma northropiae]
                                             <i>Cynanchum obtusifolium</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum obtusifolium var. pilosum]
                                                   [Cynoctonum brownii]
                                                   [Cynoctonum capense]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum capense]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum obtusifolium]
                                             <i>Cynanchum orangeanum</i>
                                                   [Flanagania orangeana]
                                             <i>Cynanchum oresbium</i>
                                                   [Sarcostemma oresbium]
                                             <i>Cynanchum ovalifolium</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum laeve]
                                             <i>Cynanchum palustre</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum pamirense</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum stellatum]
                                             <i>Cynanchum parviflorum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum pendulum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum peninsulare</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum peraffine</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum perrieri</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum physocarpum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum pichinchense</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum pichisermollianum</i>
                                                   [Glossonema pichi-sermollianum]
                                             <i>Cynanchum polyanthum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum obscurum]
                                                   [Cynanchum welwitschii]
                                                   [Periploca batesii]
                                             <i>Cynanchum praecox</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum pygmaeum]
                                             <i>Cynanchum pringlei</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum barbigerum var. breviflorum]
                                                   [Metastelma pringlei]
                                             <i>Cynanchum pulchellum</i>
                                                   [Raphistemma pulchellum]
                                             <i>Cynanchum racemosum</i>
                                                   [Roulinia jacquinii]
                                                   [Rouliniella columbiana]
                                               <i>Cynanchum racemosum var. racemosum</i>
                                               <i>Cynanchum racemosum var. unifarium</i>
                                                     [Gonolobus unifarius]
                                                     [Vincetoxicum saepimentorum]
                                             <i>Cynanchum radians</i>
                                                   [Asclepias radians]
                                                   [Odontanthera radians]
                                                   [Steinheilia radians]
                                             <i>Cynanchum rensonii</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum racemosum var. rensonii]
                                             <i>Cynanchum resiliens</i>
                                                   [Sarcostemma resiliens]
                                             <i>Cynanchum revoilii</i>
                                                   [Gilgia candida]
                                                   [Glossonema elliotii]
                                                   [Glossonema macrosepalum]
                                                   [Glossonema revoilii]
                                                   [Glossonema rivaei]
                                             <i>Cynanchum riometense</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum rioparanense</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum rossicum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum rostellatum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum roulinioides</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum contrapetalum]
                                             <i>Cynanchum rubricoronae</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum rungweense</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum schistoglossum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum brevidens var. zambesiaca]
                                                   [Cynanchum brevidens]
                                                   [Cynanchum dewevrei]
                                                   [Cynanchum minutiflorum]
                                                   [Cynanchum vagum]
                                             <i>Cynanchum scoparium</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum sibiricum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum socotranum</i>
                                                   [Sarcostemma socotranum]
                                             <i>Cynanchum sodiroi</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum somaliense</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum dentatum]
                                                   [Cynanchum trifurcatum]
                                                   [Schizostephanus somaliense]
                                             <i>Cynanchum stauntonii</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum stepposum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum stoloniferum</i>
                                                   [Sarcostemma stoloniferum]
                                             <i>Cynanchum tenellum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum thesioides</i>
                                                   [Antitoxicum sibiricum]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum sibiricum]
                                             <i>Cynanchum thruppii</i>
                                                   [Glossonema hispidum]
                                                   [Glossonema thruppii]
                                             <i>Cynanchum tomentosum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum trianae</i>
                                                   [Orthosia stenophylla]
                                             <i>Cynanchum tuberculatum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum umtalense</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum unifarium</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum vanlessenii</i>
                                                   [Sarcostemma subterranea]
                                                   [Sarcostemma vanlessenii]
                                             <i>Cynanchum viminale</i>
                                                   [Asclepias aphylla]
                                                   [Asclepias nuda]
                                                   [Cynanchum aphyllum]
                                                   [Cynanchum tetrapterum]
                                                   [Euphorbia viminalis]
                                                   [Sarcostemma andongense]
                                                   [Sarcostemma aphyllum]
                                                   [Sarcostemma tetrapterum]
                                                   [Sarcostemma viminale subsp. viminale]
                                               <i>Cynanchum viminale subsp. australe</i>
                                                     [Sarcostemma australe]
                                                     [Sarcostemma viminale subsp. australe]
                                               <i>Cynanchum viminale subsp. brunonianum</i>
                                                     [Sarcostemma brunonianum]
                                               <i>Cynanchum viminale subsp. crassicaule</i>
                                               <i>Cynanchum viminale subsp. odontolepis</i>
                                                     [Sarcostemma odontolepis]
                                                     [Sarcostemma viminale subsp. odontolepis]
                                               <i>Cynanchum viminale subsp. stipitaceum</i>
                                                     [Sarcostemma stipitaceum]
                                                     [Sarcostemma viminale subsp. stipitaceum]
                                               <i>Cynanchum viminale subsp. stocksii</i>
                                                     [Sarcostemma stocksii]
                                               <i>Cynanchum viminale subsp. suberosum</i>
                                                     [Sarcostemma viminale subsp. suberosum]
                                               <i>Cynanchum viminale subsp. viminale</i>
                                                     [Sarcostemma acidum]
                                               <i>Cynanchum viminale subsp. welwitchii</i>
                                                     [Sarcostemma welwitschii]
                                             <i>Cynanchum vincetoxicum</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum virens</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum viride</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum wigginsii</i>
                                                   [Basistelma angustifolia]
                                                   [Metastelma mexicanum]
                                             <i>Cynanchum wilfordii</i>
                                             <i>Cynanchum zeyheri</i>
                                     <i>Daemia</i>
                                     <i>Dalzielia</i>
                                             <i>Dalzielia oblanceolata</i>
                                                   [Xysmalobium graniticola]
                                     <i>Daturicarpa</i>
                                     <i>Decabelone</i>
                                     <i>Decalepis</i>
                                             <i>Decalepis hamiltonii</i>
                                             <i>Decalepis khasiana</i>
                                                   [Pentanura khasiana]
                                     <i>Decastelma</i>
                                     <i>Desmidorchis</i>
                                             <i>Desmidorchis foetida</i>
                                                   [Caralluma foetida]
                                             <i>Desmidorchis penicillata</i>
                                                   [Boucerosia penicillata]
                                                   [Caralluma penicillata var. penicillata]
                                                   [Caralluma penicillata var. robusta]
                                                   [Caralluma penicillata]
                                                   [Caralluma robusta]
                                                   [Echidnopsis golathii]
                                                   [Echidnopsis penicillata]
                                                   [Golanthia penicillata]
                                             <i>Desmidorchis retrospiciens</i>
                                                   [Boucerosia acutangula]
                                                   [Boucerosia russeliana]
                                                   [Boucerosia tombuctuensis]
                                                   [Caralluma hirtiflora]
                                                   [Caralluma retrospiciens subsp. tombuctuensis]
                                                   [Caralluma retrospiciens var. acutangula]
                                                   [Caralluma retrospiciens var. glabra]
                                                   [Caralluma retrospiciens var. hirtiflora]
                                                   [Caralluma retrospiciens var. laxiflora]
                                                   [Caralluma retrospiciens var. tombuctuensis]
                                                   [Caralluma russeliana]
                                                   [Caralluma tombuctuensis]
                                                   [Desmidorchis acutangula]
                                             <i>Desmidorchis speciosus</i>
                                                   [Caralluma codonoides]
                                                   [Caralluma oxyodonta]
                                                   [Caralluma speciosa]
                                                   [Sarcocodon speciosus]
                                     <i>Dewevrella</i>
                                             <i>Dewevrella cochliostema</i>
                                     <i>Dicentranthera</i>
                                     <i>Dichaelia</i>
                                             <i>Dichaelia forcipata</i>
                                     <i>Dictyanthus</i>
                                             <i>Dictyanthus aeneus</i>
                                                   [Matelea aenea]
                                             <i>Dictyanthus altatensis</i>
                                             <i>Dictyanthus asper</i>
                                                   [Dictyanthus brachistanthus]
                                                   [Gonolobus littoralis]
                                                   [Matelea aspera]
                                                   [Microdactylon cordatum]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum megacarphum]
                                             <i>Dictyanthus ceratopetalus</i>
                                                   [Matelea ceratopetala]
                                             <i>Dictyanthus eximius</i>
                                                   [Matelea eximia]
                                             <i>Dictyanthus hamatus</i>
                                                   [Matelea hamata]
                                             <i>Dictyanthus lautus</i>
                                                   [Matelea lauta]
                                             <i>Dictyanthus parviflorus</i>
                                             <i>Dictyanthus pavonii</i>
                                             <i>Dictyanthus prostratus</i>
                                             <i>Dictyanthus sepicola</i>
                                             <i>Dictyanthus tigrinus</i>
                                                   [Matelea standleyana]
                                             <i>Dictyanthus tuberosus</i>
                                             <i>Dictyanthus yucatanensis</i>
                                                   [Matelea yucatanensis]
                                     <i>Dictyophleba</i>
                                             <i>Dictyophleba leonensis</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus macrophylla]
                                                   [Carpodinus nigerina]
                                             <i>Dictyophleba lucida</i>
                                                   [Landolphia dubrencquiana]
                                                   [Landolphia lucida]
                                                   [Pacouria lucida]
                                             <i>Dictyophleba ochracea</i>
                                                   [Dictyophleba ochracea var. breviflora]
                                                   [Dictyophleba ochracea var. glabrata]
                                                   [Landolphia ochracea var. glabrata]
                                                   [Landolphia ochracea]
                                             <i>Dictyophleba rudens</i>
                                             <i>Dictyophleba setosa</i>
                                             <i>Dictyophleba stipulosa</i>
                                                   [Landolphia stipulosa]
                                     <i>Dipladenia</i>
                                             <i>Dipladenia x amabilis</i>
                                                   [Mandevilla x amabilis]
                                     <i>Diplolepis</i>
                                             <i>Diplolepis boerhaviifolia</i>
                                             <i>Diplolepis geminiflora</i>
                                             <i>Diplolepis hieronymi</i>
                                             <i>Diplolepis menziesii</i>
                                             <i>Diplolepis nummulariifolia</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum nummulariifolium]
                                     <i>Diplorhynchus</i>
                                             <i>Diplorhynchus condylocarpon</i>
                                                   [Aspidosperma condylocarpon]
                                                   [Diplorhynchus angolensis]
                                                   [Diplorhynchus angustifolia]
                                                   [Diplorhynchus condylocarpon f. angustifolius]
                                                   [Diplorhynchus condylocarpon f. microphylla]
                                                   [Diplorhynchus condylocarpon subsp. angolensis]
                                                   [Diplorhynchus condylocarpon subsp. mossambicensis]
                                                   [Diplorhynchus condylocarpon var. psilopus]
                                                   [Diplorhynchus mossambicensis]
                                                   [Diplorhynchus poggei]
                                                   [Diplorhynchus psilopus]
                                     <i>Diplostigma</i>
                                     <i>Dischidia</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia acuminata</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia acutifolia</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia albida</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia bengalensis</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia calva</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia chinensis</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia cleistantha</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia cornuta</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia diphylla</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia dohtii</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia dolichantha</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia formosana</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia fruticulosa</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia hahliana</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia hirsuta</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia imbricata</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia lanceolata</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia lancifolia</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia litoralis</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia luzonica</i>
                                                   [Dischidiopsis luzonica]
                                             <i>Dischidia major</i>
                                                   [Dischidia rafflesiana]
                                             <i>Dischidia merrillii</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia milnei</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia nummularia</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia oiantha</i>
                                                   [Dischidia irosinensis]
                                             <i>Dischidia ovata</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia parasitica</i>
                                                   [Dischidiopsis parasitica]
                                             <i>Dischidia puberula</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia purpurea</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia rosea</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia ruscifolia</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia sagittata</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia scortechinii</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia striata</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia superba</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia tonkinensis</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia tonsa</i>
                                             <i>Dischidia truncata</i>
                                     <i>Ditassa</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa albonerva</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa angustifolia</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa anomala</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa aquicymosa</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa banksii</i>
                                                   [Ditassa umbellata]
                                             <i>Ditassa bonariensis</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa burchellii</i>
                                               <i>Ditassa burchellii var. vestita</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa capillaris</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa caucana</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa crassa</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa crassifolia</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa decussata</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa edmundoi</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa endoleuca</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa eximia</i>
                                                   [Ditassa apiculata]
                                             <i>Ditassa fasciculata</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa glaziovii</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa hastata</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa hispida</i>
                                                   [Ditassa consanguinea]
                                                   [Ditassa fulva]
                                                   [Ditassa rufescens]
                                             <i>Ditassa hoehnei</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa lanceolata</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa longiloba</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa nigrescens</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum tatei]
                                                   [Ditassa tatei]
                                             <i>Ditassa obcordata</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa oxypetala</i>
                                                   [Ditassa megapotamica]
                                             <i>Ditassa oxyphylla</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa peruviana</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa pohliana</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa racemosa</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa retusa</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa taxifolia</i>
                                             <i>Ditassa tomentosa</i>
                                     <i>Doemia</i>
                                     <i>Domkeocarpa</i>
                                     <i>Dorystephania</i>
                                     <i>Drakebrockmania</i>
                                     <i>Dramsenia</i>
                                     <i>Dregea</i>
                                             <i>Dregea floribunda</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia dregea]
                                                   [Pterophora dregea]
                                     <i>Duvalia</i>
                                             <i>Duvalia eilensis</i>
                                             <i>Duvalia galgallensis</i>
                                             <i>Duvalia polita</i>
                                                   [Duvalia polita var. parviflora]
                                                   [Duvalia polita var. transvaalensis]
                                                   [Duvalia transvaalensis var. parviflora]
                                                   [Duvalia transvaalensis]
                                             <i>Duvalia sulcata</i>
                                               <i>Duvalia sulcata subsp. seminuda</i>
                                                     [Duvalia sulcata var. seminuda]
                                               <i>Duvalia sulcata subsp. somalensis</i>
                                                     [Duvalia somalensis]
                                               <i>Duvalia sulcata subsp. sudanensis</i>
                                               <i>Duvalia sulcata subsp. sulcata</i>
                                     <i>Dyera</i>
                                             <i>Dyera costulata</i>
                                     <i>Ecdysanthera</i>
                                     <i>Echidnopsis</i>
                                             <i>Echidnopsis angustiloba</i>
                                             <i>Echidnopsis archeri</i>
                                                   [Echidnopsis similis]
                                             <i>Echidnopsis ballyi</i>
                                                   [Stapeliopsis ballyi]
                                             <i>Echidnopsis bihendulensis</i>
                                             <i>Echidnopsis cereiformis</i>
                                                   [Apteranthes tessellata]
                                                   [Boucerosia cylindrica]
                                             <i>Echidnopsis chrysantha</i>
                                               <i>Echidnopsis chrysantha subsp. chrysantha</i>
                                               <i>Echidnopsis chrysantha subsp. filipes</i>
                                                     [Echidnopsis chrysantha var. filipes]
                                             <i>Echidnopsis ciliata</i>
                                                   [Echidnopsis sharpei subsp. ciliata]
                                             <i>Echidnopsis dammanniana</i>
                                                   [Echidnopsis somalensis]
                                             <i>Echidnopsis ericiflora</i>
                                             <i>Echidnopsis flavicorona</i>
                                             <i>Echidnopsis hirsuta</i>
                                             <i>Echidnopsis jacksonii</i>
                                             <i>Echidnopsis kohaioensis</i>
                                             <i>Echidnopsis leachii</i>
                                                   [Echidnopsis oviflora]
                                             <i>Echidnopsis malum</i>
                                                   [Pseudopectinaria malum]
                                             <i>Echidnopsis mijerteina</i>
                                                   [Echidnopsis mijerteina var. marchandii]
                                             <i>Echidnopsis montana</i>
                                                   [Caralluma montana]
                                             <i>Echidnopsis nubica</i>
                                             <i>Echidnopsis planiflora</i>
                                             <i>Echidnopsis plowesiana</i>
                                             <i>Echidnopsis radians</i>
                                                   [Echidnopsis modesta]
                                             <i>Echidnopsis repens</i>
                                                   [Echidnopsis sharpei subsp. repens]
                                             <i>Echidnopsis rubrolutea</i>
                                             <i>Echidnopsis scutellata</i>
                                               <i>Echidnopsis scutellata subsp. australis</i>
                                                     [Echidnopsis mariae]
                                               <i>Echidnopsis scutellata subsp. scutellata</i>
                                             <i>Echidnopsis sharpei</i>
                                                   [Echidnopsis lavraniana]
                                               <i>Echidnopsis sharpei subsp. bavazzanoi</i>
                                                     [Echidnopsis bavazzanoi]
                                               <i>Echidnopsis sharpei subsp. sharpei</i>
                                             <i>Echidnopsis thulinii</i>
                                             <i>Echidnopsis uraiqatiana</i>
                                             <i>Echidnopsis urceolata</i>
                                                   [Echidnopsis specksii]
                                             <i>Echidnopsis virchowii</i>
                                                   [Echidnopsis stellata]
                                                   [Echidnopsis virchowii var. stellata]
                                             <i>Echidnopsis watsonii</i>
                                     <i>Echites</i>
                                             <i>Echites agglutinata</i>
                                             <i>Echites angustifolius</i>
                                             <i>Echites asperoglottis</i>
                                             <i>Echites brachysiphon</i>
                                             <i>Echites caryophyllatus</i>
                                             <i>Echites difformis</i>
                                             <i>Echites echites</i>
                                             <i>Echites macrosiphon</i>
                                             <i>Echites puntarenensis</i>
                                                   [Prestonia caudata]
                                             <i>Echites speciosissimus</i>
                                                   [Fernaldia speciosissima]
                                             <i>Echites tubiflora</i>
                                             <i>Echites turbinatus</i>
                                                   [Allotoonia turbinata]
                                             <i>Echites turriger</i>
                                             <i>Echites turrigera</i>
                                             <i>Echites tuxtlensis</i>
                                                   [Allotoonia tuxtlensis]
                                             <i>Echites umbellatus</i>
                                                   [Echites crassipes]
                                                   [Echites obliquus]
                                                   [Echites umbellata]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana echites]
                                             <i>Echites woodsoniana</i>
                                                   [Prestonia woodsoniana]
                                             <i>Echites woodsonianus</i>
                                                   [Allotoonia woodsoniana]
                                             <i>Echites yucatanensis</i>
                                                   [Echites elegantulus]
                                     <i>Ecliptostelma</i>
                                             <i>Ecliptostelma molle</i>
                                     <i>Ectadiopsis</i>
                                             <i>Ectadiopsis producta</i>
                                                   [Cryptolepis baumii]
                                                   [Cryptolepis producta]
                                     <i>Ectadium</i>
                                     <i>Ectinocladus</i>
                                     <i>Edisonia</i>
                                             <i>Edisonia pubiflora</i>
                                     <i>Edithcolea</i>
                                             <i>Edithcolea grandis</i>
                                                   [Edithcolea grandis var. baylissiana]
                                                   [Edithcolea sordida]
                                     <i>Elytropus</i>
                                             <i>Elytropus chilensis</i>
                                     <i>Enslenia</i>
                                     <i>Ephippiocarpa</i>
                                             <i>Ephippiocarpa humilis</i>
                                                   [Conopharyngia humilis]
                                     <i>Epicion</i>
                                             <i>Epicion northropiae</i>
                                     <i>Epigynum</i>
                                             <i>Epigynum chinensis</i>
                                             <i>Epigynum griffithianum</i>
                                                   [Epigynum maingayi]
                                     <i>Epistemma</i>
                                             <i>Epistemma assianum</i>
                                             <i>Epistemma decurrens</i>
                                             <i>Epistemma neuerburgii</i>
                                             <i>Epistemma rupestre</i>
                                     <i>Ervatamia</i>
                                             <i>Ervatamia obtusiuscula</i>
                                             <i>Ervatamia orientalis</i>
                                             <i>Ervatamia polyneura</i>
                                             <i>Ervatamia pubescens</i>
                                     <i>Eustegia</i>
                                             <i>Eustegia filiformis</i>
                                                   [Eustegia lonchitis]
                                     <i>Excavatia</i>
                                             <i>Excavatia vitiensis</i>
                                     <i>Exolobus</i>
                                     <i>Farquharia</i>
                                             <i>Farquharia elliptica</i>
                                                   [Aladenia jasminiflora]
                                                   [Alafia jasminiflora]
                                                   [Alafia mirabilis]
                                                   [Alafia velutina]
                                                   [Holalafia jasminiflora]
                                     <i>Fernaldia</i>
                                             <i>Fernaldia asperoglottis</i>
                                             <i>Fernaldia brachypharynx</i>
                                             <i>Fernaldia glabra</i>
                                             <i>Fernaldia pandurata</i>
                                                   [Echites panduratus]
                                                   [Echites pinguifolius]
                                                   [Mandevilla potosina]
                                     <i>Fischeria</i>
                                             <i>Fischeria aequatorialis</i>
                                             <i>Fischeria billbergiana</i>
                                             <i>Fischeria blepharopetala</i>
                                             <i>Fischeria brachycalyx</i>
                                             <i>Fischeria columbiana</i>
                                             <i>Fischeria crispiflora</i>
                                             <i>Fischeria funebris</i>
                                             <i>Fischeria martiana</i>
                                             <i>Fischeria panamensis</i>
                                             <i>Fischeria scandens</i>
                                                   [Fischeria alata]
                                                   [Fischeria briquetiana]
                                                   [Fischeria havanensis]
                                                   [Fischeria oaxacana]
                                             <i>Fischeria stellata</i>
                                                   [Fischeria calycina]
                                                   [Gonolobus martianus]
                                     <i>Flanagania</i>
                                     <i>Fockea</i>
                                             <i>Fockea angustifolia</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum omissum]
                                                   [Fockea mildbraedii]
                                             <i>Fockea capensis</i>
                                                   [Fockea crispa]
                                             <i>Fockea cylindrica</i>
                                             <i>Fockea edulis</i>
                                             <i>Fockea multiflora</i>
                                                   [Fockea schinzii]
                                     <i>Folotsia</i>
                                             <i>Folotsia grandiflora</i>
                                     <i>Forsteronia</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia acouci</i>
                                                   [Forsteronia benthamiana]
                                             <i>Forsteronia affinis</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia amblybasis</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia australis</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia chiriquensis</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia corymbosa</i>
                                                   [Forsteronia portoricensis]
                                             <i>Forsteronia duckei</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia elachista</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia glabrescens</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia gracilis</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia graciloides</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia guyanensis</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia laurifolia</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia leptocarpa</i>
                                                   [Forsteronia brasiliensis]
                                             <i>Forsteronia mollis</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia montana</i>
                                                   [Forsteronia sellowii]
                                             <i>Forsteronia myriantha</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia pubescens</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia refracta</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia rufa</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia schomburgkii</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia spicata</i>
                                                   [Forsteronia corylifolia]
                                                   [Thyrsanthus corylifolius]
                                             <i>Forsteronia subcordata</i>
                                             <i>Forsteronia thyrsoidea</i>
                                                   [Forsteronia multinervia]
                                                   [Forsteronia obscura]
                                                   [Forsteronia thyrsoidea var. glabriuscula]
                                             <i>Forsteronia velloziana</i>
                                                   [Forsteronia microphylla]
                                             <i>Forsteronia viridescens</i>
                                     <i>Frerea</i>
                                             <i>Frerea indica</i>
                                     <i>Funastrum</i>
                                             <i>Funastrum angustifolium</i>
                                             <i>Funastrum angustissimum</i>
                                                   [Sarcostemma angustissimum]
                                             <i>Funastrum arenarium</i>
                                                   [Sarcostemma arenarium]
                                             <i>Funastrum bilobum</i>
                                                   [Philibertella filipes]
                                                   [Sarcostemma bilobum subsp. bilobum]
                                                   [Sarcostemma bilobum]
                                             <i>Funastrum clausum</i>
                                                   [Apocynum proliferum]
                                                   [Asclepias clausa]
                                                   [Cynanchum mexicanum]
                                                   [Funastrum crassifolium]
                                                   [Funastrum cumanense]
                                                   [Funastrum dombeyanum]
                                                   [Funastrum fragile]
                                                   [Funastrum riparium]
                                                   [Funastrum seibertii]
                                                   [Philibertella clausa]
                                                   [Philibertella cumanensis]
                                                   [Philibertia clausa]
                                                   [Philibertia crassifolia]
                                                   [Philibertia viminalis]
                                                   [Sarcostemma bonariense]
                                                   [Sarcostemma brownii]
                                                   [Sarcostemma clausum]
                                                   [Sarcostemma crassifolium]
                                                   [Sarcostemma cumanense]
                                                   [Sarcostemma lineare]
                                             <i>Funastrum crispum</i>
                                                   [Philibertia undulata]
                                                   [Sarcostemma crispum]
                                                   [Sarcostemma lobata]
                                                   [Sarcostemma lobatum]
                                                   [Sarcostemma undulatum]
                                             <i>Funastrum cynanchoides</i>
                                                   [Funastrum cynanchoides subsp. cynanchoides]
                                                   [Funastrum cynanchoides var. cynanchoides]
                                                   [Funastrum cynanchoides var. subtruncatum]
                                                   [Philibertella cynanchoides]
                                                   [Philibertia cynanchoides]
                                                   [Sarcostemma cynanchoides subsp. cynanchoides]
                                                   [Sarcostemma cynanchoides var. cynanchoides]
                                                   [Sarcostemma cynanchoides]
                                                   [Sarcostemma texanum]
                                             <i>Funastrum elegans</i>
                                                   [Funastrum bicolor]
                                                   [Philibertia bicolor]
                                                   [Philibertia elegans]
                                                   [Sarcostemma bicolor]
                                                   [Sarcostemma elegans]
                                             <i>Funastrum ervendbergii</i>
                                                   [Philibertia ervendbergii]
                                             <i>Funastrum flavum</i>
                                                   [Sarcostemma flavum]
                                             <i>Funastrum glaucum</i>
                                                   [Funastrum ovalifolium]
                                                   [Philibertella ovalifolia]
                                                   [Sarcostemma glaucum]
                                             <i>Funastrum gracile</i>
                                                   [Sarcostemma carpophylloides]
                                                   [Sarcostemma gracile]
                                             <i>Funastrum heterophyllum</i>
                                                   [Funastrum cynanchoides subsp. heterophyllum]
                                                   [Funastrum cynanchoides var. hartwegii]
                                                   [Funastrum hartwegii]
                                                   [Funastrum lineare]
                                                   [Philibertia heterophylla]
                                                   [Sarcostemma cynanchoides subsp. hartwegii]
                                                   [Sarcostemma cynanchoides var. hartwegii]
                                                   [Sarcostemma heterophyllum]
                                             <i>Funastrum hirtellum</i>
                                                   [Philibertia hirtella]
                                                   [Sarcostemma heterophyllum var. hirtellum]
                                                   [Sarcostemma hirtellum]
                                             <i>Funastrum lindenianum</i>
                                                   [Sarcostemma bilobum subsp. lindenianum]
                                                   [Sarcostemma lindenianum]
                                             <i>Funastrum odoratum</i>
                                                   [Sarcostemma odoratum]
                                             <i>Funastrum pannosum</i>
                                                   [Sarcostemma pannosum]
                                                   [Sarcostemma rotundifolium]
                                             <i>Funastrum refractum</i>
                                                   [Sarcostemma refractum]
                                             <i>Funastrum torreyi</i>
                                                   [Philibertia torreyi]
                                                   [Sarcostemma torreyi]
                                             <i>Funastrum utahense</i>
                                                   [Astephanus utahense]
                                                   [Astephanus utahensis]
                                                   [Cynanchum utahense]
                                     <i>Funtumia</i>
                                             <i>Funtumia africana</i>
                                                   [Kickxia africana]
                                                   [Kickxia congolana]
                                                   [Kickxia gilletii]
                                                   [Kickxia latifolia]
                                                   [Kickxia scheffleri]
                                                   [Kickxia zenkeri]
                                                   [Kixia africana]
                                             <i>Funtumia elastica</i>
                                                   [Kickxia elastica]
                                             <i>Funtumia latifolia</i>
                                     <i>Gabunia</i>
                                     <i>Galactophora</i>
                                             <i>Galactophora colellana</i>
                                             <i>Galactophora crassifolia</i>
                                             <i>Galactophora pulchella</i>
                                             <i>Galactophora pumila</i>
                                             <i>Galactophora schomburgkiana</i>
                                     <i>Geissospermum</i>
                                             <i>Geissospermum argenteum</i>
                                             <i>Geissospermum excelsum</i>
                                             <i>Geissospermum laeve</i>
                                             <i>Geissospermum reticulatum</i>
                                             <i>Geissospermum sericeum</i>
                                     <i>Gilgia</i>
                                     <i>Glossonema</i>
                                             <i>Glossonema boveanum</i>
                                     <i>Golanthia</i>
                                     <i>Gomphocarpus</i>
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus abyssinicus</i>
                                                   [Asclepias abyssinica]
                                                   [Asclepias euphorbioides]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus cancellatus</i>
                                                   [Asclepias arborescens]
                                                   [Asclepias pubescens]
                                                   [Asclepias rotundifolia]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus arborescens]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus filiformis</i>
                                                   [Asclepias buchenaviana]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus fruticosus</i>
                                                   [Asclepias virgata]
                                               <i>Gomphocarpus fruticosus subsp. decipiens</i>
                                                     [Asclepias decipiens]
                                               <i>Gomphocarpus fruticosus subsp. flavidus</i>
                                                     [Asclepias flavida]
                                               <i>Gomphocarpus fruticosus subsp. fruticosus</i>
                                                     [Asclepias crassifolia]
                                                     [Asclepias crinita]
                                                     [Gomphocarpus cornutus]
                                                     [Gomphocarpus crinitus]
                                                     [Gomphocarpus frutescens]
                                                     [Gomphocarpus verticillatus]
                                               <i>Gomphocarpus fruticosus subsp. rostratus</i>
                                                     [Asclepias rostrata]
                                                     [Gomphocarpus rostratus]
                                               <i>Gomphocarpus fruticosus subsp. setosus</i>
                                                     [Gomphocarpus setosus]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus fruticous</i>
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus glaucophyllus</i>
                                                   [Asclepias glaucophylla]
                                                   [Asclepias lilacina]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus integer</i>
                                                   [Asclepias integra]
                                                   [Asclepias litocarpa]
                                                   [Asclepias negrii]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus kaessneri</i>
                                                   [Asclepias kaessneri]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus munonquensis</i>
                                                   [Asclepias munonquensis]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus phillipsiae</i>
                                                   [Asclepias fruticosa var. angustissima]
                                                   [Asclepias phillipsiae]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus fruticosus var. angustissimus]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus praticola</i>
                                                   [Asclepias friesii]
                                                   [Asclepias friessii]
                                                   [Asclepias moorei]
                                                   [Asclepias praticola]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus purpurascens</i>
                                                   [Asclepias pubiseta]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus fruticosus var. purpureus]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus rivularis</i>
                                                   [Asclepias rivularis]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus semiamplectens</i>
                                                   [Asclepias semiamplectens]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus semilunatus</i>
                                                   [Asclepias denticulata]
                                                   [Asclepias semilunata]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus sinaicus</i>
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus stenophyllus</i>
                                                   [Asclepias leucocarpa]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus stolzianus</i>
                                                   [Asclepias stolzianus]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus swynnertonii</i>
                                                   [Asclepias nyikana]
                                                   [Asclepias swynnertonii]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus tenuifolius</i>
                                                   [Asclepias rhodesica]
                                                   [Asclepias tenuifolia]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus tomentosus</i>
                                               <i>Gomphocarpus tomentosus subsp. frederici</i>
                                                     [Asclepias frederici]
                                               <i>Gomphocarpus tomentosus subsp. tomentosus</i>
                                                     [Asclepias burchellii]
                                                     [Asclepias lanata]
                                                     [Asclepias nutans]
                                                     [Gomphocarpus fruticosus var. tomentosus]
                                                     [Gomphocarpus lanatus]
                                                     [Gomphocarpus nutans]
                                             <i>Gomphocarpus × frederici</i>
                                     <i>Gonioma</i>
                                             <i>Gonioma kamassi</i>
                                     <i>Gonolobus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus acuminatus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus albiflorus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus albomarginatus</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus allenii]
                                             <i>Gonolobus aloiensis</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus ancorifer</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus ancoriferus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus aristolochiifolius</i>
                                                   [Fischeria aristolochiifolia]
                                                   [Gonolobus steyermarkii]
                                             <i>Gonolobus arizonicus</i>
                                                   [Lachnostoma arizonicum]
                                                   [Matelea arizonica]
                                             <i>Gonolobus asper</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus asterias</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus atratus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus baldwynianus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus barbatus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus bifidus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus breedlovei</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus calycosus</i>
                                                   [Fimbristemma calycosa]
                                             <i>Gonolobus caudatus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus chiapensis</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum chiapense]
                                             <i>Gonolobus chihuahuensis</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus chiriquensis</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum chiriquense]
                                             <i>Gonolobus chloranthus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus chrysanthus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus cteniophorus</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum lundellii]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum tortum]
                                             <i>Gonolobus cuajayote</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus cubensis</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus cynanchoides</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus dasystephanus</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus donnellsmithianus]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum dasystephanum]
                                             <i>Gonolobus denticulatus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus dussii</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus edulis</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus monnicheanus]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum edule]
                                             <i>Gonolobus erianthus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus exannulatus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus fimbriatiflorus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus fraternus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus fuscoviolaceus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus fuscus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus glaberrimus</i>
                                                   [Matelea tikalana]
                                             <i>Gonolobus gonoloboides</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus grandiflorus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus grayumii</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus heterophyllus</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus rothschuhii]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum rothschuhii]
                                             <i>Gonolobus inaequalis</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus incerianus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus iyanolensis</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus jaliscensis</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus lanugiflorus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus lasiostemma</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus lasiostomus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus leianthus</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum schippii]
                                             <i>Gonolobus lewisii</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus luridus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus luteolus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus macranthus</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum propinquum]
                                             <i>Gonolobus macrophyllus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus martinicensis</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus scandens]
                                             <i>Gonolobus naturalistae</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus nemorosus</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum nemorosum]
                                             <i>Gonolobus niger</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus obliquus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus ophioglossa</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus parviflorus</i>
                                               <i>Gonolobus parviflorus var. brevicoronatus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus pectinatus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus peruanus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus pilosus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus prostratus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus reticulatus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus riparius</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus roeanus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus rostratus</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum rostratum]
                                                   [Exolobus patens]
                                                   [Gonolobus patens]
                                             <i>Gonolobus sagittifolius</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus salvinii</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus longipetiolatus]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum salvinii]
                                             <i>Gonolobus sandersii</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus selloanus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus shortii</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus sintenisii</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus sororius</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus stenanthus</i>
                                               <i>Gonolobus stenanthus subsp. stenanthus</i>
                                                     [Vincetoxicum stenanthum]
                                               <i>Gonolobus stenanthus subsp. yucatanensis</i>
                                                     [Gonolobus yucatanensis]
                                             <i>Gonolobus stenopetalus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus stenosepalus</i>
                                                   [Fimbristemma stenosepala]
                                             <i>Gonolobus stephanotrichus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus stramineus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus suberosus</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus gonocarpos]
                                                   [Matelea gonocarpa]
                                                   [Matelea gonocarpos]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum gonocarpos]
                                               <i>Gonolobus suberosus var. granulatus</i>
                                                     [Gonolobus granulatus]
                                               <i>Gonolobus suberosus var. suberosus</i>
                                                     [Matelea suberosa]
                                                     [Matelea suberosus]
                                                     [Vincetoxicum suberosum]
                                             <i>Gonolobus taylorianus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus tenuisepalus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus tingens</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus tobagensis</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus truncatifolius</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus uniflorus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus ustulatus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus variabilis</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus versicolor</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus virescens</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus volcanicus</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus waitukubuliensis</i>
                                             <i>Gonolobus xanthotrichus</i>
                                                   [Trichostelma ciliatum]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum xanthotrichum]
                                             <i>Gonolobus youroumaynensis</i>
                                     <i>Gonostemon</i>
                                             <i>Gonostemon gettliffei</i>
                                                   [Stapelia gettleffii]
                                     <i>Gothofreda</i>
                                             <i>Gothofreda andina</i>
                                     <i>Goydera</i>
                                     <i>Guerkea</i>
                                     <i>Gymnanthera</i>
                                             <i>Gymnanthera oblonga</i>
                                                   [Gymnanthera nitida]
                                     <i>Gymnema</i>
                                             <i>Gymnema acuminatum</i>
                                             <i>Gymnema affine</i>
                                             <i>Gymnema alterniflorum</i>
                                             <i>Gymnema mohanramii</i>
                                                   [Gymnema hirsutum]
                                             <i>Gymnema sylvestre</i>
                                                   [Asclepias geminata]
                                                   [Cynanchum lanceolatum]
                                                   [Cynanchum subvolubile]
                                                   [Gymnema humile]
                                                   [Gymnema subvolubile]
                                                   [Marsdenia sylvestris]
                                                   [Periploca sylvestris]
                                             <i>Gymnema tingens</i>
                                     <i>Gymnolaema</i>
                                     <i>Haemadictyon</i>
                                             <i>Haemadictyon contortum</i>
                                     <i>Hancornia</i>
                                             <i>Hancornia speciosa</i>
                                     <i>Haplophyton</i>
                                             <i>Haplophyton cimicidum</i>
                                               <i>Haplophyton cimicidum var. cimicidum</i>
                                               <i>Haplophyton cimicidum var. crooksii</i>
                                                     [Haplophyton crooksii]
                                             <i>Haplophyton cinereum</i>
                                     <i>Hedranthera</i>
                                     <i>Hemidesmus</i>
                                             <i>Hemidesmus indicus</i>
                                                   [Cosmostigma cordatum]
                                     <i>Hemipogon</i>
                                             <i>Hemipogon acerosus</i>
                                             <i>Hemipogon luteus</i>
                                             <i>Hemipogon sprucei</i>
                                     <i>Heterostemma</i>
                                             <i>Heterostemma alatum</i>
                                             <i>Heterostemma oblongifolium</i>
                                             <i>Heterostemma piperifolium</i>
                                     <i>Heterothrix</i>
                                     <i>Himantostemma</i>
                                     <i>Himatanthus</i>
                                             <i>Himatanthus articulata</i>
                                             <i>Himatanthus articulatus</i>
                                                   [Plumeria microcalyx]
                                             <i>Himatanthus attenuatus</i>
                                                   [Plumeria attenuata]
                                             <i>Himatanthus bracteatus</i>
                                                   [Plumeria bracteata]
                                             <i>Himatanthus drasticus</i>
                                                   [Himatanthus fallax]
                                             <i>Himatanthus lancifolius</i>
                                             <i>Himatanthus obovatus</i>
                                             <i>Himatanthus phagedaenicus</i>
                                             <i>Himatanthus semilunatus</i>
                                             <i>Himatanthus sucuuba</i>
                                                   [Plumeria sucuuba]
                                             <i>Himatanthus tarapotensis</i>
                                                   [Plumeria tarapotensis]
                                     <i>Holalafia</i>
                                     <i>Holarrhena</i>
                                             <i>Holarrhena antidysenterica</i>
                                             <i>Holarrhena curtisii</i>
                                             <i>Holarrhena febrifuga</i>
                                             <i>Holarrhena floribunda</i>
                                                   [Holarrhena congolensis]
                                               <i>Holarrhena floribunda var. floribunda</i>
                                               <i>Holarrhena floribunda var. tomentella</i>
                                                     [Holarrhena ovata]
                                             <i>Holarrhena mitis</i>
                                             <i>Holarrhena pubescens</i>
                                                   [Echites pubescens]
                                                   [Holarrhena fischeri]
                                                   [Holarrhena glaberrima]
                                                   [Holarrhena glabra]
                                                   [Holarrhena tettensis]
                                             <i>Holarrhena wulfsbergii</i>
                                     <i>Holostemma</i>
                                             <i>Holostemma rheedei</i>
                                     <i>Hoodia</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia alstonii</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia annulata</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia bainii</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia cactiformis</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia colei</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia coleorum</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia currorii</i>
                                               <i>Hoodia currorii subsp. currorii</i>
                                                     [Adenium namaquarium]
                                                     [Hoodia currorii var. minor]
                                                     [Scytanthus currorii]
                                               <i>Hoodia currorii subsp. lugardii</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia delaetiana</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia delaetianum</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia dregei</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia felina</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia feline</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia flava</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia gibbosa</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia gordonii</i>
                                                   [Hoodia dinteri]
                                                   [Hoodia husabensis]
                                                   [Hoodia langii]
                                                   [Hoodia rosea]
                                                   [Hoodia whitesloaneana]
                                             <i>Hoodia grandis</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia haagnerae</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia juttae</i>
                                                   [Hoodia bainii var. juttae]
                                             <i>Hoodia longispina</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia lugardi</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia lugardii</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia macrantha</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia marlothii</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia meloformis</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia montana</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia mossamedensis</i>
                                                   [Trichocaulon mossamedense]
                                             <i>Hoodia officinalis</i>
                                               <i>Hoodia officinalis subsp. delaetiana</i>
                                               <i>Hoodia officinalis subsp. officinalis</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia parviflora</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia pedicellata</i>
                                                   [Trichocaulon pedicellatum]
                                             <i>Hoodia perlata</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia picta</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia pilifera</i>
                                               <i>Hoodia pilifera subsp. annulata</i>
                                               <i>Hoodia pilifera subsp. pilifera</i>
                                               <i>Hoodia pilifera subsp. pillansii</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia ruschii</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia rustica</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia similis</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia tirasmontana</i>
                                             <i>Hoodia triebneri</i>
                                                   [Hoodia foetida]
                                     <i>Hoodiopsis</i>
                                             <i>Hoodiopsis triebneri</i>
                                     <i>Hoya</i>
                                             <i>Hoya apoensis</i>
                                             <i>Hoya archboldiana</i>
                                             <i>Hoya australis</i>
                                             <i>Hoya betchei</i>
                                             <i>Hoya burtoniae</i>
                                             <i>Hoya carnosa</i>
                                             <i>Hoya caudata</i>
                                             <i>Hoya commutata</i>
                                             <i>Hoya cumingiana</i>
                                             <i>Hoya darwinii</i>
                                             <i>Hoya diversifolia</i>
                                             <i>Hoya edeni</i>
                                             <i>Hoya elmeri</i>
                                             <i>Hoya fusca</i>
                                             <i>Hoya imbricata</i>
                                             <i>Hoya imperialis</i>
                                             <i>Hoya incrassata</i>
                                             <i>Hoya kerrii</i>
                                             <i>Hoya keysii</i>
                                             <i>Hoya klossii</i>
                                             <i>Hoya lacunosa</i>
                                             <i>Hoya lanceolata</i>
                                               <i>Hoya lanceolata subsp. bella</i>
                                                     [Hoya bella]
                                             <i>Hoya latifolia</i>
                                             <i>Hoya linearis</i>
                                                   [Hoya linearis var. sikkimensis]
                                             <i>Hoya longifolia</i>
                                             <i>Hoya macgillivrayi</i>
                                             <i>Hoya manipurensis</i>
                                                   [Dischidia obcordata]
                                             <i>Hoya micrantha</i>
                                             <i>Hoya multiflora</i>
                                             <i>Hoya nicholsoniae</i>
                                                   [Hoya samoensis]
                                             <i>Hoya odorata</i>
                                             <i>Hoya parasitica</i>
                                             <i>Hoya parviflora</i>
                                             <i>Hoya pentaphlebia</i>
                                             <i>Hoya pottsii</i>
                                             <i>Hoya pubicalyx</i>
                                             <i>Hoya purpureo-fusca</i>
                                             <i>Hoya revoluta</i>
                                             <i>Hoya rizaliana</i>
                                             <i>Hoya tsangii</i>
                                             <i>Hoya verticillata</i>
                                                   [Hoya ridleyi]
                                               <i>Hoya verticillata var. citrina</i>
                                                     [Hoya citrina]
                                     <i>Huernia</i>
                                             <i>Huernia andreaeana</i>
                                                   [Duvalia andreaeana]
                                             <i>Huernia archeri</i>
                                             <i>Huernia aspera</i>
                                             <i>Huernia boleana</i>
                                             <i>Huernia campanulata</i>
                                                   [Stapelia campanulata]
                                             <i>Huernia cashelensis</i>
                                             <i>Huernia concinna</i>
                                             <i>Huernia delicata</i>
                                             <i>Huernia distincta</i>
                                             <i>Huernia engleri</i>
                                             <i>Huernia erectiloba</i>
                                             <i>Huernia erinacea</i>
                                             <i>Huernia formosa</i>
                                             <i>Huernia hislopii</i>
                                             <i>Huernia humpatana</i>
                                             <i>Huernia hystrix</i>
                                               <i>Huernia hystrix subsp. hystrix</i>
                                                     [Huernia appendiculata]
                                                     [Huernia hystrix var. appendiculata]
                                             <i>Huernia keniensis</i>
                                               <i>Huernia keniensis var. globosa</i>
                                               <i>Huernia keniensis var. grandiflora</i>
                                               <i>Huernia keniensis var. keniensis</i>
                                               <i>Huernia keniensis var. molonyae</i>
                                               <i>Huernia keniensis var. nairobiensis</i>
                                               <i>Huernia keniensis var. quintitia</i>
                                             <i>Huernia kirkii</i>
                                                   [Huernia bicampanulata]
                                             <i>Huernia lavranii</i>
                                             <i>Huernia leachii</i>
                                             <i>Huernia lenewtonii</i>
                                             <i>Huernia levyi</i>
                                             <i>Huernia longituba</i>
                                             <i>Huernia lopanthera</i>
                                             <i>Huernia nigeriana</i>
                                             <i>Huernia occulta</i>
                                             <i>Huernia oculata</i>
                                                   [Huernia rogersii]
                                             <i>Huernia primulina</i>
                                             <i>Huernia procumbens</i>
                                                   [Duvalia procumbens]
                                             <i>Huernia pulchra</i>
                                             <i>Huernia recondita</i>
                                             <i>Huernia schneideriana</i>
                                             <i>Huernia similis</i>
                                             <i>Huernia somalica</i>
                                             <i>Huernia sudanensis</i>
                                             <i>Huernia tanganyikensis</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia tanganyikense]
                                                   [Duvalia tanganyikensis]
                                             <i>Huernia urceolata</i>
                                             <i>Huernia verekeri</i>
                                             <i>Huernia volkartii</i>
                                             <i>Huernia zebrina</i>
                                               <i>Huernia zebrina subsp. zebrina</i>
                                                     [Huernia blackbeardiae]
                                                     [Huernia zebrina subsp. magniflora]
                                                     [Huernia zebrina var. magniflora]
                                     <i>Hunteria</i>
                                             <i>Hunteria ballayi</i>
                                                   [Pleuranthemum ballayi]
                                             <i>Hunteria camerunensis</i>
                                                   [Comularia camerunensis]
                                                   [Pleiocarpa camerunensis]
                                                   [Polyadoa camerunensis]
                                             <i>Hunteria congolana</i>
                                             <i>Hunteria densiflora</i>
                                             <i>Hunteria ghanensis</i>
                                             <i>Hunteria hexaloba</i>
                                                   [Tetradoa hexaloba]
                                             <i>Hunteria maasiorum</i>
                                             <i>Hunteria macrosiphon</i>
                                             <i>Hunteria myriantha</i>
                                             <i>Hunteria oxyantha</i>
                                             <i>Hunteria simii</i>
                                                   [Picralima laurifolia]
                                                   [Polyadoa simii]
                                                   [Tetradoa simii]
                                             <i>Hunteria umbellata</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus umbellata]
                                                   [Hunteria eburnea]
                                                   [Hunteria elliotii]
                                                   [Hunteria mayumbensis]
                                                   [Picralima elliotii]
                                                   [Picralima gracilis]
                                                   [Picralima umbellata]
                                                   [Polyadoa elliotii]
                                                   [Polyadoa umbellata]
                                             <i>Hunteria zeylanica</i>
                                                   [Cameraria zeylanica]
                                                   [Hunteria africana]
                                                   [Hunteria corymbosa var. genuina]
                                                   [Hunteria corymbosa var. roxburghiana]
                                                   [Hunteria corymbosa var. zeylanica]
                                                   [Hunteria corymbosa]
                                                   [Hunteria roxburghiana]
                                                   [Hunteria zeylanica var. africana]
                                                   [Hunteria zeylanica var. salicifolia]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana salicifolia]
                                     <i>Hylacium</i>
                                     <i>Ibatia</i>
                                           [Pseudibatia]
                                             <i>Ibatia cordata</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus cordatus]
                                             <i>Ibatia cumanensis</i>
                                                   [Ibatia albiflora]
                                                   [Matelea cumanensis]
                                                   [Matelea fimbriata]
                                             <i>Ibatia elliptica</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus ellipticus]
                                             <i>Ibatia fiebrigii</i>
                                                   [Matelea argentinensis]
                                             <i>Ibatia foetida</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus foetidus]
                                             <i>Ibatia ganglinosa</i>
                                                   [Pseudibatia ganglinosa]
                                             <i>Ibatia maritima</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus cearensis]
                                                   [Gonolobus maritimus]
                                             <i>Ibatia marsdenioides</i>
                                                   [Matelea marsdenioides]
                                             <i>Ibatia mollis</i>
                                             <i>Ibatia rubra</i>
                                                   [Matelea rubra]
                                                   [Omphalophthalma rubra]
                                     <i>Iboga</i>
                                     <i>Ichnocarpus</i>
                                             <i>Ichnocarpus frutescens</i>
                                                   [Carruthersia daronensis]
                                                   [Ichnocarpus ovatifolius]
                                                   [Ichnocarpus volubilis]
                                               <i>Ichnocarpus frutescens var. pubescens</i>
                                     <i>Isonema</i>
                                             <i>Isonema buchholzii</i>
                                             <i>Isonema infundibuliflorum</i>
                                             <i>Isonema smeathmanni</i>
                                             <i>Isonema smeathmannii</i>
                                     <i>Jacaima</i>
                                             <i>Jacaima costata</i>
                                                   [Poicilla costata]
                                     <i>Jasminochyla</i>
                                     <i>Jasminonerium</i>
                                     <i>Jobinia</i>
                                             <i>Jobinia eulaxiflora</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum eulaxiflorum]
                                             <i>Jobinia formosa</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum formosum]
                                             <i>Jobinia latipes</i>
                                                   [Cyathostelma latipes]
                                             <i>Jobinia lindbergii</i>
                                             <i>Jobinia neei</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum neei]
                                             <i>Jobinia paranaensis</i>
                                             <i>Jobinia tarmensis</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum tarmense]
                                             <i>Jobinia tiarata</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum tiaratum]
                                             <i>Jobinia umbellata</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum umbellatum]
                                     <i>Kanahia</i>
                                             <i>Kanahia carlsbergiana</i>
                                     <i>Kibatalia</i>
                                             <i>Kibatalia blancoi</i>
                                             <i>Kibatalia laurifolia</i>
                                                   [Trachelospermum laurifolium]
                                             <i>Kibatalia maingayi</i>
                                     <i>Kopsia</i>
                                             <i>Kopsia arborea</i>
                                                   [Kopsia pruniformis]
                                             <i>Kopsia dasyrachis</i>
                                             <i>Kopsia flavida</i>
                                                   [Kopsia triangularis]
                                             <i>Kopsia fruticosa</i>
                                                   [Cerbera fruticosa]
                                             <i>Kopsia griffithii</i>
                                             <i>Kopsia lancibracteolata</i>
                                             <i>Kopsia longiflora</i>
                                             <i>Kopsia pauciflora</i>
                                                   [Kopsia caudata var. glabra]
                                                   [Kopsia caudata]
                                             <i>Kopsia singapurensis</i>
                                     <i>Lachnostoma</i>
                                             <i>Lachnostoma gonoloboides</i>
                                             <i>Lachnostoma hastulatum</i>
                                             <i>Lachnostoma marginatum</i>
                                                   [Matelea marginata]
                                             <i>Lachnostoma tigrinum</i>
                                                   [Matelea humboldtiana]
                                                   [Phaeostemma tigrinum]
                                     <i>Lacmellea</i>
                                             <i>Lacmellea aculeata</i>
                                             <i>Lacmellea arborescens</i>
                                                   [Lacmellea peruviana]
                                               <i>Lacmellea arborescens var. peruviana</i>
                                             <i>Lacmellea bahiensis</i>
                                             <i>Lacmellea densifoliata</i>
                                             <i>Lacmellea edulis</i>
                                             <i>Lacmellea floribunda</i>
                                             <i>Lacmellea gracilis</i>
                                             <i>Lacmellea lactescens</i>
                                             <i>Lacmellea microcarpa</i>
                                             <i>Lacmellea oblongata</i>
                                                   [Lacmellea grandiflora]
                                             <i>Lacmellea panamensis</i>
                                                   [Zschokkea panamensis]
                                             <i>Lacmellea pauciflora</i>
                                             <i>Lacmellea pygmaea</i>
                                               <i>Lacmellea pygmaea var. latifolia</i>
                                             <i>Lacmellea ramosissima</i>
                                                   [Lacmellea klugii]
                                             <i>Lacmellea speciosa</i>
                                             <i>Lacmellea standleyi</i>
                                                   [Zschokkea standleyi]
                                             <i>Lacmellea zamorae</i>
                                     <i>Lagarinthus</i>
                                     <i>Landolphia</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia angustisepala</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia anthonii</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia axillaris</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia boliviensis</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia breviloba</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia bruneelii</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus bruneelii]
                                             <i>Landolphia buchananii</i>
                                                   [Clitandra buchananii]
                                                   [Clitandra kilimanjarica]
                                                   [Clitandra semlikiensis]
                                                   [Jasminochyla ugandensis]
                                                   [Landolphia cameronis]
                                                   [Landolphia kilimanjarica]
                                                   [Landolphia rogersii]
                                                   [Landolphia swynnertonii]
                                                   [Landolphia ugandensis]
                                             <i>Landolphia calabarica</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus calabarica]
                                                   [Landolphia bracteata]
                                             <i>Landolphia camptoloba</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus camptoloba]
                                                   [Carpodinus gracilis]
                                                   [Carpodinus leucantha]
                                                   [Clitandra gracilis]
                                             <i>Landolphia capensis</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia congolensis</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus congolensis]
                                                   [Carpodinus oxyanthoides]
                                                   [Carpodinus schlechteri]
                                                   [Carpodinus schlecteri]
                                                   [Carpodinus turbinata]
                                             <i>Landolphia cuneifolia</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia dewevrei</i>
                                                   [Clitandra brazzavillensis]
                                                   [Landolphia parvifolia var. johnstonii]
                                                   [Landolphia subterranea var. johnstonii]
                                                   [Landolphia talbotii]
                                             <i>Landolphia droogmansiana</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia dulcis</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus acida]
                                                   [Carpodinus baumannii]
                                                   [Carpodinus dulcis]
                                                   [Carpodinus flava]
                                                   [Carpodinus littoralis]
                                                   [Carpodinus oocarpa]
                                                   [Carpodinus parviflora]
                                                   [Carpodinus parvoflurus]
                                                   [Carpodinus pauciflora]
                                                   [Carpodinus tenuifolia]
                                                   [Clitandra oocarpa]
                                                   [Landolphia tenuifolia]
                                                   [Pacouria dulcis]
                                               <i>Landolphia dulcis var. barteri</i>
                                                     [Carpodinus barteri]
                                             <i>Landolphia eminiana</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia ferrea</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia flavidiflora</i>
                                                   [Aphanostylis flavidiflora]
                                                   [Carpodinus flavidiflora]
                                                   [Clitandra flavidiflora]
                                             <i>Landolphia foretiana</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus eetveldeana]
                                                   [Carpodinus foretiana]
                                                   [Carpodinus klaineana]
                                                   [Carpodinus klainei]
                                                   [Carpodinus rufinervis]
                                                   [Carpodinus sassandrae]
                                                   [Carpodinus verticillata]
                                             <i>Landolphia glabra</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus glabra]
                                                   [Carpodinus leptantha]
                                             <i>Landolphia glandulosa</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus glandulosa]
                                             <i>Landolphia gossweileri</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus goosweileri]
                                                   [Carpodinus gossweileri]
                                             <i>Landolphia gummifera</i>
                                                   [Vahea gummifera]
                                             <i>Landolphia heudelotii</i>
                                                   [Landolphia heudelotii var. diaguissae]
                                                   [Landolphia heudelotii var. djenge]
                                                   [Landolphia heudelotii var. tomentosa]
                                                   [Landolphia michelinii]
                                                   [Landolphia tomentosa]
                                                   [Landolphia traunii]
                                                   [Vahea heudelotii]
                                                   [Vahea tomentosa]
                                                   [Vahea traunii]
                                             <i>Landolphia hirsuta</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus hirsuta]
                                             <i>Landolphia incerta</i>
                                                   [Aphanostylis exserens]
                                                   [Aphanostylis laxiflora]
                                                   [Aphanostylis mannii]
                                                   [Carpodinus exserens]
                                                   [Carpodinus incerta]
                                                   [Carpodinus laxiflora]
                                                   [Clitandra cymulosa f. laxiflora]
                                                   [Clitandra gentilii]
                                                   [Clitandra laxiflora]
                                                   [Clitandra mannii]
                                             <i>Landolphia jumellei</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus alnifolia]
                                                   [Carpodinus fulva]
                                                   [Carpodinus globulifera]
                                                   [Carpodinus jumellei]
                                             <i>Landolphia kirkii</i>
                                                   [Clitandra stapfiana]
                                                   [Landolphia delagoensis]
                                                   [Landolphia dondeensis]
                                                   [Landolphia kirkii var. delagoensis]
                                                   [Landolphia kirkii var. dondeensis]
                                                   [Landolphia kirkii var. genuina]
                                                   [Landolphia polyantha]
                                                   [Vahea kirkii]
                                             <i>Landolphia klainii</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia lanceolata</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus lanceolata var. angustifolia]
                                                   [Carpodinus lanceolata var. latifolia]
                                                   [Carpodinus lanceolata]
                                                   [Landolphia hyogea]
                                                   [Landolphia hypogea]
                                                   [Landolphia subterranea]
                                             <i>Landolphia landolphioides</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus landolphioides]
                                                   [Clitandra landolphioides]
                                                   [Landolphia dawei var. multinervis]
                                                   [Landolphia dawei]
                                             <i>Landolphia lecomtei</i>
                                                   [Landolphia congolana]
                                             <i>Landolphia leonensis</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia leptantha</i>
                                                   [Aphanostylis leptantha]
                                                   [Clitandra leptantha]
                                             <i>Landolphia letestui</i>
                                                   [Clitandra letestui]
                                             <i>Landolphia ligustrifolia</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus iganda]
                                                   [Carpodinus jesperseni]
                                                   [Carpodinus ligustifolia]
                                                   [Carpodinus ligustrifolia var. angusta]
                                                   [Carpodinus ligustrifolia]
                                             <i>Landolphia macrantha</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus macrantha]
                                                   [Clitandra macrantha]
                                             <i>Landolphia mannii</i>
                                                   [Landolphia klainei]
                                             <i>Landolphia maxima</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus maximus]
                                             <i>Landolphia membranacea</i>
                                                   [Clitandra membranacea]
                                             <i>Landolphia micrantha</i>
                                                   [Clitandra elastica var. micrantha]
                                             <i>Landolphia myrtifolia</i>
                                                   [Landolphia sphaerocarpa]
                                             <i>Landolphia nitidula</i>
                                                   [Anthoclitandra nitida]
                                                   [Clitandra nitida]
                                             <i>Landolphia noctiflora</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia obovata</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia owariensis</i>
                                                   [Landolphia gentilii]
                                                   [Landolphia glaberrima]
                                                   [Landolphia humilis var. cordifolia]
                                                   [Landolphia humilis var. gracilis]
                                                   [Landolphia humilis var. umbrosa]
                                                   [Landolphia humilis]
                                                   [Landolphia kirkii var. owariensis]
                                                   [Landolphia leiocalyx]
                                                   [Landolphia mayumbensis]
                                                   [Landolphia miegeana]
                                                   [Landolphia nigerina]
                                                   [Landolphia owariensis var. djalonis]
                                                   [Landolphia owariensis var. droogmansiana]
                                                   [Landolphia owariensis var. gentilii]
                                                   [Landolphia owariensis var. glaberrima]
                                                   [Landolphia owariensis var. guineensis]
                                                   [Landolphia owariensis var. leiocalyx]
                                                   [Landolphia owariensis var. mayumbensis]
                                                   [Landolphia owariensis var. nigerina]
                                                   [Landolphia owariensis var. pierrei]
                                                   [Landolphia owariensis var. rubiginosa]
                                                   [Landolphia owariensis var. tomentella]
                                                   [Landolphia owariensis var. ubanghiensis]
                                                   [Landolphia pierrei]
                                                   [Landolphia stapfiana]
                                                   [Landolphia subturbinata]
                                                   [Landolphia tomentella var. gracilis]
                                                   [Landolphia tomentella var. lucens]
                                                   [Landolphia tomentella var. minor]
                                                   [Landolphia tomentella var. pulcherrima]
                                                   [Landolphia tomentella var. pumila]
                                                   [Landolphia tomentella var. rufescens]
                                                   [Landolphia tomentella var. subnuda]
                                                   [Landolphia tomentella]
                                                   [Landolphia turbinata]
                                                   [Pacouria owariensis]
                                                   [Paederia owariensis]
                                                   [Vahea owariensis]
                                             <i>Landolphia parvifolia</i>
                                                   [Landolphia claessensii]
                                                   [Landolphia kirkii var. parvifolia]
                                                   [Landolphia owariensis var. parvifolia]
                                                   [Landolphia parviflora]
                                                   [Pacouria parvifolia]
                                             <i>Landolphia persooniana</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia petersiana</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia pyramidata</i>
                                                   [Aphanostylis pyramidata]
                                                   [Landolphia squamosa]
                                             <i>Landolphia reticulata</i>
                                                   [Ancylobothrys reticulata]
                                             <i>Landolphia robustior</i>
                                                   [Anthoclitandra robustior]
                                                   [Carpodinus myriantha]
                                                   [Clitandra myriantha]
                                                   [Clitandra robustior]
                                             <i>Landolphia rufescens</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus rufescens]
                                             <i>Landolphia senegalensis</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia stenogyna</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus talbotii]
                                             <i>Landolphia stolzii</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia subrepanda</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus friabilis]
                                                   [Carpodinus subrepanda]
                                                   [Carpodinus trichanthera]
                                                   [Landolphia subrepanda var. latifolia]
                                             <i>Landolphia thollonii</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus chylorrhiza]
                                                   [Landolphia chylorrhiza]
                                                   [Landolphia parvifolia var. thollonii]
                                             <i>Landolphia togolana</i>
                                                   [Clitandra alba]
                                                   [Clitandra togoensis]
                                                   [Clitandra togolana]
                                                   [Cylindropsis togolana]
                                             <i>Landolphia uniflora</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus decipiens]
                                                   [Carpodinus uniflora]
                                             <i>Landolphia verrucosa</i>
                                             <i>Landolphia villosa</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus gentilii]
                                             <i>Landolphia violacea</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus bequaertii]
                                                   [Carpodinus violaceus]
                                             <i>Landolphia watsoniana</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus watsoniana]
                                                   [Cylindropsis watsoniana]
                                             <i>Landolphia × utilis</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus utilis]
                                                   [Clitandra laurifolia]
                                     <i>Lanugia</i>
                                     <i>Larryleachia</i>
                                           [Hoodia sociarum]
                                             <i>Larryleachia cactiformis</i>
                                             <i>Larryleachia marlothii</i>
                                             <i>Larryleachia perlata</i>
                                             <i>Larryleachia picta</i>
                                             <i>Larryleachia tirasmontata</i>
                                     <i>Laseguea</i>
                                             <i>Laseguea erecta</i>
                                     <i>Lasiostelma</i>
                                     <i>Laubertia</i>
                                             <i>Laubertia boissieri</i>
                                                   [Echites sanctae-martae]
                                                   [Laubertia sanctae-martae]
                                             <i>Laubertia contorta</i>
                                                   [Echites campanulatus]
                                                   [Laubertia pringlei]
                                                   [Prestonia langlassei]
                                                   [Streptotrachelus pringlei]
                                             <i>Laubertia peninsularis</i>
                                                   [Laubertia gentlei]
                                     <i>Lavrania</i>
                                             <i>Lavrania haagnerae</i>
                                     <i>Laxoplumeria</i>
                                             <i>Laxoplumeria baehniana</i>
                                             <i>Laxoplumeria tessmannii</i>
                                     <i>Lepinia</i>
                                             <i>Lepinia ponapensis</i>
                                     <i>Lepiniopsis</i>
                                             <i>Lepiniopsis ternatensis</i>
                                                   [Lepiniopsis philippinensis]
                                     <i>Leptadenia</i>
                                             <i>Leptadenia arborea</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum arboreum]
                                                   [Cynanchum heterophyllum]
                                                   [Leptadenia abyssinica]
                                                   [Leptadenia clavipes]
                                                   [Leptadenia delilei]
                                                   [Leptadenia forskalii]
                                                   [Leptadenia heterophylla]
                                                   [Leptadenia pallida]
                                                   [Leptadenia schimperiana]
                                             <i>Leptadenia hastata</i>
                                                   [Leptadenia lancifolia]
                                             <i>Leptadenia lanceolata</i>
                                                   [Caralluma corrugata]
                                                   [Caralluma rivae]
                                                   [Caralluma rosengrenii]
                                                   [Cynanchum hastatum]
                                                   [Cynanchum lancifolium]
                                                   [Cynanchum scabrum]
                                                   [Leptadenia cordata]
                                                   [Leptadenia lancifolia var. scabra]
                                                   [Sanguilluma socotrana]
                                                   [Tylophora incana]
                                               <i>Leptadenia lanceolata subsp. lanceolata</i>
                                               <i>Leptadenia lanceolata subsp. meridionalis</i>
                                                     [Leptadenia hastata subsp. meridionalis]
                                             <i>Leptadenia madagascariensis</i>
                                             <i>Leptadenia pyrotechnica</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum pyrotechnicum]
                                                   [Leptadenia gracilis]
                                                   [Leptadenia jacquemontiana]
                                                   [Leptadenia spartium]
                                                   [Microloma pyrotechnicum]
                                                   [Sarcostemma pyrotechnicum]
                                             <i>Leptadenia reticulata</i>
                                     <i>Leptopharyngia</i>
                                     <i>Leuconotis</i>
                                             <i>Leuconotis anceps</i>
                                             <i>Leuconotis eugeniifolia</i>
                                             <i>Leuconotis griffithii</i>
                                                   [Leuconotis maingayi]
                                                   [Leuconotis subavenis]
                                     <i>Liedea</i>
                                     <i>Lithocaulon</i>
                                     <i>Lochnera</i>
                                     <i>Luckhoffia</i>
                                             <i>Luckhoffia beukmanii</i>
                                     <i>Lyonsia</i>
                                     <i>Maclaudia</i>
                                             <i>Maclaudia felixii</i>
                                     <i>Macoubea</i>
                                             <i>Macoubea guianensis</i>
                                             <i>Macoubea mesoamericana</i>
                                             <i>Macoubea sprucei</i>
                                     <i>Macroditassa</i>
                                     <i>Macropelma</i>
                                     <i>Macropetalum</i>
                                             <i>Macropetalum burchellii</i>
                                                   [Brachystelma burchellii var. burchellii]
                                                   [Brachystelma burchellii]
                                               <i>Macropetalum burchellii var. burchellii</i>
                                     <i>Macropharynx</i>
                                             <i>Macropharynx colombiana</i>
                                                   [Peltastes colombianus]
                                             <i>Macropharynx isthmica</i>
                                                   [Peltastes isthmicus]
                                             <i>Macropharynx peruviana</i>
                                                   [Peltastes peruvianus]
                                             <i>Macropharynx renteriae</i>
                                             <i>Macropharynx spectabilis</i>
                                                   [Macropharynx fistulosa]
                                     <i>Macroscepis</i>
                                           [Memora]
                                             <i>Macroscepis diademata</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus diadematus]
                                                   [Matelea diademata]
                                             <i>Macroscepis obovata</i>
                                             <i>Macroscepis pleistantha</i>
                                                   [Macroscepis congestiflora]
                                                   [Matelea congestiflora]
                                                   [Matelea pleistantha]
                                             <i>Macroscepis rotata</i>
                                             <i>Macroscepis schreiteri</i>
                                                   [Schubertia schreiteri]
                                             <i>Macroscepis sinalobolana</i>
                                             <i>Macroscepis urceolata</i>
                                     <i>Macrosiphonia</i>
                                             <i>Macrosiphonia berlandieri</i>
                                             <i>Macrosiphonia dulcis</i>
                                             <i>Macrosiphonia hesperia</i>
                                             <i>Macrosiphonia hypoleuca</i>
                                             <i>Macrosiphonia lanuginosa</i>
                                               <i>Macrosiphonia lanuginosa var. lanuginosa</i>
                                               <i>Macrosiphonia lanuginosa var. macrosiphon</i>
                                             <i>Macrosiphonia longiflora</i>
                                             <i>Macrosiphonia macrosiphon</i>
                                             <i>Macrosiphonia petraea</i>
                                             <i>Macrosiphonia woodsoniana</i>
                                     <i>Malouetia</i>
                                             <i>Malouetia amplexicaulis</i>
                                             <i>Malouetia barbata</i>
                                             <i>Malouetia bequaertiana</i>
                                                   [Malouetia brachyloba]
                                             <i>Malouetia cestroides</i>
                                                   [Malouetia arborea]
                                             <i>Malouetia cubana</i>
                                             <i>Malouetia duckei</i>
                                             <i>Malouetia flavescens</i>
                                                   [Malouetia mexiae]
                                                   [Malouetia schomburgkii]
                                             <i>Malouetia furfuracea</i>
                                             <i>Malouetia glandulifera</i>
                                             <i>Malouetia gracilis</i>
                                             <i>Malouetia guatemalensis</i>
                                                   [Malouetia panamensis]
                                                   [Stemmadenia guatemalensis]
                                             <i>Malouetia heudelotii</i>
                                                   [Malouetia africana]
                                             <i>Malouetia killipii</i>
                                             <i>Malouetia lata</i>
                                             <i>Malouetia mildbraedii</i>
                                                   [Alafia mildbraedii]
                                                   [Malouetiella mildbraedii]
                                                   [Malouetiella parviflora]
                                             <i>Malouetia naias</i>
                                             <i>Malouetia nitida</i>
                                             <i>Malouetia quadricasarum</i>
                                                   [Malouetia isthmica]
                                             <i>Malouetia tamaquarina</i>
                                                   [Malouetia peruviana]
                                                   [Malouetia tamaquarina var. minor]
                                     <i>Malouetiella</i>
                                     <i>Mandevilla</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla acutiloba</i>
                                                   [Echites acutilobus]
                                                   [Mandevilla contrerasii]
                                                   [Mandevilla rosana]
                                             <i>Mandevilla alexicaca</i>
                                                   [Dipladenia tetradenia]
                                             <i>Mandevilla amabilis</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla andina</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla andrieuxii</i>
                                                   [Amblyanthera andrieuxii]
                                             <i>Mandevilla angustifolia</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla antennacea</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla apocynifolia</i>
                                                   [Echites apocynifolius]
                                             <i>Mandevilla atroviolacea</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla benthamii</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla boliviensis</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla brachyloba</i>
                                                   [Amblyanthera brachyloba]
                                             <i>Mandevilla brachysiphon</i>
                                                   [Macrosiphonia brachysiphon]
                                                   [Telosiphonia brachysiphon]
                                             <i>Mandevilla bracteata</i>
                                                   [Mandevilla attenuata]
                                             <i>Mandevilla callista</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla campanulata</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla cercophylla</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla coccinea</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla convolvulacea</i>
                                                   [Echites convolvulaceus]
                                             <i>Mandevilla cuspidata</i>
                                                   [Dipladenia mollis]
                                             <i>Mandevilla dardanoi</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla donnell-smithii</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla duartei</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla emarginata</i>
                                                   [Mandevilla erecta]
                                             <i>Mandevilla exilicaulis</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla foliosa</i>
                                                   [Amblyanthera foliosa]
                                             <i>Mandevilla funiformis</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla glandulosa</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla hesperia</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla hirsuta</i>
                                                   [Echites hirsuta]
                                                   [Echites hirsutus]
                                                   [Echites stadelmeyeri]
                                                   [Echites tomentosa]
                                                   [Echites tomentosus]
                                                   [Mandevilla denticulata]
                                                   [Mandevilla fluminensis]
                                                   [Mandevilla rusbyi]
                                                   [Mandevilla tomentosa]
                                             <i>Mandevilla holosericea</i>
                                                   [Echites holosericeus]
                                                   [Mandevilla sertuligera]
                                             <i>Mandevilla hypoleuca</i>
                                                   [Echites hypoleucus]
                                                   [Macrosiphonia wrightii]
                                             <i>Mandevilla illustris</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla immaculata</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla karwinskii</i>
                                                   [Echites coulteri]
                                             <i>Mandevilla lancifolia</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla lanuginosa</i>
                                                   [Telosiphonia lanuginosa var. oaxacensis]
                                             <i>Mandevilla laxa</i>
                                                   [Echites laxa]
                                                   [Mandevilla bangii]
                                                   [Mandevilla bridgesii]
                                                   [Mandevilla grata]
                                                   [Mandevilla suaveolens]
                                             <i>Mandevilla lobbii</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla macrosiphon</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla mexicana</i>
                                                   [Echites smithii]
                                             <i>Mandevilla microphylla</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla mollissima</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla montana</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla moricandiana</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla moritziana</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla myriophyllum</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla nacapulensis</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla nerioides</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla novocapitalis</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla oaxacana</i>
                                                   [Echites cordatus]
                                                   [Echites oaxacanus]
                                                   [Mandevilla schumanniana]
                                             <i>Mandevilla oaxacensis</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla pavonii</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla pentlandiana</i>
                                                   [Laseguea mandonii]
                                             <i>Mandevilla petraea</i>
                                                   [Macrosiphonia verticillata]
                                             <i>Mandevilla pohliana</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla polyantha</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla pringlei</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla pycnantha</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla riparia</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla rugellosa</i>
                                                   [Echites boliviana]
                                             <i>Mandevilla sagittarii</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla sancta</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla sanderi</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla scaberula</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla scabra</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla scorpioidea</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla sellowii</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla speciosa</i>
                                                   [Amblyanthera fendleri]
                                                   [Dipladenia fendleri]
                                                   [Mandevilla fendleri]
                                             <i>Mandevilla spigeliiflora</i>
                                                   [Dipladenia spigeliiflora]
                                             <i>Mandevilla splendens</i>
                                                   [Dipladenia splendens]
                                             <i>Mandevilla stans</i>
                                                   [Secondatia stans]
                                                   [Trachelospermum stans]
                                             <i>Mandevilla steyermarkii</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla subcarnosa</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla subcordata</i>
                                                   [Mandevilla oblongifolia]
                                             <i>Mandevilla subsagittata</i>
                                                   [Echites secundiflorus]
                                                   [Echites subsagittata]
                                                   [Echites subsagittatus]
                                             <i>Mandevilla subsessilis</i>
                                                   [Mandevilla mollis]
                                                   [Mandevilla platydactyla]
                                             <i>Mandevilla syrinx</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla tenuifolia</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla torosa</i>
                                                   [Echites torulosus]
                                               <i>Mandevilla torosa var. coulteri</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla trianae</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla tubiflora</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla urophylla</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla vanheurckii</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla vasquezii</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla velame</i>
                                                   [Macrosiphonia velame]
                                             <i>Mandevilla velutina</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla veraguasensis</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla versicolor</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla villosa</i>
                                             <i>Mandevilla virescens</i>
                                                   [Macrosiphonia virescens]
                                     <i>Mangenotia</i>
                                     <i>Marsdenia</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia abyssinica</i>
                                                   [Dregea abyssinica]
                                                   [Dregea africana]
                                                   [Hoya africana]
                                                   [Marsdenia abyssinica f. complicata]
                                                   [Marsdenia spissa]
                                                   [Pterygocarpus abyssinicus]
                                             <i>Marsdenia altissima</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia angolensis</i>
                                                   [Gongronema angolense]
                                                   [Marsdenia gondarensis]
                                             <i>Marsdenia asclepioidea</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia astephanoides</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum astephanoides]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum astephanoides]
                                             <i>Marsdenia australis</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia bourgeana</i>
                                                   [Pseudomarsdenia bourgaeana]
                                             <i>Marsdenia callosa</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia carterae</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia coulteri</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia crinita</i>
                                                   [Dregea crinita]
                                             <i>Marsdenia cuixmalensis</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia cundurango</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia cynanchoides</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia dussii</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia dussi]
                                             <i>Marsdenia edulis</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia elliptica</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia exellii</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia faulknerae</i>
                                                   [Dregea faulknerae]
                                             <i>Marsdenia floribunda</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia formosana</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia fruticosa</i>
                                                   [Nephradenia fruticosa]
                                             <i>Marsdenia fusca</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia gallardoae</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia gilgiana</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia griffithii</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia gualanensis</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia gymnemoides</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia hiriartiana</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia latifolia</i>
                                                   [Gongronema latifolium]
                                                   [Marsdenia glabriflora var. orbicularis]
                                                   [Marsdenia glabriflora]
                                                   [Marsdenia leonensis]
                                                   [Marsdenia racemosa]
                                             <i>Marsdenia laxiflora</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia linearis</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia longiflora</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia macfadyenii</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia macrantha</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia zambesiaca]
                                                   [Periploca petersiana]
                                             <i>Marsdenia macroglossa</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia macrophylla</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia maculata]
                                             <i>Marsdenia magallanesiana</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia magniflora</i>
                                                   [Dramsenia grandiflora]
                                                   [Marsdenia grandiflora]
                                                   [Stephanotis grandiflora]
                                             <i>Marsdenia mayana</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia oaxacana</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia obscura</i>
                                                   [Gongronema obscurum]
                                             <i>Marsdenia parvifolia</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia peraffinis</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia pringlei</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia propinqua</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia reichenbachii</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia roylei</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia rubicunda</i>
                                                   [Dregea macrantha]
                                                   [Dregea rubicunda]
                                             <i>Marsdenia schimperi</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum schimperi]
                                                   [Dregea schimperi]
                                                   [Gymnema macrocarpum]
                                                   [Traunia albiflora]
                                             <i>Marsdenia schlechteriana</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia sinensis</i>
                                                   [Dregea sinensis]
                                             <i>Marsdenia stelostigma</i>
                                                   [Dregea stelostigma]
                                                   [Marsdenia stefaninii]
                                                   [Stigmatorhynchus stelostigma]
                                             <i>Marsdenia stenocentra</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia villosa]
                                             <i>Marsdenia taylorii</i>
                                                   [Gongronema taylorii]
                                             <i>Marsdenia tenacissima</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia tinctoria</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia tomentosa</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia tressensii</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia trivirgulata</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia tubulosa</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia umbellata</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia undulata</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia margaritaria]
                                             <i>Marsdenia verrucosa</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia vinciflora</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia volubilis</i>
                                                   [Dregea volubilis]
                                                   [Hoya viridiflora]
                                             <i>Marsdenia woodburyana</i>
                                             <i>Marsdenia yunnanensis</i>
                                                   [Dregea yunnanensis]
                                     <i>Mascarenhasia</i>
                                             <i>Mascarenhasia arborescens</i>
                                                   [Lanugia latifolia]
                                                   [Lanugia variegata]
                                                   [Mascarenhasia elastica]
                                                   [Mascarenhasia fischeri]
                                                   [Mascarenhasia micrantha]
                                                   [Mascarenhasia variegata]
                                             <i>Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora</i>
                                             <i>Mascarenhasia speciosa</i>
                                     <i>Matelia</i>
                                             <i>Matelia stenopetala</i>
                                     <i>Melinia</i>
                                     <i>Mellichampia</i>
                                             <i>Mellichampia rubescens</i>
                                     <i>Melodinus</i>
                                             <i>Melodinus acutiflorus</i>
                                                   [Melodinus acutus]
                                             <i>Melodinus angustifolius</i>
                                             <i>Melodinus australis</i>
                                                   [Chilocarpus australis]
                                             <i>Melodinus baueri</i>
                                             <i>Melodinus cambodiensis</i>
                                             <i>Melodinus cochinchinensis</i>
                                             <i>Melodinus cumingii</i>
                                                   [Melodinus apoensis]
                                             <i>Melodinus forbesii</i>
                                             <i>Melodinus fusiformis</i>
                                             <i>Melodinus grandiflorus</i>
                                             <i>Melodinus hemsleyanus</i>
                                             <i>Melodinus khasianus</i>
                                             <i>Melodinus monogynus</i>
                                             <i>Melodinus orientalis</i>
                                                   [Hunteria coriacea]
                                             <i>Melodinus scandens</i>
                                             <i>Melodinus suaveolens</i>
                                             <i>Melodinus vitiensis</i>
                                     <i>Mesechites</i>
                                             <i>Mesechites acuminatus</i>
                                             <i>Mesechites angustifolius</i>
                                             <i>Mesechites repens</i>
                                             <i>Mesechites roseus</i>
                                                   [Echites roseus]
                                             <i>Mesechites trifidus</i>
                                                   [Echites chloranthus]
                                     <i>Metalepis</i>
                                             <i>Metalepis albiflora</i>
                                             <i>Metalepis cubensis</i>
                                             <i>Metalepis peraffinis</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia matudae]
                                     <i>Metaplexis</i>
                                             <i>Metaplexis japonica</i>
                                     <i>Metastelma</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma albiflora</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma albiflorum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma anegadense</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma angustifolium</i>
                                                   [Irmischia angustifolia]
                                             <i>Metastelma arizonicum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum arizonicum]
                                               <i>Metastelma arizonicum subsp. arizonicum</i>
                                               <i>Metastelma arizonicum subsp. chiapense</i>
                                                     [Cynanchum chiapense]
                                                     [Metastelma chiapense]
                                                     [Metastelma collinum]
                                             <i>Metastelma astephanoides</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma atrorubens</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum atrorubens]
                                             <i>Metastelma bahamense</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum bahamense]
                                                   [Epicion bahamense]
                                             <i>Metastelma barbadense</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum barbadense]
                                             <i>Metastelma barbigerum</i>
                                               <i>Metastelma barbigerum var. barbigerum</i>
                                               <i>Metastelma barbigerum var. liesnerianum</i>
                                                     [Cynanchum liesneriana]
                                                     [Metastelma liesnerianum]
                                             <i>Metastelma blodgettii</i>
                                                   [Metastelma barbatum]
                                             <i>Metastelma boldinghii</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum boldinghii]
                                             <i>Metastelma bonplandianum</i>
                                                   [Amphistelma graminifolium]
                                                   [Cynanchum graminifolium]
                                             <i>Metastelma brachymischum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma brachystephanum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma broadwayi</i>
                                                   [Decastelma broadwayi]
                                             <i>Metastelma californicum</i>
                                               <i>Metastelma californicum subsp. californicum</i>
                                               <i>Metastelma californicum subsp. lanceolatum</i>
                                                     [Ditassa mexicana]
                                             <i>Metastelma cubense</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma cuneatum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma decaisneanum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma decipiens</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma eliasianum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum infimicola]
                                             <i>Metastelma ephedroides</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma fallax</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma gracile</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma grisebachianum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma hamatum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma harrisii</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum harrisii]
                                             <i>Metastelma inaguense</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum inaguense]
                                             <i>Metastelma jamaicense</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum rendlei]
                                             <i>Metastelma lanceolatum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma latifolia</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma latifolium</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma leptocladon</i>
                                                   [Amphistelma ephedroides]
                                                   [Cynanchum leptocladum]
                                             <i>Metastelma leptocladum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma leptophyllum</i>
                                                   [Astephanus leptophyllus]
                                             <i>Metastelma lineare</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma linearifolium</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum savannarum]
                                             <i>Metastelma longicoronatum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma macropodum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma martinicense</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma mathewsii</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma minutiflorum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum sonorense]
                                             <i>Metastelma monense</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma multiflorum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma oranensis</i>
                                                   [Metastelma oranense]
                                             <i>Metastelma parviflorum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum hartii]
                                                   [Cynanchum suberosum]
                                                   [Irmischia aristata]
                                                   [Metastelma aristatum]
                                                   [Metastelma campanulatum]
                                                   [Metastelma ovatum]
                                                   [Metastelma paralias]
                                                   [Metastelma suberosum]
                                             <i>Metastelma pauciflorum</i>
                                                   [Astephanus cubensis var. pauciflorus]
                                             <i>Metastelma pedunculare</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum woodsonianum]
                                             <i>Metastelma penicillatum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum penicillatum]
                                             <i>Metastelma priorii</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum priorii]
                                             <i>Metastelma pubipetalum</i>
                                                   [Astephanus cubensis]
                                             <i>Metastelma quitense</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum quitense]
                                             <i>Metastelma schaffneri</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma schlechtendalii</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum schlechtendalii]
                                               <i>Metastelma schlechtendalii var. arenicola</i>
                                               <i>Metastelma schlechtendalii var. schlechtendalii</i>
                                               <i>Metastelma schlechtendalii var. trichophyllum</i>
                                                     [Cynanchum trichophyllum]
                                             <i>Metastelma scoparium</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma sepicola</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma sepium</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum sepium]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum sepium]
                                             <i>Metastelma sigmoideum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum sigmoideum]
                                             <i>Metastelma spruceanum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum spruceanum]
                                             <i>Metastelma stenoglossum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma stenomeres</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum stenomeres]
                                             <i>Metastelma stipitatum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum stipitatum]
                                             <i>Metastelma thalamosiphon</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma thysanotum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma trichophyllum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma triodontum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma turneri</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma virgatum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma watsonianum</i>
                                             <i>Metastelma woodsonii</i>
                                                   [Roulinia jamaicensis]
                                             <i>Metastelma yucatanense</i>
                                     <i>Micrechites</i>
                                             <i>Micrechites serpyllifolia</i>
                                                   [Trachelospermum philippinense]
                                     <i>Microdactylon</i>
                                     <i>Microloma</i>
                                             <i>Microloma sagittatum</i>
                                                   [Microloma glabratum]
                                             <i>Microloma tenuifolium</i>
                                                   [Microloma lineare]
                                     <i>Microplumeria</i>
                                             <i>Microplumeria anomala</i>
                                     <i>Microstephanus</i>
                                     <i>Minaria</i>
                                             <i>Minaria acerosa</i>
                                                   [Ditassa acerosa]
                                                   [Ditassa ericoides]
                                             <i>Minaria cordata</i>
                                             <i>Minaria grazielae</i>
                                                   [Astephanus grazielae]
                                             <i>Minaria harleyi</i>
                                                   [Barjonia harleyi]
                                             <i>Minaria micromeria</i>
                                                   [Ditassa micromeria]
                                     <i>Miraglossum</i>
                                             <i>Miraglossum pulchellum</i>
                                     <i>Mitostigma</i>
                                             <i>Mitostigma latiflorum</i>
                                     <i>Molongum</i>
                                             <i>Molongum laxum</i>
                                             <i>Molongum lucidum</i>
                                             <i>Molongum zschokkeiforme</i>
                                     <i>Mondia</i>
                                             <i>Mondia ecornuta</i>
                                                   [Chlorocodon ecornutus]
                                             <i>Mondia whitei</i>
                                                   [Chlorocodon whitei]
                                                   [Periploca latifolia]
                                                   [Periploca laxiflora]
                                                   [Tacazzea amplifolia]
                                                   [Tacazzea laxiflora]
                                                   [Tacazzea viridis]
                                     <i>Monolluma</i>
                                             <i>Monolluma socotrana</i>
                                                   [Boucerosia socotrana]
                                     <i>Morleya</i>
                                     <i>Morrenia</i>
                                             <i>Morrenia grandiflora</i>
                                             <i>Morrenia odorata</i>
                                     <i>Mortoniella</i>
                                             <i>Mortoniella pittieri</i>
                                                   [Morleya leipocalyx]
                                     <i>Motandra</i>
                                             <i>Motandra guineensis</i>
                                             <i>Motandra lujaei</i>
                                             <i>Motandra paniculata</i>
                                                   [Baissea guineensis]
                                                   [Echites guineensis]
                                                   [Echites paniculata]
                                                   [Motandra altissima]
                                                   [Motandra pyramidalis]
                                                   [Motandra rostrata]
                                             <i>Motandra poecilophylla</i>
                                                   [Motandra stapfiana]
                                     <i>Mucoa</i>
                                             <i>Mucoa duckei</i>
                                     <i>Nanostelma</i>
                                     <i>Nautonia</i>
                                             <i>Nautonia nummularia</i>
                                     <i>Neisosperma</i>
                                             <i>Neisosperma brevituba</i>
                                             <i>Neisosperma oppositifolia</i>
                                     <i>Neobracea</i>
                                             <i>Neobracea bahamensis</i>
                                             <i>Neobracea howardii</i>
                                             <i>Neobracea valenzuelana</i>
                                     <i>Neocouma</i>
                                             <i>Neocouma ternstroemiacea</i>
                                     <i>Neoschumannia</i>
                                             <i>Neoschumannia cardinea</i>
                                                   [Swynnertonia cardinea]
                                             <i>Neoschumannia gishwatiensis</i>
                                             <i>Neoschumannia kamerunensis</i>
                                     <i>Nephradenia</i>
                                             <i>Nephradenia linearis</i>
                                     <i>Nerium</i>
                                             <i>Nerium oleander</i>
                                                   [Nerium indicum subsp. kotschyi]
                                                   [Nerium indicum]
                                                   [Nerium kotschyi]
                                     <i>Ochrosia</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia ackeringae</i>
                                                   [Ochrosia littoralis]
                                             <i>Ochrosia apoensis</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia bodenheimarum</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia citrodora</i>
                                                   [Neisosperma citrodora]
                                             <i>Ochrosia compta</i>
                                                   [Bleekeria compta]
                                                   [Ochrosia sandwicensis]
                                             <i>Ochrosia elliptica</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia ficifolia</i>
                                                   [Neisosperma ficifolia]
                                             <i>Ochrosia forbesii</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia glomerata</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia haleakalae</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia hamakuaensis</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia holei</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia kauaiensis</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia kilaueaensis</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia kilneri</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia konaensis</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia kondoi</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia lamoureuxii</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia mariannensis</i>
                                               <i>Ochrosia mariannensis var. mariannensis</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia microcalyx</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia moorei</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia oppositifolia</i>
                                                   [Neisosperma oppositifolium]
                                             <i>Ochrosia parviflora</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia poweri</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia syncarpa</i>
                                             <i>Ochrosia vitiensis</i>
                                     <i>Odontadenia</i>
                                             <i>Odontadenia funigera</i>
                                             <i>Odontadenia geminata</i>
                                             <i>Odontadenia hypoglauca</i>
                                             <i>Odontadenia killipii</i>
                                                   [Odontadenia affinis]
                                             <i>Odontadenia laxiflora</i>
                                             <i>Odontadenia lutea</i>
                                             <i>Odontadenia macrantha</i>
                                                   [Odontadenia grandiflora]
                                             <i>Odontadenia nitida</i>
                                             <i>Odontadenia perrottetii</i>
                                             <i>Odontadenia polyneura</i>
                                                   [Rhabdadenia polyneura]
                                             <i>Odontadenia puncticulosa</i>
                                                   [Odontadenia boliviana]
                                                   [Odontadenia schippii]
                                                   [Odontadenia spoliata]
                                             <i>Odontadenia semidigyna</i>
                                                   [Odontadenia caudigera]
                                                   [Odontadenia hoffmannseggiana]
                                                   [Odontadenia speciosa]
                                             <i>Odontadenia stemmadeniifolia</i>
                                             <i>Odontadenia verrucosa</i>
                                                   [Odontadenia cognata]
                                                   [Odontadenia lauretiana]
                                     <i>Odontanthera</i>
                                     <i>Odontostelma</i>
                                     <i>Odontostephana</i>
                                             <i>Odontostephana baldwyniana</i>
                                             <i>Odontostephana carolinensis</i>
                                             <i>Odontostephana flavidula</i>
                                             <i>Odontostephana floridana</i>
                                             <i>Odontostephana obliqua</i>
                                             <i>Odontostephana shortii</i>
                                     <i>Omphalogonus</i>
                                     <i>Omphalophthalma</i>
                                     <i>Oncinema</i>
                                           [Glossostephanus]
                                             <i>Oncinema lineare</i>
                                                   [Glossostephanus linearis]
                                     <i>Oncinotis</i>
                                             <i>Oncinotis batesii</i>
                                             <i>Oncinotis gabonica</i>
                                             <i>Oncinotis glabrata</i>
                                                   [Motandra glabrata]
                                                   [Oncinotis glandulosa]
                                                   [Oncinotis jespersenii]
                                             <i>Oncinotis gracilis</i>
                                                   [Oncinotis chlorogena]
                                                   [Oncinotis malchairii]
                                                   [Oncinotis mitis]
                                                   [Oncinotis thyrsiflora]
                                             <i>Oncinotis hirta</i>
                                                   [Motandra welwitschiana]
                                             <i>Oncinotis nitida</i>
                                             <i>Oncinotis paniculosa</i>
                                             <i>Oncinotis pontyi</i>
                                                   [Oncinotis obovata]
                                                   [Oncinotis pontyi var. breviloba]
                                             <i>Oncinotis tenuiloba</i>
                                                   [Motandra erlangeri]
                                                   [Oncinotis chirindica]
                                                   [Oncinotis inandensis]
                                                   [Oncinotis natalensis]
                                                   [Oncinotis oblanceolata]
                                             <i>Oncinotis tomentella</i>
                                     <i>Oncostemma</i>
                                     <i>Orbea</i>
                                             <i>Orbea baldratii</i>
                                                   [Angolluma baldratii]
                                                   [Caralluma baldratii]
                                               <i>Orbea baldratii subsp. baldratii</i>
                                               <i>Orbea baldratii subsp. somalensis</i>
                                             <i>Orbea carnosa</i>
                                               <i>Orbea carnosa subsp. carnosa</i>
                                               <i>Orbea carnosa subsp. keithii</i>
                                                     [Caralluma carnosa]
                                                     [Caralluma fosteri]
                                                     [Caralluma keithii]
                                                     [Caralluma schweickerdtii]
                                                     [Pachycymbium keithii]
                                             <i>Orbea caudata</i>
                                               <i>Orbea caudata subsp. caudata</i>
                                                     [Caralluma caudata var. fusca]
                                                     [Caralluma caudata]
                                                     [Caralluma longecornuta]
                                                     [Caralluma praegracilis]
                                                     [Orbeopsis caudata]
                                             <i>Orbea chibensis</i>
                                                   [Caralluma caudata subsp. rhodesiaca]
                                                   [Caralluma caudata var. chibensis]
                                                   [Caralluma caudata var. milleri]
                                                   [Caralluma caudata var. stevensonii]
                                                   [Caralluma chibensis]
                                                   [Orbea caudata subsp. rhodesica]
                                             <i>Orbea circes</i>
                                                   [Angolluma circes]
                                                   [Caralluma circes]
                                                   [Pachycymbium circes]
                                             <i>Orbea cooperi</i>
                                                   [Stapelia cooperi]
                                                   [Stapeliopsis cooperi]
                                                   [Stultitia cooperi]
                                             <i>Orbea decaisneana</i>
                                                   [Angolluma decaisneana]
                                                   [Angolluma sudanensis]
                                                   [Angolluma venenosa]
                                                   [Boucerosia decaisneana]
                                                   [Caralluma decaisneana]
                                                   [Caralluma venenosa]
                                                   [Pachycymbium decaisneanum]
                                                   [Stapelia decaisneana]
                                               <i>Orbea decaisneana subsp. decaisneana</i>
                                               <i>Orbea decaisneana subsp. hesperidum</i>
                                                     [Angolluma hesperidum]
                                                     [Caralluma commutata subsp. hesperidum]
                                                     [Caralluma decaisneana subsp. hesperidum]
                                                     [Caralluma hesperidum]
                                                     [Pachycymbium decaisneanum subsp. hesperidum]
                                             <i>Orbea denboefii</i>
                                                   [Angolluma denboefii]
                                                   [Caralluma denboefii]
                                                   [Pachycymbium denboefii]
                                             <i>Orbea distincta</i>
                                                   [Angolluma distincta]
                                                   [Caralluma distincta]
                                                   [Pachycymbium distinctum]
                                             <i>Orbea dummeri</i>
                                                   [Angolluma dummeri]
                                                   [Caralluma dummeri]
                                                   [Pachycymbium dummeri]
                                                   [Stapelia dummeri]
                                             <i>Orbea gemugofana</i>
                                                   [Angolluma gemugofana]
                                                   [Caralluma gemugofana]
                                                   [Pachycymbium gemugofanum]
                                             <i>Orbea gilbertii</i>
                                                   [Angolluma gilbertii]
                                                   [Pachycymbium gilbertii]
                                             <i>Orbea halipedicola</i>
                                                   [Orbea halipedicola subsp. septentrionalis]
                                             <i>Orbea huernioides</i>
                                                   [Angolluma huernioides]
                                                   [Caralluma huernioides]
                                                   [Pachycymbium huernioides]
                                             <i>Orbea huillensis</i>
                                               <i>Orbea huillensis subsp. huillensis</i>
                                                     [Caralluma gossweileri]
                                                     [Caralluma huillensis]
                                                     [Orbeopsis gossweileri]
                                                     [Orbeopsis huillensis]
                                             <i>Orbea laikipiensis</i>
                                                   [Angolluma laikipiensis]
                                                   [Pachycymbium laikipiense]
                                             <i>Orbea laticorona</i>
                                                   [Angolluma laticorona]
                                                   [Angolluma nubica]
                                                   [Caralluma sprengeri subsp. laticorona]
                                                   [Pachycymbium laticoronum]
                                             <i>Orbea longidens</i>
                                                   [Stapelia longidens]
                                             <i>Orbea lugardii</i>
                                                   [Angolluma lugardii]
                                                   [Caralluma longicuspis]
                                                   [Caralluma lugardii]
                                                   [Pachycymbium lugardii]
                                             <i>Orbea lutea</i>
                                               <i>Orbea lutea subsp. lutea</i>
                                                     [Caralluma lateritia var. stevensonii]
                                                     [Caralluma lateritia var. vansonii]
                                                     [Caralluma lutea]
                                                     [Orbeopsis lutea subsp. lutea]
                                                     [Orbeopsis lutea]
                                               <i>Orbea lutea subsp. vaga</i>
                                             <i>Orbea maculata</i>
                                               <i>Orbea maculata subsp. maculata</i>
                                                     [Caralluma grandidens]
                                                     [Caralluma maculata]
                                             <i>Orbea melanantha</i>
                                                   [Caralluma melanantha]
                                             <i>Orbea orientalis</i>
                                                   [Orbea semota subsp. orientalis]
                                             <i>Orbea paradoxa</i>
                                                   [Stultitia paradoxa]
                                             <i>Orbea rogersii</i>
                                                   [Angolluma rogersii]
                                                   [Caralluma rogersii]
                                                   [Pachycymbium rogersii]
                                                   [Stapelia rogersii]
                                             <i>Orbea sacculata</i>
                                                   [Angolluma kochii]
                                                   [Angolluma sacculata]
                                                   [Caralluma kochii]
                                                   [Caralluma sacculata]
                                                   [Pachycymbium kochii]
                                                   [Pachycymbium sacculatum]
                                             <i>Orbea schweinfurthii</i>
                                                   [Angolluma schweinfurthii]
                                                   [Caralluma piaranthoides]
                                                   [Caralluma schweinfurthii]
                                                   [Pachycymbium schweinfurthii]
                                             <i>Orbea semitubiflora</i>
                                                   [Angolluma semitubiflora]
                                                   [Pachycymbium semitubiflorum]
                                             <i>Orbea semota</i>
                                                   [Stapelia discoidea]
                                                   [Stapelia kagerensis]
                                                   [Stapelia molonyae]
                                             <i>Orbea sprengeri</i>
                                                   [Angolluma sprengeri]
                                                   [Caralluma sprengeri]
                                                   [Huernia sprengeri]
                                                   [Pachycymbium sprengeri]
                                               <i>Orbea sprengeri subsp. commutata</i>
                                                     [Angolluma commutata]
                                                     [Caralluma commutata]
                                                     [Pachycymbium commutatum]
                                               <i>Orbea sprengeri subsp. foetida</i>
                                                     [Angolluma foetida]
                                                     [Caralluma sprengeri subsp. foetida]
                                                     [Pachycymbium sprengeri subsp. foetidum]
                                               <i>Orbea sprengeri subsp. ogadensis</i>
                                                     [Angolluma ogadensis]
                                                     [Caralluma sprengeri subsp. ogadensis]
                                                     [Pachycymbium sprengeri subsp. ogadense]
                                               <i>Orbea sprengeri subsp. sprengeri</i>
                                             <i>Orbea subterranea</i>
                                                   [Angolluma lenewtonii]
                                                   [Angolluma subterranea]
                                                   [Caralluma subterranea var. minutiflora]
                                                   [Caralluma subterranea]
                                                   [Pachycymbium baldratii subsp. subterraneum]
                                             <i>Orbea taitica</i>
                                                   [Angolluma doddsiae]
                                                   [Angolluma taitica]
                                             <i>Orbea tubiformis</i>
                                                   [Angolluma tubiformis]
                                                   [Caralluma tubiformis]
                                                   [Pachycymbium tubiforme]
                                             <i>Orbea umbracula</i>
                                                   [Stultitia umbracula]
                                             <i>Orbea valida</i>
                                               <i>Orbea valida subsp. valida</i>
                                                     [Caralluma valida]
                                                     [Orbeopsis valida]
                                             <i>Orbea variegata</i>
                                                   [Orbea bufonia]
                                             <i>Orbea vibratilis</i>
                                                   [Angolluma vibratilis]
                                                   [Caralluma vibratilis]
                                                   [Pachycymbium vibratilis]
                                             <i>Orbea wilsonii</i>
                                                   [Angolluma wilsonii]
                                                   [Caralluma wilsonii]
                                                   [Pachycymbium wilsonii]
                                     <i>Orbeopsis</i>
                                             <i>Orbeopsis lateritia</i>
                                                   [Caralluma lateritia]
                                                   [Caralluma vansonii]
                                             <i>Orbeopsis matabelensis</i>
                                             <i>Orbeopsis pseudonebrownii</i>
                                                   [Caralluma nebrownii var. pseudonebrownii]
                                                   [Caralluma pseudonebrownii]
                                               <i>Orbeopsis pseudonebrownii var. discolor</i>
                                                     [Caralluma nebrownii var. discolor]
                                             <i>Orbeopsis rubra</i>
                                             <i>Orbeopsis sousae</i>
                                                   [Caralluma melanantha var. sousae]
                                             <i>Orbeopsis vaga</i>
                                                   [Caralluma brownii]
                                                   [Caralluma hahnii]
                                                   [Caralluma lutea subsp. vaga]
                                                   [Caralluma vaga]
                                                   [Orbeopsis lutea subsp. vaga]
                                                   [Stapelia vaga]
                                     <i>Orchipeda</i>
                                     <i>Orthandra</i>
                                     <i>Orthanthera</i>
                                             <i>Orthanthera albida</i>
                                             <i>Orthanthera butayei</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia butayei]
                                             <i>Orthanthera gossweileri</i>
                                             <i>Orthanthera jasminiflora</i>
                                                   [Barrowia jasminiflora]
                                                   [Orthanthera browniana]
                                             <i>Orthanthera stricta</i>
                                             <i>Orthanthera viminea</i>
                                     <i>Orthopichonia</i>
                                             <i>Orthopichonia barteri</i>
                                                   [Clitandra barteri]
                                                   [Clitandra kabulu]
                                                   [Clitandra lacourtiana]
                                                   [Orthandra barteri]
                                                   [Orthandra lacourtiana]
                                                   [Orthopichonia lacourtiana]
                                             <i>Orthopichonia cirrhosa</i>
                                                   [Carpodinus cirilus]
                                                   [Carpodinus cirrhosa]
                                                   [Carpodinus cirrosa]
                                                   [Clitandra batesii]
                                                   [Clitandra cirrhosa]
                                                   [Orthandra batesii]
                                                   [Orthandra cirrhosa]
                                                   [Orthandra nigeriana]
                                                   [Orthopichonia batesii]
                                                   [Orthopichonia nigeriana]
                                             <i>Orthopichonia indeniensis</i>
                                                   [Clitandra eugenifolia]
                                                   [Clitandra indeniensis]
                                                   [Clitandra ivorensis]
                                                   [Clitandra longituba]
                                                   [Orthandra indeniensis]
                                                   [Orthandra longituba]
                                                   [Orthopichonia longituba]
                                             <i>Orthopichonia schweinfurthii</i>
                                                   [Clitandra mildbraedii]
                                                   [Clitandra schweinfurthii]
                                                   [Orthandra schweinfurthii]
                                             <i>Orthopichonia seretii</i>
                                                   [Clitandra seretii]
                                             <i>Orthopichonia visciflua</i>
                                                   [Clitandra schweinfurthii var. sclerophylla]
                                                   [Clitandra sclerophylla]
                                                   [Clitandra staudtii]
                                                   [Clitandra visciflua]
                                                   [Orthandra staudtii]
                                                   [Orthopichonia staudtii]
                                     <i>Orthosia</i>
                                             <i>Orthosia angustifolia</i>
                                                   [Orthosia kunthii]
                                             <i>Orthosia bonplandiana</i>
                                             <i>Orthosia congesta</i>
                                             <i>Orthosia cynanchoides</i>
                                             <i>Orthosia florida</i>
                                                   [Amphistelma aphyllum]
                                             <i>Orthosia glaberrima</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum glaberrimum]
                                             <i>Orthosia guilleminiana</i>
                                                   [Metastelma pallidum]
                                             <i>Orthosia melantha</i>
                                             <i>Orthosia misera</i>
                                             <i>Orthosia parviflora</i>
                                             <i>Orthosia pearcei</i>
                                                   [Amphistelma pearcei]
                                             <i>Orthosia pubescens</i>
                                                   [Astephanus pubescens]
                                                   [Metastelma pubescens]
                                             <i>Orthosia ramosa</i>
                                             <i>Orthosia rubens</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum rubens]
                                             <i>Orthosia scoparia</i>
                                                   [Amphistelma scoparium]
                                                   [Cynanchum fawcettii]
                                                   [Cynoctonum scoparium]
                                                   [Metastelma filiforme]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum scoparium]
                                             <i>Orthosia selloana</i>
                                                   [Amphistelma leptocarpa]
                                             <i>Orthosia smaragdina</i>
                                             <i>Orthosia subulata</i>
                                                   [Tassadia subulata]
                                             <i>Orthosia urceolata</i>
                                             <i>Orthosia virgata</i>
                                                   [Metastelma diffusum]
                                     <i>Otaria</i>
                                     <i>Oxypetalum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum alpinum</i>
                                               <i>Oxypetalum alpinum var. pallidum</i>
                                                     [Oxypetalum umbellatum]
                                             <i>Oxypetalum appendiculatum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum arachnoideum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum arnottianum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum attenuatum</i>
                                                   [Schistogyne attenuata]
                                             <i>Oxypetalum balansae</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum banksii</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum bellohorizontinum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum capitatum</i>
                                               <i>Oxypetalum capitatum subsp. angustum</i>
                                               <i>Oxypetalum capitatum subsp. mirabile</i>
                                                     [Oxypetalum hasslerianum]
                                                     [Oxypetalum proboscideum]
                                             <i>Oxypetalum chodatianum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum coccineum</i>
                                                   [Amblyopetalum coccineum]
                                             <i>Oxypetalum coeruleum</i>
                                                   [Tweedia coerulea]
                                             <i>Oxypetalum cordifolium</i>
                                                   [Oxypetalum riparium]
                                               <i>Oxypetalum cordifolium subsp. pedicellatum</i>
                                                     [Oxypetalum pedicellatum]
                                             <i>Oxypetalum corymbosum</i>
                                                   [Widgrenia corymbosa]
                                             <i>Oxypetalum crispum</i>
                                                   [Oxypetalum pratense]
                                             <i>Oxypetalum dombeyanum</i>
                                                   [Gothofreda dombeyana]
                                             <i>Oxypetalum dusenii</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum erectum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum erianthum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum flavopurpureum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum gracile</i>
                                                   [Gothofreda gracilis]
                                             <i>Oxypetalum jacobinae</i>
                                                   [Oxypetalum lagoense]
                                             <i>Oxypetalum karstenianum</i>
                                                   [Schistogyne decaisneana]
                                             <i>Oxypetalum lineare</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum macrolepis</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum malmei</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum marginatum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum mexiae</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum microphyllum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum molle</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum montanum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum mosenii</i>
                                                   [Calostigma mosenii]
                                             <i>Oxypetalum muticum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum obtusifolium</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum pachygynum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum pannosum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum parviflorum</i>
                                                   [Schizostemma parviflorum]
                                             <i>Oxypetalum pentasetum</i>
                                                   [Schistogyne pentaseta]
                                             <i>Oxypetalum pilosum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum pubescens</i>
                                                   [Schistogyne pubescens]
                                             <i>Oxypetalum schenckii</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum stipatum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum sublanatum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum suboppositum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum subriparium</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum tomentosum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum tubatum</i>
                                             <i>Oxypetalum wightianum</i>
                                     <i>Oxypteryx</i>
                                             <i>Oxypteryx curtissii</i>
                                     <i>Oxystelma</i>
                                             <i>Oxystelma bornouense</i>
                                                   [Oxystelma senegalense]
                                             <i>Oxystelma esculentum</i>
                                                   [Oxystelma alpini]
                                                   [Oxystelma esculentum var. alpini]
                                                   [Oxystelma secamone]
                                                   [Periploca esculenta]
                                             <i>Oxystelma wallichii</i>
                                                   [Sarcostemma esculentum]
                                     <i>Pachycarpus</i>
                                             <i>Pachycarpus bisacculatus</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus bisacculatus]
                                                   [Pachycarpus bullockii]
                                             <i>Pachycarpus chirindensis</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum chirindense]
                                             <i>Pachycarpus concolor</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus scaber]
                                                   [Pachycarpus rhinophyllus]
                                               <i>Pachycarpus concolor subsp. rhinophyllus</i>
                                                     [Gomphocarpus rhinophyllus]
                                                     [Gomphocarpus trachyphyllus]
                                             <i>Pachycarpus dealbatus</i>
                                             <i>Pachycarpus distinctus</i>
                                                   [Margaretta distincta]
                                                   [Schizoglossum distinctum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum scyphostigma]
                                                   [Schizoglossum xyphostigma]
                                             <i>Pachycarpus eximius</i>
                                                   [Asclepias eximia]
                                                   [Schizoglossum eximium]
                                             <i>Pachycarpus firmus</i>
                                                   [Asclepias firma]
                                                   [Schizoglossum firmum]
                                             <i>Pachycarpus goetzei</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum goetzei]
                                                   [Schizoglossum simulans]
                                             <i>Pachycarpus grandiflorus</i>
                                               <i>Pachycarpus grandiflorus subsp. grandiflorus</i>
                                                     [Gomphocarpus grandiflorus]
                                             <i>Pachycarpus grantii</i>
                                               <i>Pachycarpus grantii subsp. grantii</i>
                                                     [Asclepias grantii]
                                                     [Gomphocarpus grantii]
                                                     [Schizoglossum grantii]
                                               <i>Pachycarpus grantii subsp. marroninus</i>
                                             <i>Pachycarpus lineolatus</i>
                                                   [Asclepias browniana]
                                                   [Asclepias conspicua]
                                                   [Asclepias lineolata]
                                                   [Asclepias lineolatus]
                                                   [Asclepias schweinfurthii]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus lineolatus]
                                                   [Pachycarpus mildbraedii]
                                                   [Pachycarpus schweinfurthii]
                                             <i>Pachycarpus medusonema</i>
                                             <i>Pachycarpus pachyglossus</i>
                                             <i>Pachycarpus petherickianus</i>
                                                   [Asclepias petherickiana var. cordatum]
                                                   [Asclepias petherickiana]
                                                   [Pachycarpus schumannii]
                                                   [Pachycarpus terminans]
                                                   [Schizoglossum petherickianum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum thorbeckii]
                                             <i>Pachycarpus richardsiae</i>
                                             <i>Pachycarpus robustus</i>
                                                   [Asclepias robusta]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus drepanostephanus]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus robustus]
                                             <i>Pachycarpus scaber</i>
                                             <i>Pachycarpus schinzianus</i>
                                                   [Asclepias schinziana]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus schinzianus]
                                             <i>Pachycarpus spurius</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum dolichoglossum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum spurium]
                                                   [Xysmalobium dolichoglossum]
                                                   [Xysmalobium spurium]
                                             <i>Pachycarpus vexillaris</i>
                                     <i>Pachycymbium</i>
                                             <i>Pachycymbium abayense</i>
                                                   [Angolluma abayensis]
                                                   [Caralluma abayensis]
                                             <i>Pachycymbium baldratii</i>
                                     <i>Pachypodium</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium ambongense</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium baronii</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium bispinosum</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium brevicaule</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium decaryi</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium densiflorum</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium eburneum</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium geayi</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium horombense</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium inopinatum</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium lamerei</i>
                                                   [Pachypodium menabeum]
                                             <i>Pachypodium lealii</i>
                                                   [Pachypodium giganteum]
                                               <i>Pachypodium lealii subsp. lealii</i>
                                               <i>Pachypodium lealii subsp. saundersii</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium meridionale</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium mikea</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium namaquanum</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium rosulatum</i>
                                               <i>Pachypodium rosulatum subsp. bemaharense</i>
                                               <i>Pachypodium rosulatum subsp. bicolor</i>
                                               <i>Pachypodium rosulatum subsp. cactipes</i>
                                               <i>Pachypodium rosulatum subsp. gracilius</i>
                                               <i>Pachypodium rosulatum subsp. makayense</i>
                                               <i>Pachypodium rosulatum subsp. rostulatum</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium rutenbergianum</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium sagittatum</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium saundersii</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium sofiense</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium succulentum</i>
                                             <i>Pachypodium windsorii</i>
                                                   [Pachypodium baronii var. windsorii]
                                             <i>Pachypodium x hojnyi</i>
                                     <i>Pacouria</i>
                                             <i>Pacouria boliviensis</i>
                                             <i>Pacouria guianensis</i>
                                     <i>Pagiantha</i>
                                             <i>Pagiantha koroana</i>
                                     <i>Pala</i>
                                     <i>Parahancornia</i>
                                             <i>Parahancornia fasciculata</i>
                                                   [Parahancornia amapa]
                                             <i>Parahancornia krukovii</i>
                                             <i>Parahancornia negroensis</i>
                                             <i>Parahancornia oblonga</i>
                                             <i>Parahancornia peruviana</i>
                                             <i>Parahancornia surrogata</i>
                                     <i>Paralstonia</i>
                                     <i>Parameria</i>
                                             <i>Parameria laevigata</i>
                                                   [Echites barbatus]
                                     <i>Paravallaris</i>
                                             <i>Paravallaris laurifolia</i>
                                     <i>Parquetina</i>
                                     <i>Parsonsia</i>
                                               <i>Cuphea parsonsia var. grisebachiana</i>
                                                     [Cuphea grisebachiana]
                                             <i>Parsonsia affinis</i>
                                             <i>Parsonsia alboflavescens</i>
                                                   [Parsonsia helicandra]
                                                   [Parsonsia laevigata]
                                                   [Parsonsia longipedunculata]
                                             <i>Parsonsia balsamona</i>
                                             <i>Parsonsia brownii</i>
                                             <i>Parsonsia buruensis</i>
                                             <i>Parsonsia capsularis</i>
                                               <i>Parsonsia capsularis var. grandiflora</i>
                                               <i>Parsonsia capsularis var. ochracea</i>
                                             <i>Parsonsia confusa</i>
                                                   [Parsonsia spiralis]
                                             <i>Parsonsia cumingiana</i>
                                             <i>Parsonsia curvisepala</i>
                                             <i>Parsonsia eucalyptophylla</i>
                                                   [Parsonsia eucalyptifolia]
                                             <i>Parsonsia heterophylla</i>
                                             <i>Parsonsia largiflorens</i>
                                             <i>Parsonsia lata</i>
                                             <i>Parsonsia lythroides</i>
                                             <i>Parsonsia micrantha</i>
                                             <i>Parsonsia oligantha</i>
                                             <i>Parsonsia parsonsia</i>
                                             <i>Parsonsia sanguinea</i>
                                               <i>Parsonsia sanguinea var. brassii</i>
                                                     [Parsonsia brassii]
                                             <i>Parsonsia straminea</i>
                                                   [Lyonsia reticulata]
                                                   [Parsonsia reticulata]
                                             <i>Parsonsia velutina</i>
                                             <i>Parsonsia ventricosa</i>
                                             <i>Parsonsia warenensis</i>
                                     <i>Pattalias</i>
                                             <i>Pattalias palustre</i>
                                             <i>Pattalias palustris</i>
                                                   [Metastelma palustre]
                                     <i>Peltastes</i>
                                             <i>Peltastes giganteus</i>
                                                   [Peltastes ampliflorus]
                                             <i>Peltastes peltatus</i>
                                     <i>Pentacyphus</i>
                                     <i>Pentagonanthus</i>
                                             <i>Pentagonanthus sudanica</i>
                                     <i>Pentalinon</i>
                                             <i>Pentalinon andrieuxii</i>
                                             <i>Pentalinon luteum</i>
                                                   [Echites andrewsii]
                                                   [Echites jamaicensis]
                                                   [Echites neriandrus]
                                                   [Urechites andrewsii]
                                                   [Urechites dolichantha]
                                                   [Urechites luteus var. sericeus]
                                                   [Urechites luteus]
                                                   [Urechites suberectus]
                                     <i>Pentarrhinum</i>
                                             <i>Pentarrhinum abyssinicum</i>
                                             <i>Pentarrhinum balense</i>
                                             <i>Pentarrhinum gonoloboides</i>
                                             <i>Pentarrhinum insipidum</i>
                                             <i>Pentarrhinum ledermannii</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum ledermannii]
                                             <i>Pentarrhinum somaliense</i>
                                     <i>Pentasachme</i>
                                             <i>Pentasachme caudatum</i>
                                     <i>Pentasacme</i>
                                             <i>Pentasacme caudatum</i>
                                                   [Pentasacme championii]
                                     <i>Pentatropis</i>
                                             <i>Pentatropis bentii</i>
                                                   [Strobopetalum bentii]
                                             <i>Pentatropis microphylla</i>
                                             <i>Pentatropis nivalis</i>
                                                   [Asclepias forskalii]
                                                   [Asclepias nivalis]
                                                   [Pentatropis madagascariensis]
                                                   [Tylophora cirrosa]
                                               <i>Pentatropis nivalis subsp. madagascariensis</i>
                                               <i>Pentatropis nivalis subsp. nivalis</i>
                                                     [Pentatropis cynanchoides]
                                             <i>Pentatropis pierrei</i>
                                     <i>Peplonia</i>
                                           [Gonioanthela]
                                             <i>Peplonia asteria</i>
                                             <i>Peplonia axillaris</i>
                                                   [Gonioanthela axillaris]
                                                   [Gonioanthela odorata]
                                     <i>Pergularia</i>
                                             <i>Pergularia adenophylla</i>
                                             <i>Pergularia africana</i>
                                             <i>Pergularia daemia</i>
                                                   [Doemia extensa]
                                               <i>Pergularia daemia subsp. barbata</i>
                                                     [Daemia barbata]
                                                     [Pergularia barbata]
                                               <i>Pergularia daemia subsp. daemia</i>
                                                     [Asclepias convolvulacea]
                                                     [Asclepias daemia]
                                                     [Asclepias muricata]
                                                     [Asclepias scandens]
                                                     [Cynanchum extensum]
                                                     [Daemia aethiopica]
                                                     [Daemia extensa]
                                                     [Pergularia daemia var. macrantha]
                                                     [Pergularia extensa]
                                               <i>Pergularia daemia subsp. garipensis</i>
                                             <i>Pergularia glabra</i>
                                                   [Asclepias glabra]
                                                   [Daemia glabra]
                                             <i>Pergularia tomentosa</i>
                                                   [Asclepias cordata]
                                                   [Daemia cordata]
                                                   [Daemia tomentosa]
                                     <i>Periglossum</i>
                                             <i>Periglossum angustifolium</i>
                                     <i>Perinerion</i>
                                     <i>Periploca</i>
                                             <i>Periploca aphylla</i>
                                               <i>Periploca aphylla subsp. aphylla</i>
                                               <i>Periploca aphylla subsp. laxiflora</i>
                                                     [Periploca aphylla var. laxiflora]
                                             <i>Periploca calophylla</i>
                                             <i>Periploca chevalieri</i>
                                                   [Periploca laevigata subsp. chevalieri]
                                             <i>Periploca forrestii</i>
                                             <i>Periploca graeca</i>
                                             <i>Periploca hydaspidis</i>
                                             <i>Periploca laevigata</i>
                                               <i>Periploca laevigata subsp. angustifolia</i>
                                                     [Periploca angustifolia]
                                             <i>Periploca linearifolia</i>
                                                   [Periploca linearis]
                                             <i>Periploca nigrescens</i>
                                             <i>Periploca refractifolia</i>
                                             <i>Periploca sepium</i>
                                             <i>Periploca somaliense</i>
                                                   [Periploca brevicoronata]
                                             <i>Periploca visciformis</i>
                                                   [Leptadenia ephedriformis]
                                                   [Leptadenia visciformis]
                                                   [Periploca ephedriformis]
                                                   [Periploca visciformis var. glabra]
                                                   [Socotora aphylla]
                              Periplocoideae
                                     <i>Camptocarpus</i>
                                             <i>Camptocarpus acuminatus</i>
                                             <i>Camptocarpus mauritianus</i>
                                     <i>Finlaysonia</i>
                                             <i>Finlaysonia obovata</i>
                                     <i>Ischnolepis</i>
                                             <i>Ischnolepis graminifolia</i>
                                     <i>Myriopteron</i>
                                             <i>Myriopteron extensum</i>
                                     <i>Pentopetia</i>
                                           [Gonocrypta]
                                             <i>Pentopetia grevei</i>
                                                   [Gonocrypta grevei]
                                             <i>Pentopetia urceolata</i>
                                     <i>Phyllanthera</i>
                                     <i>Perithrix</i>
                                     <i>Peschiera</i>
                                             <i>Peschiera australis</i>
                                             <i>Peschiera cymosa</i>
                                             <i>Peschiera psychotriifolia</i>
                                     <i>Petalostelma</i>
                                     <i>Petchia</i>
                                             <i>Petchia africana</i>
                                             <i>Petchia ceylanica</i>
                                             <i>Petchia cryptophlebia</i>
                                             <i>Petchia erythrocarpa</i>
                                             <i>Petchia madagascariensis</i>
                                     <i>Pherotrichis</i>
                                             <i>Pherotrichis leptogenia</i>
                                             <i>Pherotrichis schaffneri</i>
                                             <i>Pherotrichis villosa</i>
                                                   [Gonolobus pogonanthus]
                                     <i>Philibertella</i>
                                     <i>Philibertia</i>
                                             <i>Philibertia albiflora</i>
                                             <i>Philibertia barbata</i>
                                                   [Mitostigma barbatum]
                                             <i>Philibertia boliviensis</i>
                                                   [Mitostigma boliviense]
                                             <i>Philibertia campanulata</i>
                                                   [Philibertia splendens]
                                             <i>Philibertia candolleana</i>
                                             <i>Philibertia gilliesii</i>
                                                   [Oxystelma gilliesii]
                                                   [Philibertia gilliesii var. gracilis]
                                                   [Philibertia gracilis]
                                                   [Philibertia obtusiuscula]
                                                   [Sarcostemma solanoides]
                                             <i>Philibertia linearis</i>
                                               <i>Philibertia linearis var. heterophylla</i>
                                               <i>Philibertia linearis var. hirtella</i>
                                             <i>Philibertia lysimachioides</i>
                                                   [Sarcostemma lysimachioides]
                                             <i>Philibertia nivea</i>
                                                   [Mitostigma niveum]
                                             <i>Philibertia palmeri</i>
                                             <i>Philibertia pavoni</i>
                                             <i>Philibertia solanoides</i>
                                                   [Oxystelma solanoides]
                                                   [Sarcostemma gilliesii]
                                             <i>Philibertia stipitata</i>
                                     <i>Piaggiaea</i>
                                     <i>Piaranthus</i>
                                             <i>Piaranthus parvulus</i>
                                     <i>Picralima</i>
                                             <i>Picralima nitida</i>
                                                   [Picralima klaineana]
                                                   [Picralima macrocarpa]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana nitida]
                                     <i>Pinochia</i>
                                             <i>Pinochia corymbosa</i>
                                               <i>Pinochia corymbosa subsp. portoricensis</i>
                                             <i>Pinochia floribunda</i>
                                                   [Forsteronia floribunda]
                                             <i>Pinochia monteverdensis</i>
                                                   [Forsteronia monteverdensis]
                                             <i>Pinochia peninsularis</i>
                                                   [Forsteronia peninsularis]
                                     <i>Piptolaena</i>
                                     <i>Pleiocarpa</i>
                                             <i>Pleiocarpa bicarpellata</i>
                                                   [Hunteria ambiens]
                                             <i>Pleiocarpa brevistyla</i>
                                             <i>Pleiocarpa hockii</i>
                                             <i>Pleiocarpa mutica</i>
                                                   [Hunteria pleiocarpa]
                                                   [Pleiocarpa bakueana]
                                                   [Pleiocarpa salicifolia]
                                                   [Pleiocarpa ternata]
                                                   [Pleiocarpa tricarpellata]
                                             <i>Pleiocarpa picralimoides</i>
                                                   [Carpodinopsis picralimoides]
                                             <i>Pleiocarpa pycnantha</i>
                                                   [Hunteria breviloba]
                                                   [Hunteria pycmaniha]
                                                   [Hunteria pycnantha]
                                                   [Pleiocarpa bagshawei]
                                                   [Pleiocarpa breviloba]
                                                   [Pleiocarpa flavescens]
                                                   [Pleiocarpa micrantha]
                                                   [Pleiocarpa microcarpa]
                                                   [Pleiocarpa pycnantha var. tubicina]
                                                   [Pleiocarpa swynnertonii]
                                                   [Pleiocarpa tubicina]
                                                   [Pleiocarpa welwitschii]
                                             <i>Pleiocarpa robusta</i>
                                             <i>Pleiocarpa rostrata</i>
                                                   [Carpodinopsis rostrata]
                                                   [Carpodinopsis talbotii]
                                                   [Carpodinopsis uniflora]
                                                   [Hunteria rostrata]
                                                   [Pleiocarpa talbotii]
                                             <i>Pleiocarpa simii</i>
                                     <i>Pleioceras</i>
                                             <i>Pleioceras afzelii</i>
                                                   [Pleioceras whytei]
                                                   [Wrightia afzelii]
                                             <i>Pleioceras barteri</i>
                                                   [Wrightia parviflora]
                                             <i>Pleioceras gilletii</i>
                                                   [Pleioceras glaberrima]
                                                   [Pleioceras stapfiana]
                                             <i>Pleioceras orientale</i>
                                             <i>Pleioceras zenkeri</i>
                                                   [Pleioceras oblonga]
                                                   [Pleioceras talbotii]
                                     <i>Pleuralluma</i>
                                             <i>Pleuralluma lamellosa</i>
                                                   [Caralluma lamellosa]
                                     <i>Pleuranthemum</i>
                                     <i>Pleurostelma</i>
                                     <i>Plumeria</i>
                                             <i>Plumeria acutifolia</i>
                                             <i>Plumeria alba</i>
                                             <i>Plumeria caracasana</i>
                                             <i>Plumeria clusioides</i>
                                             <i>Plumeria emarginata</i>
                                             <i>Plumeria filifolia</i>
                                                   [Plumeria stenophylla]
                                             <i>Plumeria inodora</i>
                                             <i>Plumeria lanata</i>
                                             <i>Plumeria magna</i>
                                             <i>Plumeria marchii</i>
                                             <i>Plumeria montana</i>
                                             <i>Plumeria obtusa</i>
                                                   [Plumeria barahonensis]
                                                   [Plumeria confusa]
                                                   [Plumeria inaguensis]
                                                   [Plumeria jamaicensis]
                                                   [Plumeria obtusa var. laevis]
                                                   [Plumeria obtusa var. parviflora]
                                               <i>Plumeria obtusa var. obtusa</i>
                                                     [Plumeria krugii]
                                                     [Plumeria portoricensis]
                                               <i>Plumeria obtusa var. sericifolia</i>
                                                     [Plumeria multiflora]
                                             <i>Plumeria pudica</i>
                                             <i>Plumeria rubra</i>
                                                   [Plumeria acuminata]
                                                   [Plumeria jamesonii]
                                                   [Plumeria lutea]
                                                   [Plumeria megaphylla]
                                                   [Plumeria mexicana]
                                                   [Plumeria mollis]
                                                   [Plumeria rubra f. acuminata]
                                                   [Plumeria rubra f. acutifolia]
                                                   [Plumeria rubra f. lutea]
                                                   [Plumeria rubra f. tricolor]
                                                   [Plumeria tricolor]
                                               <i>Plumeria rubra var. acutifolia</i>
                                             <i>Plumeria sericifolia</i>
                                             <i>Plumeria subsessilis</i>
                                                   [Plumeria jaegeri]
                                             <i>Plumeria tuberculata</i>
                                     <i>Plumeriopsis</i>
                                     <i>Poacynum</i>
                                             <i>Poacynum lancifolium</i>
                                                   [Apocynum lancifolium]
                                             <i>Poacynum pictum</i>
                                                   [Apocynum grandiflorum]
                                                   [Apocynum hendersonii]
                                                   [Apocynum pictum]
                                             <i>Poacynum russanovii</i>
                                                   [Apocynum russanovii]
                                             <i>Poacynum sarmatiense</i>
                                                   [Trachomitum sarmatiense]
                                             <i>Poacynum scabrum</i>
                                                   [Apocynum scabrum]
                                                   [Trachomitum scabrum]
                                             <i>Poacynum venetum</i>
                                                   [Trachomitum venetum]
                                     <i>Podostelma</i>
                                     <i>Podostemma</i>
                                     <i>Podostigma</i>
                                             <i>Podostigma pedicellata</i>
                                     <i>Poicilla</i>
                                     <i>Polyadoa</i>
                                     <i>Polyotus</i>
                                             <i>Polyotus angustifolius</i>
                                     <i>Polystemma</i>
                                             <i>Polystemma canisferum</i>
                                             <i>Polystemma cordatum</i>
                                                   [Matelea cordata]
                                             <i>Polystemma cordifolium</i>
                                                   [Matelea cordifolia]
                                                   [Rothrockia cordifolia]
                                             <i>Polystemma guatemalense</i>
                                                   [Matelea hintoniana]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum quirosii]
                                             <i>Polystemma mirandae</i>
                                             <i>Polystemma viridiflora</i>
                                                   [Polystemma rupestre]
                                                   [Polystemma scopulorum]
                                             <i>Polystemma viridiflorum</i>
                                     <i>Pottsia</i>
                                             <i>Pottsia cantonensis</i>
                                             <i>Pottsia laxiflora</i>
                                                   [Parsonsia ovata]
                                     <i>Prestonia</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia agglutinata</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia amabilis</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia amanuensis</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia annularis</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia bahiensis</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia calycina</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia cayennensis</i>
                                                   [Prestonia marginata]
                                             <i>Prestonia clandestina</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia coalita</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia concolor</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia dusenii</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia erecta</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia exerta</i>
                                                   [Prestonia gracilis]
                                             <i>Prestonia exserta</i>
                                                   [Haemadictyon exsertum]
                                                   [Prestonia fendleri]
                                                   [Prestonia tobagensis]
                                                   [Prestonia velutina]
                                             <i>Prestonia guatemalensis</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia hassleri</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia ipomaeifolia</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia lagoensis</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia lenticellata</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia longifolia</i>
                                                   [Belandra concolor]
                                                   [Echites longifolius]
                                             <i>Prestonia mexicana</i>
                                                   [Echites conglobatus]
                                                   [Haemadictyon mexicanum]
                                                   [Prestonia allenii]
                                                   [Prestonia longituba]
                                                   [Prestonia wedelii]
                                             <i>Prestonia mollis</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia parviflora</i>
                                                   [Prestonia mucronata]
                                             <i>Prestonia plumeriifolia</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia plumierifolia</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia portobellensis</i>
                                                   [Prestonia macrocarpa]
                                             <i>Prestonia quinquangularis</i>
                                                   [Echites bangii]
                                                   [Echites laurentiae-disca]
                                                   [Echites quinquangularis]
                                                   [Haemadictyon venosum]
                                                   [Prestonia acutifolia]
                                             <i>Prestonia riedelii</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia riverae</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia rotundifolia</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia schippii</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia seemannii</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia solanifolia</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia speciosa</i>
                                                   [Prestonia grandiflora]
                                             <i>Prestonia succo</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia surinamensis</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia tomentosa</i>
                                             <i>Prestonia trifida</i>
                                                   [Prestonia obovata]
                                             <i>Prestonia vaupesana</i>
                                     <i>Prosthecidiscus</i>
                                     <i>Protogabunia</i>
                                     <i>Pseudolachnostoma</i>
                                             <i>Pseudolachnostoma brasiliense</i>
                                                   [Matelea brasiliensis]
                                             <i>Pseudolachnostoma cynanchiflorum</i>
                                                   [Matelea cynanchiflora]
                                             <i>Pseudolachnostoma reflexum</i>
                                                   [Matelea reflexa]
                                     <i>Pseudolithos</i>
                                             <i>Pseudolithos caput-viperae</i>
                                             <i>Pseudolithos cubiformis</i>
                                                   [Lithocaulon cubiforme]
                                                   [Pseudolithos cubiformis var. viridiflorus]
                                             <i>Pseudolithos dodsonianus</i>
                                                   [Anomalluma dodsoniana]
                                                   [Caralluma dodsoniana]
                                             <i>Pseudolithos gigas</i>
                                             <i>Pseudolithos harardheranus</i>
                                             <i>Pseudolithos horwoodii</i>
                                             <i>Pseudolithos migiurtinus</i>
                                                   [Lithocaulon sphaericum]
                                                   [Pseudolithos sphaericus]
                                                   [Whitesloanea migiurtina]
                                     <i>Pseudomarsdenia</i>
                                     <i>Pseudopectinaria</i>
                                     <i>Pteralyxia</i>
                                             <i>Pteralyxia caumiana</i>
                                             <i>Pteralyxia kauaiensis</i>
                                             <i>Pteralyxia laurifolia</i>
                                             <i>Pteralyxia macrocarpa</i>
                                     <i>Pterophora</i>
                                     <i>Pterotaberna</i>
                                     <i>Pterygocarpus</i>
                                     <i>Pulassarium</i>
                                             <i>Pulassarium leucogyne</i>
                                     <i>Pycnobotrya</i>
                                             <i>Pycnobotrya nitida</i>
                                                   [Pycnobotrya multiflora]
                                     <i>Pycnostelma</i>
                                             <i>Pycnostelma paniculatum</i>
                                     <i>Quiotania</i>
                                             <i>Quiotania amazonica</i>
                                     <i>Raphiacme</i>
                                     <i>Raphionacme</i>
                                             <i>Raphionacme angolensis</i>
                                                   [Raphiacme angolensis]
                                                   [Raphionacme kubangensis]
                                                   [Raphionacme pachyodon]
                                                   [Zaczatea angolensis]
                                             <i>Raphionacme borenensis</i>
                                             <i>Raphionacme brownii</i>
                                                   [Raphionacme baguirmiensis]
                                                   [Raphionacme brownii var. longifolia]
                                             <i>Raphionacme caerulea</i>
                                                   [Pentagonanthus caeruleus]
                                                   [Raphionacme sudanica]
                                             <i>Raphionacme chimanimaniana</i>
                                             <i>Raphionacme flanaganii</i>
                                             <i>Raphionacme globosa</i>
                                                   [Raphiacme globosa]
                                                   [Raphionacme virgultorum]
                                             <i>Raphionacme grandiflora</i>
                                                   [Pentagonanthus grandiflorus subsp. glabrescens]
                                                   [Pentagonanthus grandiflorus subsp. grandiflorus]
                                                   [Pentagonanthus grandiflorus]
                                                   [Raphionacme grandiflora subsp. glabrescens]
                                             <i>Raphionacme hirsuta</i>
                                             <i>Raphionacme inconspicua</i>
                                             <i>Raphionacme keayii</i>
                                             <i>Raphionacme lanceolata</i>
                                                   [Raphionacme lanceolata var. latifolia]
                                             <i>Raphionacme linearis</i>
                                                   [Raphiacme linearis]
                                                   [Raphionacme linearis var. glabra]
                                             <i>Raphionacme longifolia</i>
                                                   [Raphiacme longifolia]
                                                   [Raphionacme decolor]
                                             <i>Raphionacme longituba</i>
                                                   [Raphionacme ernstiana]
                                             <i>Raphionacme lucens</i>
                                             <i>Raphionacme madiensis</i>
                                                   [Raphionacme wilczekiana]
                                             <i>Raphionacme michelii</i>
                                                   [Raphionacme gossweileri]
                                             <i>Raphionacme moyalica</i>
                                             <i>Raphionacme palustris</i>
                                             <i>Raphionacme procumbens</i>
                                             <i>Raphionacme pulchella</i>
                                             <i>Raphionacme splendens</i>
                                                   [Raphionacme excisa]
                                               <i>Raphionacme splendens subsp. bingeri</i>
                                                     [Brachystelma bingeri]
                                                     [Raphionacme bagshawei]
                                                     [Raphionacme bingeri]
                                                     [Raphionacme daronii]
                                               <i>Raphionacme splendens subsp. splendens</i>
                                                     [Raphionacme jurensis]
                                             <i>Raphionacme sylvicola</i>
                                             <i>Raphionacme utilis</i>
                                             <i>Raphionacme velutina</i>
                                             <i>Raphionacme vignei</i>
                                             <i>Raphionacme welwitschii</i>
                                                   [Raphionacme denticulata]
                                                   [Raphionacme verdickii]
                                                   [Zucchellia angolensis]
                                     <i>Rauvolfia</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia Weddeliana</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia andina</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia aphlebia</i>
                                                   [Rauvolfia sarapiquensis]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana aphlebia]
                                             <i>Rauvolfia biauriculata</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia caffra</i>
                                                   [Rauvolfia caffra var. natalensis]
                                                   [Rauvolfia goetzei]
                                                   [Rauvolfia inebrians]
                                                   [Rauvolfia leucopoda]
                                                   [Rauvolfia macrophylla]
                                                   [Rauvolfia mayombensis]
                                                   [Rauvolfia natalensis]
                                                   [Rauvolfia obliquinervis]
                                                   [Rauvolfia ochrosioides]
                                                   [Rauvolfia oxyphylla]
                                                   [Rauvolfia tchibangensis]
                                                   [Rauvolfia welwitschii]
                                             <i>Rauvolfia chinensis</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia cubana</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia densiflora</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia grandiflora</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia javanica</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia lamarckii</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia leptophylla</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia letouzeyi</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia ligustrina</i>
                                                   [Rauvolfia alphonsiana]
                                                   [Rauvolfia indecora]
                                                   [Rauvolfia parvifolia]
                                                   [Rauvolfia ternifolia]
                                             <i>Rauvolfia littoralis</i>
                                                   [Rauvolfia macrocarpa]
                                             <i>Rauvolfia macrantha</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia mannii</i>
                                                   [Rauvolfia cardiocarpa]
                                                   [Rauvolfia cumminsii]
                                                   [Rauvolfia ivorensis]
                                                   [Rauvolfia liberiensis]
                                                   [Rauvolfia longiacuminata]
                                                   [Rauvolfia obscura]
                                                   [Rauvolfia preussii]
                                                   [Rauvolfia rosea]
                                             <i>Rauvolfia media</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia mollis</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia mombasiana</i>
                                                   [Rauvolfia monopyrena]
                                                   [Rauvolfia sambesiaca]
                                             <i>Rauvolfia nana</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia nitida</i>
                                                   [Rauvolfia lanceolata]
                                             <i>Rauvolfia paraensis</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia paucifolia</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia pentaphylla</i>
                                                   [Rauvolfia duckei]
                                             <i>Rauvolfia praecox</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia purpurascens</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia salicifolia</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia samarensis</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia sandwicensis</i>
                                                   [Rauvolfia degeneri]
                                                   [Rauvolfia forbesii]
                                                   [Rauvolfia helleri]
                                                   [Rauvolfia mauiensis]
                                                   [Rauvolfia molokaiensis var. parvifolia]
                                                   [Rauvolfia molokaiensis]
                                                   [Rauvolfia remotiflora]
                                                   [Rauvolfia sandwicensis var. sandwicensis]
                                                   [Rauvolfia sandwicensis var. subacuminata]
                                                   [Rauvolfia sandwicensis var. subcuminata]
                                             <i>Rauvolfia schuelii</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia sellowii</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia semperflorens</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia serpentina</i>
                                                   [Ophioxylon serpentinum]
                                             <i>Rauvolfia sprucei</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia sumatrana</i>
                                             <i>Rauvolfia tetraphylla</i>
                                                   [Rauvolfia canescens]
                                                   [Rauvolfia heterophylla]
                                                   [Rauvolfia hirsuta]
                                                   [Rauvolfia latifolia var. minor]
                                                   [Rauvolfia tomentosa]
                                             <i>Rauvolfia verticillata</i>
                                                   [Rauvolfia latifrons]
                                                   [Rauvolfia perakensis]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana ophiorrhizoides]
                                             <i>Rauvolfia viridis</i>
                                                   [Rauvolfia latifolia]
                                             <i>Rauvolfia volkensii</i>
                                                   [Rauvolfia faucium]
                                                   [Rauvolfia oreogiton]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana volkensii]
                                             <i>Rauvolfia vomitoria</i>
                                                   [Rauvolfia congolana]
                                                   [Rauvolfia dichotoma]
                                                   [Rauvolfia pleiosiadica]
                                                   [Rauvolfia senegambiae]
                                                   [Rauvolfia stuhlmannii]
                                             <i>Rauvolfia woodsoniana</i>
                              Rauvolfioideae
                                     <i>Craspidospermum</i>
                                             <i>Craspidospermum verticillatum</i>
                                     <i>Kamettia</i>
                                             <i>Kamettia chandeei</i>
                                     <i>Plectaneia</i>
                                             <i>Plectaneia thouarsii</i>
                                     <i>Tabernanthe</i>
                                             <i>Tabernanthe elliptica</i>
                                                   [Daturicarpa elliptica]
                                                   [Daturicarpa firmula]
                                                   [Daturicarpa lanceolata]
                                             <i>Tabernanthe iboga</i>
                                                   [Iboga vateriana]
                                                   [Tabernanthe albiflora]
                                                   [Tabernanthe bocca]
                                                   [Tabernanthe mannii]
                                                   [Tabernanthe pubescens]
                                                   [Tabernanthe subsessilis]
                                                   [Tabernanthe tenuiflora]
                                     <i>Rejoua</i>
                                             <i>Rejoua dichotoma</i>
                                     <i>Rhabdadenia</i>
                                             <i>Rhabdadenia biflora</i>
                                                   [Echites paludosus]
                                                   [Rhabdadenia cordata]
                                             <i>Rhabdadenia corallicola</i>
                                             <i>Rhabdadenia macrostoma</i>
                                             <i>Rhabdadenia paludosa</i>
                                             <i>Rhabdadenia pohlii</i>
                                             <i>Rhabdadenia ragonesei</i>
                                             <i>Rhabdadenia sagraei</i>
                                     <i>Rhazya</i>
                                             <i>Rhazya stricta</i>
                                     <i>Rhigospira</i>
                                             <i>Rhigospira quadrangularis</i>
                                     <i>Rhodocalyx</i>
                                             <i>Rhodocalyx riedelii</i>
                                             <i>Rhodocalyx rotundifolius</i>
                                     <i>Rhynchodia</i>
                                     <i>Rhynchostigma</i>
                                     <i>Rhytidocaulon</i>
                                             <i>Rhytidocaulon baricum</i>
                                             <i>Rhytidocaulon paradoxum</i>
                                             <i>Rhytidocaulon piliferum</i>
                                             <i>Rhytidocaulon richardianum</i>
                                             <i>Rhytidocaulon scandens</i>
                                             <i>Rhytidocaulon specksii</i>
                                             <i>Rhytidocaulon subscandens</i>
                                     <i>Riocreuxia</i>
                                             <i>Riocreuxia chrysochroma</i>
                                             <i>Riocreuxia polyantha</i>
                                                   [Ceropegia burchellii subsp. profusa]
                                                   [Ceropegia burchellii]
                                                   [Riocreuxia burchellii]
                                                   [Riocreuxia profusa]
                                             <i>Riocreuxia splendida</i>
                                             <i>Riocreuxia torulosa</i>
                                     <i>Rojasia</i>
                                     <i>Rothrockia</i>
                                           [Patinoa]
                                             <i>Rothrockia fruticosa</i>
                                             <i>Rothrockia umbellata</i>
                                     <i>Rouliniella</i>
                                     <i>Roupellia</i>
                                     <i>Saba</i>
                                             <i>Saba comorensis</i>
                                                   [Landolphia comorensis var. florida]
                                                   [Landolphia comorensis]
                                                   [Landolphia florida var. leiantha]
                                                   [Landolphia florida]
                                                   [Landolphia martreti]
                                                   [Pacouria florida]
                                                   [Saba comorensis var. florida]
                                                   [Saba florida]
                                                   [Vahea comorensis]
                                                   [Vahea florida]
                                             <i>Saba senegalensis</i>
                                                   [Landolphia florida var. senegalensis]
                                                   [Landolphia senegalensis var. genuina]
                                                   [Landolphia senegalensis var. glabriflora]
                                                   [Saba senegalensis var. glabriflora]
                                                   [Vahea senegalensis]
                                             <i>Saba thompsonii</i>
                                                   [Landolphia thompsonii]
                                     <i>Sacleuxia</i>
                                             <i>Sacleuxia newii</i>
                                                   [Cryptolepis newii]
                                                   [Gymnolaema newii]
                                                   [Macropelma angustifolium]
                                                   [Sacleuxia salicina]
                                             <i>Sacleuxia tuberosa</i>
                                                   [Gymnolaema tuberosa]
                                     <i>Sanguilluma</i>
                                     <i>Sarcocodon</i>
                                     <i>Sarcocyphula</i>
                                     <i>Sarcolobus</i>
                                             <i>Sarcolobus borneensis</i>
                                             <i>Sarcolobus globosus</i>
                                             <i>Sarcolobus luzonensis</i>
                                                   [Dorystephania luzonensis]
                                             <i>Sarcolobus retusus</i>
                                                   [Sarcolobus sulphureus]
                                     <i>Sarcopharyngia</i>
                                     <i>Sarcorrhiza</i>
                                             <i>Sarcorrhiza epiphytica</i>
                                     <i>Sarcostemma</i>
                                             <i>Sarcostemma viminale</i>
                                     <i>Sattadia</i>
                                     <i>Saurolluma</i>
                                     <i>Schistogyne</i>
                                             <i>Schistogyne mosenii</i>
                                             <i>Schistogyne sylvestris</i>
                                     <i>Schistonema</i>
                                     <i>Schizoglossum</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum aschersonianum</i>
                                               <i>Schizoglossum aschersonianum var. aschersonianum</i>
                                               <i>Schizoglossum aschersonianum var. longipes</i>
                                               <i>Schizoglossum aschersonianum var. pygmaeum</i>
                                               <i>Schizoglossum aschersonianum var. radiatum</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum atropurpureum</i>
                                               <i>Schizoglossum atropurpureum subsp. atropurpureum</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum barbatum</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum cabrae</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum cordatum</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum petherickianum var. cordata]
                                             <i>Schizoglossum debeersianum</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum filiforme</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum filliforme]
                                             <i>Schizoglossum garcianum</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum gigantiglossum</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum gossweileri</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum hamatum</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum linifolium</i>
                                               <i>Schizoglossum linifolium var. centrirostratum</i>
                                               <i>Schizoglossum linifolium var. linifolium</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum montanum</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum nitidum</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum orbiculare</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum parcum</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum peglerae</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum pulchellum</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum robustum</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum tenellum</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum togoense</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum viridulum</i>
                                             <i>Schizoglossum woodii</i>
                                     <i>Schizostephanus</i>
                                             <i>Schizostephanus alatus</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum validum]
                                             <i>Schizostephanus gossweileri</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum gossweileri]
                                     <i>Schizozygia</i>
                                             <i>Schizozygia coffaeoides</i>
                                     <i>Schlechterella</i>
                                             <i>Schlechterella abyssinica</i>
                                                   [Raphionacme abyssinica]
                                             <i>Schlechterella africana</i>
                                                   [Pleurostelma africanum]
                                                   [Tacazzea africana]
                                     <i>Schubertia</i>
                                             <i>Schubertia grandiflora</i>
                                                   [Araujia grandiflora]
                                     <i>Scyphostelma</i>
                                             <i>Scyphostelma filisepalum</i>
                                                   [Metastelma filisepalum]
                                             <i>Scyphostelma intricatum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum intricatum]
                                             <i>Scyphostelma microphylla</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum microphyllum]
                                             <i>Scyphostelma serpyllifolium</i>
                                                   [Orthosia serpyllifolia]
                                             <i>Scyphostelma unguiculatum</i>
                                                   [Vincetoxicum unguiculatum]
                                     <i>Secamone</i>
                                             <i>Secamone africana</i>
                                                   [Secamone platystigma]
                                                   [Toxocarpus africanus]
                                             <i>Secamone afzelii</i>
                                                   [Hippocratea thomasii]
                                                   [Ichnocarpus afzelii]
                                                   [Secamone myrtifolia]
                                             <i>Secamone alpini</i>
                                                   [Periploca secamone]
                                                   [Secamone thunbergii var. retusa]
                                                   [Secamone thunbergii]
                                             <i>Secamone attenuifolia</i>
                                             <i>Secamone brevipes</i>
                                                   [Rhynchostigma brevipes]
                                                   [Rhynchostigma lujae]
                                                   [Rhynchostigma parviflorum]
                                                   [Secamone rubiginosa]
                                                   [Toxocarpus brevipes]
                                                   [Toxocarpus lujaei]
                                                   [Toxocarpus parviflorus]
                                             <i>Secamone buxifolia</i>
                                             <i>Secamone clavistyla</i>
                                             <i>Secamone curtisii</i>
                                                   [Toxocarpus curtisii]
                                                   [Toxocarpus pauciflorus]
                                             <i>Secamone delagoensis</i>
                                             <i>Secamone dewevrei</i>
                                               <i>Secamone dewevrei subsp. dewevrei</i>
                                                     [Dewevrella congensis]
                                                     [Secamone gabonensis]
                                               <i>Secamone dewevrei subsp. elliptica</i>
                                             <i>Secamone elliptica</i>
                                               <i>Secamone elliptica subsp. elliptica</i>
                                                     [Secamone lanceolata]
                                                     [Secamone micrantha]
                                             <i>Secamone emetica</i>
                                             <i>Secamone erythradenia</i>
                                             <i>Secamone filiformis</i>
                                                   [Astephanus frutescens]
                                                   [Celastrus filiformis]
                                                   [Secamone frutescens]
                                             <i>Secamone fryeri</i>
                                             <i>Secamone gerrardii</i>
                                             <i>Secamone glaberrima</i>
                                             <i>Secamone goyderi</i>
                                             <i>Secamone gracilis</i>
                                             <i>Secamone leonensis</i>
                                                   [Toxocarpus leonensis]
                                             <i>Secamone letouzeyana</i>
                                                   [Toxocarpus letouzeyanus]
                                             <i>Secamone obovata</i>
                                             <i>Secamone oleifolia</i>
                                             <i>Secamone parvifolia</i>
                                                   [Gymnema parvifolium]
                                                   [Secamone emetica var. glabra]
                                                   [Secamone kirkii]
                                                   [Secamone mombasiana]
                                                   [Secamone schweinfurthii]
                                                   [Secamone usambarica]
                                                   [Secamone zambeziaca var. parvifolia]
                                                   [Secamone zambeziaca]
                                             <i>Secamone perrieri</i>
                                             <i>Secamone punctulata</i>
                                                   [Secamone micrandra]
                                                   [Secamone punctulata var. stenophylla]
                                                   [Secamone sansibariensis]
                                                   [Secamone stenophylla]
                                             <i>Secamone racemosa</i>
                                                   [Rhynchostigma racemosum]
                                                   [Toxocarpus racemosus]
                                             <i>Secamone retusa</i>
                                             <i>Secamone siamensis</i>
                                                   [Toxocarpus siamensis]
                                             <i>Secamone sinica</i>
                                             <i>Secamone stuhlmannii</i>
                                                   [Secamone floribunda]
                                                   [Secamone phillyreoides]
                                                   [Secamone rariflora]
                                               <i>Secamone stuhlmannii subsp. whytei</i>
                                                     [Secamone whytei]
                                             <i>Secamone sulfurea</i>
                                               <i>Secamone sulfurea subsp. sulfurea</i>
                                                     [Secamone longiflora]
                                             <i>Secamone tenuifolia</i>
                                             <i>Secamone uncinata</i>
                                             <i>Secamone variicolor</i>
                              Secamonoideae
                                     <i>Genianthus</i>
                                             <i>Genianthus laurifolius</i>
                                                   [Toxocarpus laurifolius]
                                     <i>Goniostemma</i>
                                             <i>Goniostemma acuminatum</i>
                                                   [Toxocarpus acuminatus]
                                     <i>Pervillaea</i>
                                             <i>Pervillaea phillipsonii</i>
                                     <i>Secondatia</i>
                                             <i>Secondatia densiflora</i>
                                             <i>Secondatia floribunda</i>
                                                   [Secondatia foliosa]
                                             <i>Secondatia peruviana</i>
                                     <i>Seutera</i>
                                             <i>Seutera angustifolia</i>
                                                   [Amphistelma salinarum]
                                                   [Ceropegia palustris]
                                                   [Lyonia maritima]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum palustre]
                                             <i>Seutera maritima</i>
                                             <i>Seutera palmeri</i>
                                                   [Pattalias palmeri]
                                                   [Rouliniella unifaria]
                                               <i>Seutera palmeri var. palmeri</i>
                                               <i>Seutera palmeri var. peninsularis</i>
                                             <i>Seutera palustris</i>
                                     <i>Sisyranthus</i>
                                             <i>Sisyranthus compactus</i>
                                             <i>Sisyranthus imberbis</i>
                                             <i>Sisyranthus rhodesicus</i>
                                             <i>Sisyranthus saundersiae</i>
                                             <i>Sisyranthus trichostomus</i>
                                     <i>Skytanthus</i>
                                             <i>Skytanthus acutus</i>
                                             <i>Skytanthus hancorniifolius</i>
                                     <i>Socotora</i>
                                     <i>Solanoa</i>
                                             <i>Solanoa purpurascens</i>
                                     <i>Solenostemma</i>
                                             <i>Solenostemma oleifolium</i>
                                                   [Solenostemma argel]
                                     <i>Somalluma</i>
                                     <i>Spathulopetalum</i>
                                     <i>Sphaerocodon</i>
                                     <i>Spirolobium</i>
                                             <i>Spirolobium cambodianum</i>
                                     <i>Spongiosperma</i>
                                             <i>Spongiosperma cataractarum</i>
                                             <i>Spongiosperma grandiflorum</i>
                                                   [Ambelania grandiflora]
                                             <i>Spongiosperma oleifolium</i>
                                             <i>Spongiosperma riparium</i>
                                     <i>Stapelia</i>
                                             <i>Stapelia engleriana</i>
                                             <i>Stapelia gettliffei</i>
                                             <i>Stapelia gigantea</i>
                                                   [Stapelia meintjesii]
                                                   [Stapelia tarantuloides]
                                                   [× Carapelia tarantuloides]
                                                   [× Orbeopelia tarantuloides]
                                             <i>Stapelia grandiflora</i>
                                             <i>Stapelia hirsuta</i>
                                                   [Gonostemon glabricaulis]
                                               <i>Stapelia hirsuta var. tsomoensis</i>
                                                     [Gonostemon glabricaulis var. forcipis]
                                             <i>Stapelia kwebensis</i>
                                             <i>Stapelia leendertziae</i>
                                             <i>Stapelia nobilis</i>
                                             <i>Stapelia parvula</i>
                                             <i>Stapelia schinzii</i>
                                             <i>Stapelia tsomoensis</i>
                                             <i>Stapelia unicornis</i>
                                             <i>Stapelia variegata</i>
                                     <i>Stapeliopsis</i>
                                     <i>Stathmostelma</i>
                                             <i>Stathmostelma angustatum</i>
                                               <i>Stathmostelma angustatum subsp. angustatum</i>
                                                     [Asclepias angustata]
                                                     [Gomphocarpus angustatus]
                                               <i>Stathmostelma angustatum subsp. vomeriforme</i>
                                                     [Asclepias vomeriformis]
                                                     [Stathmostelma thomasii]
                                             <i>Stathmostelma diversifolium</i>
                                             <i>Stathmostelma fornicatum</i>
                                               <i>Stathmostelma fornicatum subsp. fornicatum</i>
                                                     [Asclepias fornicata]
                                               <i>Stathmostelma fornicatum subsp. tridentatum</i>
                                             <i>Stathmostelma gigantiflorum</i>
                                                   [Asclepias gigantiflora]
                                                   [Asclepias muhindensis]
                                                   [Stathmostelma bicolor]
                                                   [Stathmostelma nomadacridum]
                                                   [Stathmostelma praetermissum]
                                             <i>Stathmostelma incarnatum</i>
                                             <i>Stathmostelma katangense</i>
                                                   [Asclepias dewevrei]
                                                   [Asclepias extenta]
                                                   [Asclepias katangensis]
                                             <i>Stathmostelma pauciflorum</i>
                                                   [Asclepias pauciflora]
                                                   [Asclepias reflexa]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus pauciflorus]
                                                   [Stathmostelma reflexum]
                                             <i>Stathmostelma pedunculatum</i>
                                                   [Asclepias pedunculata]
                                                   [Asclepias uvirensis]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus longipes]
                                                   [Gomphocarpus pedunculatus]
                                                   [Pachycarpus corniculatus]
                                                   [Stathmostelma globuliflorum]
                                                   [Stathmostelma macranthum]
                                             <i>Stathmostelma propinquum</i>
                                                   [Asclepias propinqua]
                                             <i>Stathmostelma rhacodes</i>
                                                   [Asclepias rhacodes]
                                             <i>Stathmostelma spectabile</i>
                                               <i>Stathmostelma spectabile subsp. frommii</i>
                                                     [Stathmostelma frommii]
                                               <i>Stathmostelma spectabile subsp. spectabile</i>
                                                     [Asclepias macropetala]
                                                     [Asclepias odorata]
                                                     [Asclepias pachyclada]
                                                     [Asclepias spectabile]
                                                     [Stathmostelma macropetalum]
                                                     [Stathmostelma odoratum]
                                                     [Stathmostelma pachycladum]
                                             <i>Stathmostelma stipitatum</i>
                                             <i>Stathmostelma welwitschii</i>
                                               <i>Stathmostelma welwitschii var. bagshawei</i>
                                                     [Asclepias bagshawei]
                                               <i>Stathmostelma welwitschii var. welwitschii</i>
                                                     [Asclepias laurentiana]
                                                     [Asclepias welwitschii]
                                                     [Stathmostelma chironiodes]
                                                     [Stathmostelma laurentianum]
                                             <i>Stathmostelma wildemanianum</i>
                                                   [Asclepias verdickii]
                                     <i>Steinheilia</i>
                                     <i>Stemmadenia</i>
                                             <i>Stemmadenia alfaroi</i>
                                             <i>Stemmadenia donnell-smithii</i>
                                             <i>Stemmadenia galeottiana</i>
                                             <i>Stemmadenia glabra</i>
                                             <i>Stemmadenia grandiflora</i>
                                             <i>Stemmadenia obovata</i>
                                             <i>Stemmadenia pauli</i>
                                             <i>Stemmadenia pubescens</i>
                                             <i>Stemmadenia robinsonii</i>
                                             <i>Stemmadenia tomentosa</i>
                                               <i>Stemmadenia tomentosa var. palmeri</i>
                                                     [Stemmadenia palmeri]
                                     <i>Stenomeria</i>
                                             <i>Stenomeria pentalepis</i>
                                     <i>Stenosolen</i>
                                     <i>Stenostelma</i>
                                             <i>Stenostelma capense</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum aciculare]
                                                   [Schizoglossum capense]
                                             <i>Stenostelma corniculatum</i>
                                                   [Lagarinthus corniculatus]
                                                   [Schizoglossum corniculatum]
                                             <i>Stenostelma periglossoides</i>
                                                   [Schizoglossum periglossoides]
                                     <i>Stephanostema</i>
                                             <i>Stephanostema stenocarpum</i>
                                     <i>Stephanotis</i>
                                             <i>Stephanotis floribunda</i>
                                             <i>Stephanotis volubilis</i>
                                                   [Dregea formosana]
                                     <i>Stigmatorhynchus</i>
                                             <i>Stigmatorhynchus umbellifer</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia umbellifera]
                                     <i>Stomatostemma</i>
                                             <i>Stomatostemma monteiroae</i>
                                                   [Cryptolepis monteiroae]
                                             <i>Stomatostemma pendulina</i>
                                     <i>Strempeliopsis</i>
                                             <i>Strempeliopsis arborea</i>
                                             <i>Strempeliopsis strempelioides</i>
                                                   [Rauvolfia strempelioides]
                                     <i>Streptocaulon</i>
                                             <i>Streptocaulon cumingii</i>
                                                   [Anodendron corymbosum]
                                             <i>Streptocaulon juventas</i>
                                                   [Streptocaulon tomentosum]
                                             <i>Streptocaulon parviflorum</i>
                                                   [Periploca parviflora]
                                             <i>Streptocaulon wallichii</i>
                                                   [Streptocaulon baumii]
                                     <i>Streptotrachelus</i>
                                     <i>Strobopetalum</i>
                                     <i>Strophanthus</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus alterniflorus</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus amboensis</i>
                                                   [Strophanthus demeusei]
                                                   [Strophanthus gossweileri]
                                                   [Strophanthus hirsutus]
                                                   [Strophanthus intermedius]
                                                   [Strophanthus longicalyx]
                                                   [Strophanthus paxii]
                                                   [Strophanthus petersianus var. amboensis]
                                                   [Strophanthus schuchardtii]
                                             <i>Strophanthus angusii</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus arnoldianus</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus barteri</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus bequaertii</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus boivinii</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus bullenianus</i>
                                                   [Strophanthus erythroleucus]
                                                   [Strophanthus schlechteri]
                                                   [Strophanthus wildemanianus]
                                             <i>Strophanthus caudatus</i>
                                                   [Strophanthus cumingii]
                                                   [Strophanthus dichotomus]
                                             <i>Strophanthus congoensis</i>
                                                   [Strophanthus intermedius var. bieleri]
                                             <i>Strophanthus courmontii</i>
                                                   [Strophanthus courmontii var. fallax]
                                                   [Strophanthus courmontii var. kirkii]
                                             <i>Strophanthus divaricatus</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus divergens</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus eminii</i>
                                                   [Strophanthus eminii var. wittei]
                                                   [Strophanthus fischeri]
                                                   [Strophanthus stuhlmannii]
                                                   [Strophanthus wittei]
                                             <i>Strophanthus gardeniiflorus</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus gerrardii</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus gracilis</i>
                                                   [Strophanthus klainei]
                                                   [Strophanthus scaber]
                                             <i>Strophanthus gratus</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus hispidus</i>
                                                   [Strophanthus bariba]
                                                   [Strophanthus hispidus var. bosere]
                                                   [Strophanthus hispidus var. latistigmatica]
                                                   [Strophanthus hispidus var. lobatistigmatica]
                                                   [Strophanthus hispidus var. parvistigmatica]
                                                   [Strophanthus hispidus var. seidenii]
                                                   [Strophanthus niger]
                                                   [Strophanthus tchabe]
                                                   [Strophanthus thierreanus]
                                             <i>Strophanthus holosericeus</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus hypoleucos</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus kombe</i>
                                                   [Strophanthus hispidus var. kombe]
                                             <i>Strophanthus ledienii</i>
                                                   [Strophanthus kombe var. ledienii]
                                             <i>Strophanthus luteolus</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus minor</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus mirabilis</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus mortehanii</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus nicholsonii</i>
                                                   [Strophanthus asper]
                                             <i>Strophanthus parviflorus</i>
                                                   [Strophanthus dewevrei]
                                             <i>Strophanthus perakensis</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus petersianus</i>
                                                   [Strophanthus grandiflorus]
                                                   [Strophanthus petersianus var. grandiflorus]
                                                   [Strophanthus sarmentosus var. verrucosus]
                                                   [Strophanthus verrucosus]
                                             <i>Strophanthus preussii</i>
                                                   [Strophanthus bracteatus]
                                                   [Strophanthus preussii var. brevifolius]
                                                   [Strophanthus preussii var. scabridulus]
                                             <i>Strophanthus sarmentosus</i>
                                               <i>Strophanthus sarmentosus var. glabriflorus</i>
                                                     [Strophanthus glabriflorus]
                                               <i>Strophanthus sarmentosus var. sarmentosus</i>
                                                     [Strophanthus laurifolius]
                                                     [Strophanthus ogovensis]
                                                     [Strophanthus paroissei]
                                                     [Strophanthus pendulus]
                                                     [Strophanthus punctiferus]
                                                     [Strophanthus sarmentosus f. paroissei]
                                                     [Strophanthus sarmentosus f. senegambiae]
                                                     [Strophanthus sarmentosus var. major]
                                                     [Strophanthus sarmentosus var. pendulus]
                                                     [Strophanthus sarmentosus var. pubescens]
                                                     [Strophanthus senegambiae]
                                             <i>Strophanthus schultzei</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus singaporianus</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus speciosus</i>
                                                   [Christya speciosa]
                                                   [Strophanthus capensis]
                                             <i>Strophanthus thollonii</i>
                                                   [Strophanthus pierreanus]
                                             <i>Strophanthus vanderijstii</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus wallichii</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus welwitschii</i>
                                                   [Strophanthus ecaudatus]
                                                   [Strophanthus gilletii]
                                                   [Strophanthus katangensis]
                                                   [Strophanthus parvifolius]
                                                   [Strophanthus verdickii var. latisepalus]
                                                   [Strophanthus verdickii]
                                                   [Zygonerion welwitschii]
                                             <i>Strophanthus wightianus</i>
                                             <i>Strophanthus zimmermannianus</i>
                                     <i>Stultitia</i>
                                     <i>Suberogerens</i>
                                     <i>Swynnertonia</i>
                                     <i>Taberna</i>
                                     <i>Tabernaemontana</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana africana</i>
                                                   [Conopharyngia chippii]
                                                   [Conopharyngia longiflora]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana chippii]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana longiflora]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana alba</i>
                                                   [Tabernaemontana amblyocarpa]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana martensii]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana paisavelensis]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana umbellata]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana alfaroi</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana allenii</i>
                                                   [Stemmadenia allenii]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana alternifolia</i>
                                                   [Tabernaemontana heyneana]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana amplifolia</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia</i>
                                                   [Tabernaemontana acapulcensis]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana deamii]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana angulata</i>
                                                   [Anacampta angulata]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana apoda</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana arborea</i>
                                                   [Peschiera arborea]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana schippii]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana attenuata</i>
                                                   [Anartia meyeri]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana meyeri]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana aurantiaca</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana australis</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana bouquetii</i>
                                                   [Camerunia bouquetii]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana bovina</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana brachyantha</i>
                                                   [Conopharyngia brachyantha]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana bufalina</i>
                                                   [Tabernaemontana luensis]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana cathariensis</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana catharinensis</i>
                                                   [Peschiera catharinensis]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana affinis]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana hilariana]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana cerifera</i>
                                                   [Pagiantha cerifera]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana chrysocarpa</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana citrifolia</i>
                                                   [Tabernaemontana lanceolata]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana oppositifolia]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana coffeoides</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana columbiensis</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana contorta</i>
                                                   [Conopharyngia contorta]
                                                   [Sarcopharyngia contorta]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana cordata</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana coriacea</i>
                                                   [Anacampta pendula]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana congesta]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana luciliae]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana submollis]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana corymbosa</i>
                                                   [Pagiantha corymbosa]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana crassa</i>
                                                   [Conopharyngia crassa]
                                                   [Conopharyngia durissima]
                                                   [Conopharyngia jollyana]
                                                   [Conopharyngia macrosiphon]
                                                   [Conopharyngia smithii var. brevituba]
                                                   [Conopharyngia smithii]
                                                   [Conopharyngia thonneri var. demeusei]
                                                   [Conopharyngia thonneri var. lescrauwaetii]
                                                   [Conopharyngia thonneri]
                                                   [Gabunia dorotheae]
                                                   [Gabunia gentilii]
                                                   [Sarcopharyngia crassa]
                                                   [Sarcopharyngia gentilii]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana durissima]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana smithii]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana thonneri]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana crassifolia</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana cuspidata</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana cymosa</i>
                                                   [Peschiera concinna]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana arcuata]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana concinna]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana psychotriifolia]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana dichotoma</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana disticha</i>
                                                   [Bonafousia disticha]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana divaricata</i>
                                                   [Ervatamia coronaria]
                                                   [Ervatamia divaricata]
                                                   [Ervatamia flabelliformis]
                                                   [Nerium coronarium]
                                                   [Nerium divaricatum]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana coronaria]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana recurva]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana eglandulosa</i>
                                                   [Gabunia brachypoda]
                                                   [Gabunia crispiflora]
                                                   [Gabunia eglandulosa]
                                                   [Gabunia latifolia]
                                                   [Gabunia longiflora]
                                                   [Gabunia macrocalyx]
                                                   [Gabunia macrocarpa]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana brachypoda]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana chartacea]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana crispiflora]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana eglandulosa var. macrocalyx]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana latifolia]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana elegans</i>
                                                   [Conopharyngia elegans]
                                                   [Leptopharyngia elegans]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana eubracteata</i>
                                                   [Stemmadenia eubracteata]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana flavicans</i>
                                                   [Anartia flavicans]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana olivacea]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana fragrans</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana glabra</i>
                                                   [Bignonia obovata]
                                                   [Stemmadenia calycina]
                                                   [Stemmadenia mollis]
                                                   [Stemmadenia obovata var. mollis]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana glandulosa</i>
                                                   [Gabunia glandulosa]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana grandiflora</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana granulosa</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana hallei</i>
                                                   [Gabunia hallei]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana hannae</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana heterophylla</i>
                                                   [Stenosolen heterophyllus]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana stenoloba]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana hystrix</i>
                                                   [Tabernaemontana fuchsiifolia]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana inconspicua</i>
                                                   [Pterotaberna inconspicua]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana laeta</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana lagenaria</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana laurifolia</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana letestui</i>
                                                   [Gabunia letestui]
                                                   [Protogabunia latifolia]
                                                   [Protogabunia letestui]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana linkii</i>
                                                   [Tabernaemontana myriantha]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana litoralis</i>
                                                   [Stemmadenia bella]
                                                   [Stemmadenia greenmanii]
                                                   [Stemmadenia insignis]
                                                   [Stemmadenia litoralis]
                                                   [Stemmadenia macrophylla]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana longipes</i>
                                                   [Tabernaemontana costaricensis]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana pendula]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana macrocalyx</i>
                                                   [Tabernaemontana muelleriana]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana macrocarpa</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana macrophylla</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana markgrafiana</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana maxima</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana muricata</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana oaxacana</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana ochoterenae</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana ochroleuca</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana odontadeniiflora</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana odoratissima</i>
                                                   [Gabunia odoratissima]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana orientalis</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana ovalifolia</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana pachysiphon</i>
                                                   [Conopharyngia angolensis]
                                                   [Conopharyngia cumminsii]
                                                   [Conopharyngia holstii]
                                                   [Conopharyngia pachysiphon]
                                                   [Sarcopharyngia angolensis]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana angolensis]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana holstii]
                                                   [Voacanga dichotoma]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana palustris</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana panamensis</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana pandacaqui</i>
                                                   [Ervatamia floribunda var. villosiuscula]
                                                   [Ervatamia floribunda]
                                                   [Ervatamia pandacaqui]
                                                   [Ervatamia parviflora]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana arborescens]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana biflora]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana capsicoides]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana congestiflora]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana cumingiana]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana mollis]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana subglobosa]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana pauciflora</i>
                                                   [Tabernaemontana malaccensis]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana polysperma]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana peduncularis</i>
                                                   [Ervatamia peduncularis]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana penduliflora</i>
                                                   [Camerunia penduliflora]
                                                   [Conopharyngia penduliflora]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana persicariifolia</i>
                                                   [Tabernaemontana mauritiana]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana polyneura</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana psorocarpa</i>
                                                   [Gabunia psorocarpa]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana retusa</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana robinsonii</i>
                                                   [Stemmadenia lagunae]
                                                   [Stemmadenia macrantha]
                                                   [Stemmadenia minima]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana rostrata</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana rotensis</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana rupicola</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana salzmanni</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana salzmannii</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana sananho</i>
                                                   [Bonafousia sananho]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana simulans</i>
                                                   [Stemmadenia simulans]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana siphilitica</i>
                                                   [Bonafousia juruana]
                                                   [Bonafousia killipii]
                                                   [Bonafousia siphilitica]
                                                   [Bonafousia tetrastachya]
                                                   [Peschiera echinata]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana hirtula]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana tetrastachya]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana sphaerocarpa</i>
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana stapfiana</i>
                                                   [Conopharyngia bequaertii]
                                                   [Conopharyngia johnstonii var. grandiflora]
                                                   [Conopharyngia johnstonii]
                                                   [Conopharyngia stapfiana]
                                                   [Sarcopharyngia stapfiana]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana johnstonii]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana stenosiphon</i>
                                                   [Conopharyngia stenosiphon]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana tomentosa</i>
                                                   [Stemmadenia decipiens]
                                                   [Stemmadenia sinaloana]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana undulata</i>
                                                   [Anacampta albescens]
                                                   [Stemmadenia nervosa]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana albescens]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana vanheurckii</i>
                                                   [Peschiera vanheurckii]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana ventricosa</i>
                                                   [Conopharyngia rutshurensis]
                                                   [Conopharyngia ventricosa]
                                                   [Domkeocarpa pendula]
                                                   [Sarcopharyngia ventricosa]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana usambarensis]
                                             <i>Tabernaemontana wullschlaegelii</i>
                                                   [Tabernaemontana glaucescens]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana lactea]
                                     <i>Tacazzea</i>
                                             <i>Tacazzea apiculata</i>
                                                   [Tacazzea apiculata var. benedicta]
                                                   [Tacazzea apiculata var. glabra]
                                                   [Tacazzea bagshawei var. occidentalis]
                                                   [Tacazzea bagshawei]
                                                   [Tacazzea barteri]
                                                   [Tacazzea brazzaeana]
                                                   [Tacazzea kirkii]
                                                   [Tacazzea nigritana]
                                                   [Tacazzea stipularis]
                                                   [Tacazzea thollonii]
                                                   [Tacazzea verticillata]
                                                   [Tacazzea welwitschii]
                                             <i>Tacazzea conferta</i>
                                                   [Tacazzea floribunda]
                                                   [Tacazzea galactagoga]
                                             <i>Tacazzea rosmarinifolia</i>
                                                   [Aechmolepis rosmarinifolia]
                                                   [Tacazzea oleander]
                                                   [Tacazzea salicina]
                                                   [Tacazzea venosa subsp. rosmarinifolia]
                                             <i>Tacazzea venosa</i>
                                                   [Periploca venosa]
                                                   [Tacazzea martini]
                                                   [Tacazzea venosa var. martini]
                                     <i>Tapeinostelma</i>
                                     <i>Tassadia</i>
                                             <i>Tassadia aristata</i>
                                                   [Ditassa aristata]
                                             <i>Tassadia berteriana</i>
                                                   [Sattadia stenoloba]
                                             <i>Tassadia decalepis</i>
                                                   [Stenomeria decalepis]
                                                   [Stenomeria tomentosa]
                                             <i>Tassadia guianensis</i>
                                             <i>Tassadia kamaensis</i>
                                             <i>Tassadia milanezii</i>
                                             <i>Tassadia obovata</i>
                                                   [Tassadia apocynella]
                                                   [Tassadia recurva]
                                             <i>Tassadia ovalifolia</i>
                                             <i>Tassadia propinqua</i>
                                                   [Tassadia sprucei]
                                             <i>Tassadia trailiana</i>
                                     <i>Tavaresia</i>
                                             <i>Tavaresia angolensis</i>
                                                   [Decabelone elegans]
                                                   [Decabelone sieberi]
                                                   [Huernia tavaresii]
                                                   [Stapelia digitaliflora]
                                             <i>Tavaresia barklyi</i>
                                             <i>Tavaresia thompsoniorum</i>
                                     <i>Telminostelma</i>
                                             <i>Telminostelma foetidum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum jamaicense]
                                                   [Rouliniella foetida]
                                                   [Rouliniella lignosa]
                                     <i>Telosiphonia</i>
                                             <i>Telosiphonia hesperia</i>
                                             <i>Telosiphonia hypoleuca</i>
                                             <i>Telosiphonia lanuginosa</i>
                                               <i>Telosiphonia lanuginosa var. lanuginosa</i>
                                             <i>Telosiphonia macrosiphon</i>
                                             <i>Telosiphonia nacapulensis</i>
                                     <i>Telosma</i>
                                             <i>Telosma africana</i>
                                                   [Pergularia sanguinolenta]
                                                   [Pergularia tacazzeana]
                                                   [Telosma tacazzeanum]
                                                   [Telosma unyorensis]
                                             <i>Telosma cordata</i>
                                                   [Telosma minor]
                                                   [Telosma pallida]
                                             <i>Telosma filipes</i>
                                                   [Pergularia filipes]
                                             <i>Telosma puberula</i>
                                                   [Pergularia puberula]
                                     <i>Temnadenia</i>
                                             <i>Temnadenia odorifera</i>
                                             <i>Temnadenia stellaris</i>
                                             <i>Temnadenia violacea</i>
                                     <i>Tenaris</i>
                                             <i>Tenaris browniana</i>
                                     <i>Tephea</i>
                                     <i>Tetradoa</i>
                                     <i>Tetraphysa</i>
                                     <i>Thenardia</i>
                                             <i>Thenardia chiapensis</i>
                                             <i>Thenardia floribunda</i>
                                                   [Thenardia suaveolens]
                                                   [Thenardia tubulifera]
                                             <i>Thenardia galeottiana</i>
                                                   [Thenardia gonoloboides]
                                     <i>Thevetia</i>
                                             <i>Thevetia ahouai</i>
                                                   [Plumeriopsis ahouai]
                                                   [Thevetia nitida]
                                             <i>Thevetia bicornuta</i>
                                                   [Thevetia paraguayensis]
                                             <i>Thevetia gaumeri</i>
                                             <i>Thevetia ovata</i>
                                             <i>Thevetia peruviana</i>
                                                   [Cascabela thevetia]
                                                   [Cerbera thevetia]
                                                   [Thevetia neriifolia]
                                             <i>Thevetia plumeriaefolia</i>
                                             <i>Thevetia thevetioides</i>
                                     <i>Thoreauea</i>
                                             <i>Thoreauea guerrerensis</i>
                                             <i>Thoreauea paneroi</i>
                                     <i>Thyrsanthella</i>
                                             <i>Thyrsanthella difformis</i>
                                                   [Forsteronia difformis]
                                                   [Trachelospermum difforme]
                                     <i>Thyrsanthus</i>
                                     <i>Tintinnabularia</i>
                                             <i>Tintinnabularia gratissima</i>
                                             <i>Tintinnabularia mortonii</i>
                                     <i>Tonduzia</i>
                                             <i>Tonduzia longifolia</i>
                                                   [Alstonia pittieri]
                                                   [Carissa verticillata]
                                                   [Rauvolfia longifolia]
                                                   [Rauvolfia stenophylla]
                                                   [Tonduzia longipedunculata]
                                                   [Tonduzia parvifolia]
                                                   [Tonduzia pittieri]
                                             <i>Tonduzia stenophylla</i>
                                                   [Alstonia stenophylla]
                                     <i>Torresea</i>
                                     <i>Toxicophlaea</i>
                                     <i>Toxocarpus</i>
                                             <i>Toxocarpus elmeri</i>
                                             <i>Toxocarpus himalensis</i>
                                             <i>Toxocarpus kleinii</i>
                                             <i>Toxocarpus longipetalus</i>
                                             <i>Toxocarpus wightianus</i>
                                                   [Toxocarpus ovalifolius]
                                     <i>Trachelospermum</i>
                                             <i>Trachelospermum asiaticum</i>
                                                   [Trachelospermum crocostomum]
                                             <i>Trachelospermum axillare</i>
                                             <i>Trachelospermum bodinieri</i>
                                             <i>Trachelospermum bowringii</i>
                                             <i>Trachelospermum cuneatum</i>
                                             <i>Trachelospermum gracilipes</i>
                                               <i>Trachelospermum gracilipes var. liukiuense</i>
                                                     [Trachelospermum foetidum]
                                             <i>Trachelospermum jasminoides</i>
                                                   [Rhynchospermum jasminoides]
                                                   [Trachelospermum divaricatum]
                                                   [Trachelospermum jasminoides var. heterophyllum]
                                             <i>Trachelospermum lucidum</i>
                                                   [Ichnocarpus fragrans]
                                                   [Trachelospermum fragrans]
                                     <i>Trachomitum</i>
                                             <i>Trachomitum lancifolium</i>
                                     <i>Trachycalymma</i>
                                     <i>Traunia</i>
                                     <i>Trichocaulon</i>
                                     <i>Trichosacme</i>
                                             <i>Trichosacme lanata</i>
                                     <i>Trichostelma</i>
                                     <i>Tweedia</i>
                                           [Turrigera]
                                             <i>Tweedia birostrata</i>
                                                   [Oxypetalum confertiflorum]
                                             <i>Tweedia brunonis</i>
                                                   [Turrigera halophila]
                                                   [Turrigera inconspicua]
                                             <i>Tweedia hookeri</i>
                                             <i>Tweedia solanoides</i>
                                                   [Oxypetalum solanoides]
                                     <i>Tylodontia</i>
                                             <i>Tylodontia cubensis</i>
                                             <i>Tylodontia fuscula</i>
                                                   [Amphistelma filiforme]
                                                   [Metastelma fusculum]
                                             <i>Tylodontia urceolata</i>
                                                   [Metastelma ovalifolium]
                                     <i>Tylophora</i>
                                             <i>Tylophora floribunda</i>
                                             <i>Tylophora grandiflora</i>
                                             <i>Tylophora indica</i>
                                             <i>Tylophora polyantha</i>
                                             <i>Tylophora samoensis</i>
                                             <i>Tylophora tanakae</i>
                                             <i>Tylophora tenuis</i>
                                     <i>Tylophoropsis</i>
                                             <i>Tylophoropsis heterophylla</i>
                                     <i>Urceola</i>
                                             <i>Urceola brachysepala</i>
                                                   [Carruthersia imberbis]
                                                   [Chavannesia imberbis]
                                                   [Chavannesia philippinensis]
                                                   [Urceola imberbis]
                                             <i>Urceola laevigata</i>
                                                   [Parameria barbata]
                                                   [Parameria philippinensis]
                                             <i>Urceola laevis</i>
                                                   [Carruthersia laevis]
                                             <i>Urceola lucida</i>
                                                   [Urceola esculenta]
                                             <i>Urceola micrantha</i>
                                                   [Ecdysanthera brachiata]
                                                   [Ecdysanthera utilis]
                                             <i>Urceola minutiflora</i>
                                             <i>Urceola napeensis</i>
                                             <i>Urceola polymorpha</i>
                                                   [Aganonerion polymorphum]
                                             <i>Urceola rosea</i>
                                                   [Ecdysanthera rosea]
                                             <i>Urceola torulosa</i>
                                             <i>Urceola tournieri</i>
                                     <i>Urechites</i>
                                             <i>Urechites andrieuxii</i>
                                             <i>Urechites lutea</i>
                                               <i>Urechites lutea var. lutea</i>
                                               <i>Urechites lutea var. sericea</i>
                                             <i>Urechites pinetorum</i>
                                               <i>Urechites luteus var. luteus</i>
                                     <i>Urostephanus</i>
                                     <i>Vahadenia</i>
                                             <i>Vahadenia caillei</i>
                                                   [Landolphia caillei]
                                             <i>Vahadenia laurentii</i>
                                                   [Landolphia laurentii var. grandiflora]
                                                   [Landolphia laurentii]
                                                   [Vahadenia laurentii f. obtusifolia]
                                                   [Vahadenia laurentii var. grandiflora]
                                                   [Vahadenia talbotii]
                                     <i>Vahea</i>
                                     <i>Vailia</i>
                                             <i>Vailia anomala</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia gracilis]
                                             <i>Vailia mucronata</i>
                                             <i>Vailia salicina</i>
                                                   [Blepharodon triviale]
                                                   [Ditassa trivialis]
                                     <i>Vallaris</i>
                                             <i>Vallaris solanacea</i>
                                                   [Peltanthera solanacea]
                                                   [Vallaris dichotoma]
                                                   [Vallaris heynei]
                                     <i>Vallesia</i>
                                           [Moritzia]
                                             <i>Vallesia antillana</i>
                                             <i>Vallesia aurantiaca</i>
                                                   [Vallesia flexuosa]
                                                   [Vallesia mexicana]
                                             <i>Vallesia conzattii</i>
                                             <i>Vallesia glabra</i>
                                                   [Vallesia chiococcoides]
                                                   [Vallesia dichotoma]
                                               <i>Vallesia glabra var. glabra</i>
                                             <i>Vallesia laciniata</i>
                                                   [Vallesia baileyana]
                                             <i>Vallesia montana</i>
                                             <i>Vallesia sinaloensis</i>
                                             <i>Vallesia spectabilis</i>
                                     <i>Vilbouchevitchia</i>
                                     <i>Vinca</i>
                                             <i>Vinca acutiflora</i>
                                             <i>Vinca difformis</i>
                                             <i>Vinca erecta</i>
                                             <i>Vinca herbacea</i>
                                                   [Vinca libanotica]
                                             <i>Vinca major</i>
                                                   [Vinca major var. variegata]
                                               <i>Vinca major subsp. hirsuta</i>
                                                     [Vinca pubescens]
                                               <i>Vinca major subsp. major</i>
                                                     [Vinca grandiflora]
                                             <i>Vinca media</i>
                                             <i>Vinca minor</i>
                                     <i>Vincetoxicum</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum acuminatum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum acuminatifolium]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum adenocardium</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum amplifolium</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum anomalum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum chirindense]
                                                   [Cynanchum papillosum]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum apiculatum</i>
                                                   [Tylophora apiculata]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum arachnoideum</i>
                                                   [Tylophora arachnoidea]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum aristolochioides</i>
                                                   [Tylophora aristolochioides]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum arnottianum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum arnottianum]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum atratum</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum baldwynianum</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum barbatum</i>
                                                   [Tylophora barbata]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum caffrum</i>
                                                   [Gongronema welwitschii]
                                                   [Gymnema melananthum]
                                                   [Sphaerocodon angolensis]
                                                   [Sphaerocodon caffrum]
                                                   [Sphaerocodon melananthus]
                                                   [Sphaerocodon natalense]
                                                   [Sphaerocodon obtusifolium]
                                                   [Tylophora caffra]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum calcaratum</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum cameroonicum</i>
                                                   [Tylophora cameroonica]
                                                   [Tylophora glauca]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum canescens</i>
                                               <i>Vincetoxicum canescens subsp. canescens</i>
                                                     [Cynanchum glaucum]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum carolinense</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum cernuum</i>
                                                   [Astephanus arenarius]
                                                   [Astephanus cernuus]
                                                   [Astephanus recurvatus]
                                                   [Microstephanus cernuus]
                                                   [Periploca ovata]
                                                   [Pleurostelma cernuum]
                                                   [Pleurostelma grevei]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum changqinianum</i>
                                                   [Asclepias paniculata]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum chekiangense</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum chekiangense]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum cinerascens</i>
                                                   [Tylophora cinerascens]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum cissoides</i>
                                                   [Tylophora cissoides]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum congolanum</i>
                                                   [Nanostelma congolanum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum glanvillei]
                                                   [Tylophora congolana]
                                                   [Tylophora orthocaulis]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum conspicuum</i>
                                                   [Tylophora conspicua]
                                                   [Tylophora zenkeri]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum coriaceum</i>
                                                   [Pentarrhinum coriaceum]
                                                   [Pentarrhinum iringense]
                                                   [Tylophora erubescens]
                                                   [Tylophora iringensis]
                                                   [Tylophoropsis erubescens]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum crassifolium</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum dahomense</i>
                                                   [Tylophora dahomensis]
                                                   [Tylophora minutiflora]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum diplostigma</i>
                                                   [Diplostigma canescens]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum elegans</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum elegans]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum erectum</i>
                                                   [Tylophora erecta]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum fleckii</i>
                                                   [Tylophora fleckii]
                                                   [Tylophoropsis fleckii]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum flexuosum</i>
                                                   [Tylophora flexuosa]
                                               <i>Vincetoxicum flexuosum var. perrottetianum</i>
                                                     [Tylophora merrillii]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum forrestii</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum forrestii]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum fruticulosum</i>
                                                   [Blyttia arabica]
                                                   [Blyttia fruticulosum]
                                                   [Cynanchum defoliascens]
                                                   [Cynanchum fruticulosum]
                                                   [Cynanchum microstegium]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum gilletii</i>
                                                   [Tylophora gilletii]
                                                   [Tylophora smilacina]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum govanii</i>
                                                   [Tylophora govanii]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum gracillimum</i>
                                                   [Tylophora gracillima]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum grandiflorum</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum grandifolium</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum grandifolium]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum hastulatum</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum heterophylla</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum roseum]
                                                   [Gymnema longepedunculata]
                                                   [Sphaerocodon longipedunculatum]
                                                   [Tylophora heterophylla]
                                                   [Tylophora longepedunculata]
                                                   [Tylophora yemensis]
                                                   [Tylophoropsis yemense]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum hirsutum</i>
                                                   [Tylophora hirsuta]
                                                   [Tylophora hispida var. brownii]
                                                   [Tylophora hispida]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum hirundinaria</i>
                                               <i>Vincetoxicum hirundinaria subsp. adriaticum</i>
                                                     [Cynanchum adriaticum]
                                               <i>Vincetoxicum hirundinaria subsp. hirundinaria</i>
                                                     [Vincetoxicum album]
                                                     [Vincetoxicum officinale var. luteolum]
                                                     [Vincetoxicum officinale var. ochroleucum]
                                                     [Vincetoxicum officinale var. petrophilum]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum inamoenum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum inamoenum]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum indicum</i>
                                                   [Tylophora asthmatica]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum inhambanense</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum jacquemontianum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum jacquemontianum]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum japonicum</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum lesueurii</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum lindleyi</i>
                                                   [Tylophora ovata]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum lineare</i>
                                                   [Pentatropis atropurpurea]
                                                   [Pentatropis quinquepartita]
                                                   [Rhyncharrhena quinquepartita]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum lugardiae</i>
                                                   [Tylophora corollae]
                                                   [Tylophora lugardiae]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum mexicanum</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum mongolicum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum hancockianum]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum nikoense</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum nikoense]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum obliquum</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum oblongum</i>
                                                   [Oncostemma cuspidatum]
                                                   [Secamone conostyla]
                                                   [Tylophora ampliflora]
                                                   [Tylophora anfracta]
                                                   [Tylophora liberica]
                                                   [Tylophora oblonga]
                                                   [Tylophora plagiopetala]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum oculatum</i>
                                                   [Tylophora deightonii]
                                                   [Tylophora oculata]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum officinale</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum otophyllum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum otophyllum]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum paniculatum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum paniculatum]
                                                   [Pycnostelma chinense]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum parvum</i>
                                                   [Tylophora parvifolia]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum pilosum</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum platypodum</i>
                                                   [Sphaerocodon platypodum]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum polyanthum</i>
                                                   [Tylophora benthamii]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum productum</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum pubescens</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum pumilum</i>
                                                   [Alexitoxicon pumilum]
                                                   [Cynanchum pumilum]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum purpureum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum purpureum]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum rossicum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum medium]
                                                   [Vincetoxicum medium]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum schimperi</i>
                                                   [Astephanus schimperi]
                                                   [Pleurostelma schimperi]
                                                   [Podostelma schimperi]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum shortii</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum silvestre</i>
                                                   [Tylophora silvestris]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum sintenisii</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum somaliense</i>
                                                   [Goydera somaliensis]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum spirale</i>
                                                   [Asclepias spiralis]
                                                   [Pentarrhinum fasciculatum]
                                                   [Pentatropis cynanchoides var. longepetiolata]
                                                   [Pentatropis cynanchoides var. senegalensis]
                                                   [Pentatropis fasciculatus]
                                                   [Pentatropis hoyoides]
                                                   [Pentatropis rigida]
                                                   [Pentatropis senegalensis]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum stauntonii</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum linearifolium]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum stenolobum</i>
                                                   [Astephanus stenolobus]
                                                   [Tylophora stenoloba]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum stephanotrichum</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum stocksii</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum sublanceolatum</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum sublanceolatum]
                                               <i>Vincetoxicum sublanceolatum var. macranthum</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum sylvaticum</i>
                                                   [Marsdenia profusa]
                                                   [Tylophora adalinae]
                                                   [Tylophora sylvatica]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum taihangense</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum taihangense]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum taiwanense</i>
                                                   [Tylophora taiwanensis]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum tenerrimum</i>
                                                   [Tylophora tenerrima]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum tenuipedunculatum</i>
                                                   [Tylophora congoensis]
                                                   [Tylophora gracilis]
                                                   [Tylophora tenuipedunculata]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum tridactylatum</i>
                                                   [Tylophora tridactylata]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum urniflorum</i>
                                                   [Tylophora urceolata]
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum wootonii</i>
                                             <i>Vincetoxicum yamanakae</i>
                                                   [Cynanchum yamanakae]
                                     <i>Voacanga</i>
                                             <i>Voacanga africana</i>
                                                   [Voacanga africana var. auriculata]
                                                   [Voacanga africana var. glabra]
                                                   [Voacanga africana var. lutescens]
                                                   [Voacanga africana var. typica]
                                                   [Voacanga amplexicaulis]
                                                   [Voacanga angolensis]
                                                   [Voacanga angustifolia]
                                                   [Voacanga bequaertii]
                                                   [Voacanga boehmii]
                                                   [Voacanga eketensis]
                                                   [Voacanga glaberrima]
                                                   [Voacanga glabra]
                                                   [Voacanga klainei]
                                                   [Voacanga lemosii]
                                                   [Voacanga lutescens]
                                                   [Voacanga magnifolia]
                                                   [Voacanga puberula]
                                                   [Voacanga schweinfurthii var. puberula]
                                                   [Voacanga schweinfurthii]
                                                   [Voacanga spectabilis]
                                             <i>Voacanga bracteata</i>
                                                   [Voacanga micrantha]
                                             <i>Voacanga caudiflora</i>
                                             <i>Voacanga chalotiana</i>
                                             <i>Voacanga cornuta</i>
                                             <i>Voacanga densiflora</i>
                                             <i>Voacanga diplochlamys</i>
                                                   [Voacanga talbotii]
                                             <i>Voacanga globosa</i>
                                             <i>Voacanga grandifolia</i>
                                             <i>Voacanga lanceolata</i>
                                                   [Voacanga bracteata var. lanceolata]
                                             <i>Voacanga pachyceras</i>
                                             <i>Voacanga psilocalyx</i>
                                                   [Voacanga bracteata var. zenkeri]
                                                   [Voacanga zenkeri]
                                             <i>Voacanga thouarsii</i>
                                                   [Annularia natalensis]
                                                   [Cyclostigma natalense]
                                                   [Orchipeda dregei]
                                                   [Orchipeda thouarsii]
                                                   [Piptolaena dregei]
                                                   [Tabernaemontana thouarsii]
                                                   [Voacanga dregei]
                                                   [Voacanga obtusa]
                                                   [Voacanga obtusata]
                                                   [Voacanga thouarsii var. dregei]
                                                   [Voacanga thouarsii var. obtusa]
                                     <i>Wattakaka</i>
                                             <i>Wattakaka volubilis</i>
                                     <i>Whitesloanea</i>
                                             <i>Whitesloanea crassa</i>
                                                   [Caralluma crassa]
                                                   [Drakebrockmania crassa]
                                     <i>Willughbeia</i>
                                             <i>Willughbeia angustifolia</i>
                                                   [Willughbeia elmeri]
                                             <i>Willughbeia coriacea</i>
                                             <i>Willughbeia edulis</i>
                                             <i>Willughbeia flavescens</i>
                                             <i>Willughbeia tenuiflora</i>
                                     <i>Woodia</i>
                                     <i>Woytkowskia</i>
                                     <i>Wrightia</i>
                                             <i>Wrightia angustifolia</i>
                                             <i>Wrightia antidysenterica</i>
                                             <i>Wrightia arborea</i>
                                                   [Wrightia mollissima]
                                                   [Wrightia tomentosa]
                                                   [Wrightia wallichii]
                                             <i>Wrightia candollei</i>
                                             <i>Wrightia coccinea</i>
                                             <i>Wrightia demartiniana</i>
                                                   [Piaggiaea boranensis]
                                                   [Piaggiaea demartiniana]
                                                   [Wrightia boranensis]
                                             <i>Wrightia hainanensis</i>
                                             <i>Wrightia hanleyi</i>
                                             <i>Wrightia laevis</i>
                                             <i>Wrightia natalensis</i>
                                             <i>Wrightia pubescens</i>
                                               <i>Wrightia pubescens subsp. lanitii</i>
                                                     [Wrightia lanitii]
                                                     [Wrightia ovata]
                                               <i>Wrightia pubescens subsp. pubescens</i>
                                                     [Wrightia annamensis]
                                             <i>Wrightia religiosa</i>
                                             <i>Wrightia tinctoria</i>
                                             <i>Wrightia viridiflora</i>
                                             <i>Wrightia zeylanica</i>
                                     <i>Xysmalobium</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium andongense</i>
                                                   [Asclepias tricorniculata]
                                                   [Schizoglossum tricorniculatum]
                                             <i>Xysmalobium banjoense</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium clavatum</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium congoense</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium convalariiflorum</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium decipiens</i>
                                                   [Xysmalobium holubyi]
                                             <i>Xysmalobium fraternum</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium gossweileri</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium gramineum</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium heudelotianum</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus rubioides]
                                                   [Schizoglossum heudelotianum]
                                                   [Schizoglossum truncatulum]
                                                   [Xysmalobium reticulatum]
                                                   [Xysmalobium schumannianum]
                                             <i>Xysmalobium holubii</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium involucratum</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus involucratus]
                                             <i>Xysmalobium kaessneri</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium membraniferum</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium obscurum</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium parviflorum</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium patulum</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium podostelma</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium rhodesianum</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium rhomboideum</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium samoritourei</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium sessile</i>
                                                   [Gomphocarpus sessilis]
                                             <i>Xysmalobium stockenstromense</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium stocksii</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium tenue</i>
                                             <i>Xysmalobium undulatum</i>
                                               <i>Xysmalobium undulatum var. ensifolium</i>
                                                     [Xysmalobium ensifolium]
                                               <i>Xysmalobium undulatum var. undulatum</i>
                                                     [Asclepias leucotricha]
                                                     [Asclepias undulata]
                                                     [Woodia trilobata]
                                                     [Xysmalobium amplifolium]
                                                     [Xysmalobium barbigerum]
                                                     [Xysmalobium dilatatum]
                                                     [Xysmalobium dispar]
                                                     [Xysmalobium lapathifolium]
                                                     [Xysmalobium leucotrichum]
                                                     [Xysmalobium prismatostigma]
                                                     [Xysmalobium taschdjiani]
                                                     [Xysmalobium trilobatum]
                                     <i>Zacateza</i>
                                             <i>Zacateza pedicellata</i>
                                                   [Tacazzea pedicellata var. occidentalis]
                                                   [Tacazzea pedicellata]
                                                   [Tacazzea racemosus]
                                     <i>Zaczatea</i>
                                     <i>Zschokkea</i>
                                     <i>Zucchellia</i>
                                     <i>Zygodia</i>
                                     <i>Zygonerion</i>
                                     <i>× Carapelia</i>
                                     <i>× Orbeopelia</i>

Problematic Rooting (205840)
                                               <i>Nerium indicum subsp. indicum</i>
                                                     [Nerium odorum]

Problematic Rooting (205853)
                                               <i>Philibertia cynanchoides var. subtruncata</i>

Problematic Rooting (246142)
                                               <i>Ceropegia racemosa var. racemosa</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia racemosa var. tanganyikensis</i>
                                               <i>Ceropegia racemosa var. voiensis</i>

Problematic Rooting (398014)
                                               <i>Brachystelma simplex subsp. simplex</i>

Problematic Rooting (401868)
                                                   <i>Huernia macrocarpa f. macrocarpa</i>
                                                         [Huernia macrocarpa var. cerasina]
                                                         [Huernia macrocarpa var. flavicoronata]
                                                         [Huernia penzigii var. schweinfurthii]
                                                         [Stapelia macrocarpa]
                                                   <i>Huernia macrocarpa f. schimperi</i>
                                                         [Huernia penzigii var. schimperi]
                                               <i>Huernia macrocarpa subsp. harerghensis</i>
                                                     [Huernia macrocarpa subsp. concinna]
                                               <i>Huernia macrocarpa subsp. macrocarpa</i>
                                               <i>Huernia macrocarpa var. macrocarpa</i>

Problematic Rooting (429214)
                                               <i>Huernia guttata subsp. reticulata</i>
                                                     [Stapelia reticulata var. deformis]
                                                     [Stapelia reticulata]